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How to Research Your Medical Problem Patient Community Meeting@HELP 9 th July 2011
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How to Research Your Medical Problem
Patient Community MeetingHELP9th July 2011
Most Valuable Source of Information
bull Booksbull Librariesbull CDs and bull The Internet
Knowledge builds up trust Doing your homework will also allow you tomake more constructive use of your doctors valuable time so that you can ask him focused questions relevant to your particular problem
BOOKS Medical Encyclopedia
The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine
British Medical Association Family Guide Penguin India has also brought out a Family Medicine Guide meant specifically for an Indian audience
Medical Dictionary Stedmanrsquos Medical Desk Dictionary
Medical Library
CDs
Internet
Nothing is so difficult that it cannot be understood ndash Albert Einstein
How does one go about finding this information
bull Search Engines eg Google ndash type in the keywordsbull Electronic mailing lists available on many diseases bull Ask a Health Query eg HELP Library
Such information simply serves as an aid which can further guide you in your search for the best medical care
Be aware of the fact that not all the medical information available on the Net is reliable you need to assess it critically
Process Your Information
Understand Your Treatment Options
Take The Advise of Your Doctor Or Friend Who Is a Doctor
You Then Need To Decide WhichTreatment is Best For You
Your Choices
bull (1) What would be the costs involved (for each option)
bull (2) What benefits would accrue
bull (3) What are the risks involved
bull (4) What are the alternatives available
What to do nowhellip
bull Too much information can also often leave you feeling confused
It is far better to be confused because you know too
much rather than because you dont know enough The ultimate rewards of doing your homework will be your peace of mind that you did the best you could
How to research medical literature
bull Obtain some basic information on your diagnosis (Make sure you get the spellings right)
bull Spend a little time thinking about exactly what kind of questions you want answered
bull Your doctor certainly should be your first source of information
Researchinghellip
bull Is more like a cycle ndash questions lead to references to further questions to referenceshellip till you zero in on information most valuable to you
bull References abstracts and papers
References
bull References eg
The Positive Effect of Targeted Marketing on an Existing Uterine Fibroid Embolization PracticeHoward B Chrisman MD MBA Pat Auveek Basu MD MBA and Reed A Omary MD
Journal of Vascular Interventional RadiologyMarch 2006 17577-581
Abstractshellip Pubmedbull Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular diseasebull Taylor RS Ashton KE Moxham T Hooper L Ebrahim Sbull Sourcebull Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry Universities of Exeter amp Plymouth Veysey Building Salmon Pool
Lane Exeter UK EX2 4SGbull Abstractbull BACKGROUND bull An earlier Cochrane review of dietary advice identified insufficient evidence to assess effects of reduced salt
intake on mortality or cardiovascular eventsbull OBJECTIVES bull 1 To assess the long term effects of interventions aimed at reducing dietary salt on mortality and cardiovascular
morbidity2 To investigate whether blood pressure reduction is an explanatory factor in any effect of such dietary interventions on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes
bull SEARCH STRATEGY bull The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews
of Effect (DARE)) MEDLINE EMBASE CINAHL and PsycInfo were searched through to October 2008 References of included studies and reviews were also checked No language restrictions were applied
bull SELECTION CRITERIA bull Trials fulfilled the following criteria (1) randomised with follow up of at least six-months (2) intervention was
reduced dietary salt (restricted salt dietary intervention or advice to reduce salt intake) (3) adults (4) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data was available Two reviewers independently assessed whether studies met these criteria
bull DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS bull Data extraction and study validity were compiled by a single reviewer and checked by a second Authors were
contacted where possible to obtain missing information Events were extracted and relative risks (RRs) and 95 CIs calculated
Papers
bull A paper could be an article published in a journal or proceedings of a seminar or conference
bull The paper is the actual report of the work and contains all of the details on the background methods results and conclusions
Other papershellip
bull Every paper in the medical literature contains a list of references at the end
bull Databases such as MedLine
Well Informed Patient
You need to form a partnership with your doctor but such a partnership should be one between well-informed equals which is why you need to do your homework thoroughly first
Most Valuable Source of Information
bull Booksbull Librariesbull CDs and bull The Internet
Knowledge builds up trust Doing your homework will also allow you tomake more constructive use of your doctors valuable time so that you can ask him focused questions relevant to your particular problem
BOOKS Medical Encyclopedia
The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine
British Medical Association Family Guide Penguin India has also brought out a Family Medicine Guide meant specifically for an Indian audience
Medical Dictionary Stedmanrsquos Medical Desk Dictionary
Medical Library
CDs
Internet
Nothing is so difficult that it cannot be understood ndash Albert Einstein
How does one go about finding this information
