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How to Read a Citation
What is a citation?“A citation is a written reference to a specific work
or portion of a work (book, article, etc.) …clearly identifying [where] the work can be found.
Citation format varies from one field of study to another but includes at a minimum author, title, and publication date.” The citations in this tutorial are in APA format.
“An incomplete citation can make a source difficult, if not impossible, to locate. “
~Citation. (n.d.). In Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science. Retrieved from http://lu.com/odlis/odlis_C.cfm#citation
Two most common typesThe two items you will probably see cited most often
are articles (from scholarly journals, newspapers, or magazines) and books.
The easiest way to tell an article citation from a book citation is that a book citation contains information about where and when the book was published:
Article Citation
Scheufule, D. A. (2007). My friend’s enemy: How split-screen debate influences evaluation of presidential debates. Communication Research, 34(1), 3-24.
Book Citation
Clifford, E. (1979). Help! I’m a prisoner in the library. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Journal Article Citation
Scheufule, D. A. (2007). My friend’s enemy: How split-screen debate influences evaluation of presidential debates. Communication Research, 34(1), 3-24.
Author
Scheufule, D. A. (2007). My friend’s enemy: How split-screen debate influences evaluation of presidential debates. Communication Research, 34(1), 3-24.
Publishing Year
Scheufule, D. A. (2007). My friend’s enemy: How split-screen debate influences evaluation of presidential debates. Communication Research, 34(1), 3-24.
Article Title
Scheufule, D. A. (2007). My friend’s enemy: How split-screen debate influences evaluation of presidential debates. Communication Research, 34(1), 3-24.
Journal Title Scheufule, D. A. (2007). My
friend’s enemy: How split-screen debate influences evaluation of presidential debates. Communication Research, 34(1), 3-24.
Volume Number
Scheufule, D. A. (2007). My friend’s enemy: How split-screen debate influences evaluation of presidential debates. Communication Research, 34 (1), 3-24.
Issue Number
Scheufule, D. A. (2007). My friend’s enemy: How split-screen debate influences evaluation of presidential debates. Communication Research, 34(1), 3-24.
Page Numbers
Scheufule, D. A. (2007). My friend’s enemy: How split-screen debate influences evaluation of presidential debates. Communication Research, 34(1), 3-24.
Book Citation
Clifford, E. (1979). Help! I’m a prisoner in the library. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Author
Clifford, E. (1979). Help! I’m a prisoner in the library. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Publication Year
Clifford, E. (1979). Help! I’m a prisoner in the library. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Book Title
Clifford, E. (1979). Help! I’m a prisoner in the library. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Place of Publication
Clifford, E. (1979). Help! I’m a prisoner in the library. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Publisher
Clifford, E. (1979). Help! I’m a prisoner in the library. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Citation in a DatabaseCitations in databases are usually not correctly formatted, so you may have to look for all the necessary components:
Author
Click “Show Details”
Article Title
Magazine Title
Volume & Issue Numbers
Volume 24
Issue 1
Publication Date
Page number