bull Search Engines eg Google ndash type in the keywordsbull Electronic mailing lists available on many diseases bull Ask a Health Query eg HELP Library
Such information simply serves as an aid which can further guide you in your search for the best medical care
Be aware of the fact that not all the medical information available on the Net is reliable you need to assess it critically
Process Your Information
Understand Your Treatment Options
Take The Advise of Your Doctor Or Friend Who Is a Doctor
You Then Need To Decide WhichTreatment is Best For You
Your Choices
bull (1) What would be the costs involved (for each option)
bull (2) What benefits would accrue
bull (3) What are the risks involved
bull (4) What are the alternatives available
What to do nowhellip
bull Too much information can also often leave you feeling confused
It is far better to be confused because you know too
much rather than because you dont know enough The ultimate rewards of doing your homework will be your peace of mind that you did the best you could
How to research medical literature
bull Obtain some basic information on your diagnosis (Make sure you get the spellings right)
bull Spend a little time thinking about exactly what kind of questions you want answered
bull Your doctor certainly should be your first source of information
Researchinghellip
bull Is more like a cycle ndash questions lead to references to further questions to referenceshellip till you zero in on information most valuable to you
bull References abstracts and papers
References
bull References eg
The Positive Effect of Targeted Marketing on an Existing Uterine Fibroid Embolization PracticeHoward B Chrisman MD MBA Pat Auveek Basu MD MBA and Reed A Omary MD
Journal of Vascular Interventional RadiologyMarch 2006 17577-581
Abstractshellip Pubmedbull Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular diseasebull Taylor RS Ashton KE Moxham T Hooper L Ebrahim Sbull Sourcebull Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry Universities of Exeter amp Plymouth Veysey Building Salmon Pool
Lane Exeter UK EX2 4SGbull Abstractbull BACKGROUND bull An earlier Cochrane review of dietary advice identified insufficient evidence to assess effects of reduced salt
intake on mortality or cardiovascular eventsbull OBJECTIVES bull 1 To assess the long term effects of interventions aimed at reducing dietary salt on mortality and cardiovascular
morbidity2 To investigate whether blood pressure reduction is an explanatory factor in any effect of such dietary interventions on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes
bull SEARCH STRATEGY bull The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews
of Effect (DARE)) MEDLINE EMBASE CINAHL and PsycInfo were searched through to October 2008 References of included studies and reviews were also checked No language restrictions were applied
bull SELECTION CRITERIA bull Trials fulfilled the following criteria (1) randomised with follow up of at least six-months (2) intervention was
reduced dietary salt (restricted salt dietary intervention or advice to reduce salt intake) (3) adults (4) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data was available Two reviewers independently assessed whether studies met these criteria
bull DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS bull Data extraction and study validity were compiled by a single reviewer and checked by a second Authors were
contacted where possible to obtain missing information Events were extracted and relative risks (RRs) and 95 CIs calculated
Papers
bull A paper could be an article published in a journal or proceedings of a seminar or conference
bull The paper is the actual report of the work and contains all of the details on the background methods results and conclusions
Other papershellip
bull Every paper in the medical literature contains a list of references at the end
bull Databases such as MedLine
Well Informed Patient
You need to form a partnership with your doctor but such a partnership should be one between well-informed equals which is why you need to do your homework thoroughly first
BOOKS Medical Encyclopedia
The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine
British Medical Association Family Guide Penguin India has also brought out a Family Medicine Guide meant specifically for an Indian audience
Medical Dictionary Stedmanrsquos Medical Desk Dictionary
Medical Library
CDs
Internet
Nothing is so difficult that it cannot be understood ndash Albert Einstein
How does one go about finding this information
bull Search Engines eg Google ndash type in the keywordsbull Electronic mailing lists available on many diseases bull Ask a Health Query eg HELP Library
Such information simply serves as an aid which can further guide you in your search for the best medical care
Be aware of the fact that not all the medical information available on the Net is reliable you need to assess it critically
Process Your Information
Understand Your Treatment Options
Take The Advise of Your Doctor Or Friend Who Is a Doctor
You Then Need To Decide WhichTreatment is Best For You
Your Choices
bull (1) What would be the costs involved (for each option)
bull (2) What benefits would accrue
bull (3) What are the risks involved
bull (4) What are the alternatives available
What to do nowhellip
bull Too much information can also often leave you feeling confused
It is far better to be confused because you know too
much rather than because you dont know enough The ultimate rewards of doing your homework will be your peace of mind that you did the best you could
How to research medical literature
bull Obtain some basic information on your diagnosis (Make sure you get the spellings right)
bull Spend a little time thinking about exactly what kind of questions you want answered
bull Your doctor certainly should be your first source of information
Researchinghellip
bull Is more like a cycle ndash questions lead to references to further questions to referenceshellip till you zero in on information most valuable to you
bull References abstracts and papers
References
bull References eg
The Positive Effect of Targeted Marketing on an Existing Uterine Fibroid Embolization PracticeHoward B Chrisman MD MBA Pat Auveek Basu MD MBA and Reed A Omary MD
Journal of Vascular Interventional RadiologyMarch 2006 17577-581
Abstractshellip Pubmedbull Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular diseasebull Taylor RS Ashton KE Moxham T Hooper L Ebrahim Sbull Sourcebull Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry Universities of Exeter amp Plymouth Veysey Building Salmon Pool
Lane Exeter UK EX2 4SGbull Abstractbull BACKGROUND bull An earlier Cochrane review of dietary advice identified insufficient evidence to assess effects of reduced salt
intake on mortality or cardiovascular eventsbull OBJECTIVES bull 1 To assess the long term effects of interventions aimed at reducing dietary salt on mortality and cardiovascular
morbidity2 To investigate whether blood pressure reduction is an explanatory factor in any effect of such dietary interventions on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes
bull SEARCH STRATEGY bull The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews
of Effect (DARE)) MEDLINE EMBASE CINAHL and PsycInfo were searched through to October 2008 References of included studies and reviews were also checked No language restrictions were applied
bull SELECTION CRITERIA bull Trials fulfilled the following criteria (1) randomised with follow up of at least six-months (2) intervention was
reduced dietary salt (restricted salt dietary intervention or advice to reduce salt intake) (3) adults (4) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data was available Two reviewers independently assessed whether studies met these criteria
bull DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS bull Data extraction and study validity were compiled by a single reviewer and checked by a second Authors were
contacted where possible to obtain missing information Events were extracted and relative risks (RRs) and 95 CIs calculated
Papers
bull A paper could be an article published in a journal or proceedings of a seminar or conference
bull The paper is the actual report of the work and contains all of the details on the background methods results and conclusions
Other papershellip
bull Every paper in the medical literature contains a list of references at the end
bull Databases such as MedLine
Well Informed Patient
You need to form a partnership with your doctor but such a partnership should be one between well-informed equals which is why you need to do your homework thoroughly first
Medical Library
CDs
Internet
Nothing is so difficult that it cannot be understood ndash Albert Einstein
How does one go about finding this information
bull Search Engines eg Google ndash type in the keywordsbull Electronic mailing lists available on many diseases bull Ask a Health Query eg HELP Library
Such information simply serves as an aid which can further guide you in your search for the best medical care
Be aware of the fact that not all the medical information available on the Net is reliable you need to assess it critically
Process Your Information
Understand Your Treatment Options
Take The Advise of Your Doctor Or Friend Who Is a Doctor
You Then Need To Decide WhichTreatment is Best For You
Your Choices
bull (1) What would be the costs involved (for each option)
bull (2) What benefits would accrue
bull (3) What are the risks involved
bull (4) What are the alternatives available
What to do nowhellip
bull Too much information can also often leave you feeling confused
It is far better to be confused because you know too
much rather than because you dont know enough The ultimate rewards of doing your homework will be your peace of mind that you did the best you could
How to research medical literature
bull Obtain some basic information on your diagnosis (Make sure you get the spellings right)
bull Spend a little time thinking about exactly what kind of questions you want answered
bull Your doctor certainly should be your first source of information
Researchinghellip
bull Is more like a cycle ndash questions lead to references to further questions to referenceshellip till you zero in on information most valuable to you
bull References abstracts and papers
References
bull References eg
The Positive Effect of Targeted Marketing on an Existing Uterine Fibroid Embolization PracticeHoward B Chrisman MD MBA Pat Auveek Basu MD MBA and Reed A Omary MD
Journal of Vascular Interventional RadiologyMarch 2006 17577-581
Abstractshellip Pubmedbull Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular diseasebull Taylor RS Ashton KE Moxham T Hooper L Ebrahim Sbull Sourcebull Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry Universities of Exeter amp Plymouth Veysey Building Salmon Pool
Lane Exeter UK EX2 4SGbull Abstractbull BACKGROUND bull An earlier Cochrane review of dietary advice identified insufficient evidence to assess effects of reduced salt
intake on mortality or cardiovascular eventsbull OBJECTIVES bull 1 To assess the long term effects of interventions aimed at reducing dietary salt on mortality and cardiovascular
morbidity2 To investigate whether blood pressure reduction is an explanatory factor in any effect of such dietary interventions on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes
bull SEARCH STRATEGY bull The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews
of Effect (DARE)) MEDLINE EMBASE CINAHL and PsycInfo were searched through to October 2008 References of included studies and reviews were also checked No language restrictions were applied
bull SELECTION CRITERIA bull Trials fulfilled the following criteria (1) randomised with follow up of at least six-months (2) intervention was
reduced dietary salt (restricted salt dietary intervention or advice to reduce salt intake) (3) adults (4) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data was available Two reviewers independently assessed whether studies met these criteria
bull DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS bull Data extraction and study validity were compiled by a single reviewer and checked by a second Authors were
contacted where possible to obtain missing information Events were extracted and relative risks (RRs) and 95 CIs calculated
Papers
bull A paper could be an article published in a journal or proceedings of a seminar or conference
bull The paper is the actual report of the work and contains all of the details on the background methods results and conclusions
Other papershellip
bull Every paper in the medical literature contains a list of references at the end
bull Databases such as MedLine
Well Informed Patient
You need to form a partnership with your doctor but such a partnership should be one between well-informed equals which is why you need to do your homework thoroughly first
CDs
Internet
Nothing is so difficult that it cannot be understood ndash Albert Einstein
How does one go about finding this information
bull Search Engines eg Google ndash type in the keywordsbull Electronic mailing lists available on many diseases bull Ask a Health Query eg HELP Library
Such information simply serves as an aid which can further guide you in your search for the best medical care
Be aware of the fact that not all the medical information available on the Net is reliable you need to assess it critically
Process Your Information
Understand Your Treatment Options
Take The Advise of Your Doctor Or Friend Who Is a Doctor
You Then Need To Decide WhichTreatment is Best For You
Your Choices
bull (1) What would be the costs involved (for each option)
bull (2) What benefits would accrue
bull (3) What are the risks involved
bull (4) What are the alternatives available
What to do nowhellip
bull Too much information can also often leave you feeling confused
It is far better to be confused because you know too
much rather than because you dont know enough The ultimate rewards of doing your homework will be your peace of mind that you did the best you could
How to research medical literature
bull Obtain some basic information on your diagnosis (Make sure you get the spellings right)
bull Spend a little time thinking about exactly what kind of questions you want answered
bull Your doctor certainly should be your first source of information
Researchinghellip
bull Is more like a cycle ndash questions lead to references to further questions to referenceshellip till you zero in on information most valuable to you
bull References abstracts and papers
References
bull References eg
The Positive Effect of Targeted Marketing on an Existing Uterine Fibroid Embolization PracticeHoward B Chrisman MD MBA Pat Auveek Basu MD MBA and Reed A Omary MD
Journal of Vascular Interventional RadiologyMarch 2006 17577-581
Abstractshellip Pubmedbull Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular diseasebull Taylor RS Ashton KE Moxham T Hooper L Ebrahim Sbull Sourcebull Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry Universities of Exeter amp Plymouth Veysey Building Salmon Pool
Lane Exeter UK EX2 4SGbull Abstractbull BACKGROUND bull An earlier Cochrane review of dietary advice identified insufficient evidence to assess effects of reduced salt
intake on mortality or cardiovascular eventsbull OBJECTIVES bull 1 To assess the long term effects of interventions aimed at reducing dietary salt on mortality and cardiovascular
morbidity2 To investigate whether blood pressure reduction is an explanatory factor in any effect of such dietary interventions on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes
bull SEARCH STRATEGY bull The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews
of Effect (DARE)) MEDLINE EMBASE CINAHL and PsycInfo were searched through to October 2008 References of included studies and reviews were also checked No language restrictions were applied
bull SELECTION CRITERIA bull Trials fulfilled the following criteria (1) randomised with follow up of at least six-months (2) intervention was
reduced dietary salt (restricted salt dietary intervention or advice to reduce salt intake) (3) adults (4) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data was available Two reviewers independently assessed whether studies met these criteria
bull DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS bull Data extraction and study validity were compiled by a single reviewer and checked by a second Authors were
contacted where possible to obtain missing information Events were extracted and relative risks (RRs) and 95 CIs calculated
Papers
bull A paper could be an article published in a journal or proceedings of a seminar or conference
bull The paper is the actual report of the work and contains all of the details on the background methods results and conclusions
Other papershellip
bull Every paper in the medical literature contains a list of references at the end
bull Databases such as MedLine
Well Informed Patient
You need to form a partnership with your doctor but such a partnership should be one between well-informed equals which is why you need to do your homework thoroughly first
Internet
Nothing is so difficult that it cannot be understood ndash Albert Einstein
How does one go about finding this information
bull Search Engines eg Google ndash type in the keywordsbull Electronic mailing lists available on many diseases bull Ask a Health Query eg HELP Library
Such information simply serves as an aid which can further guide you in your search for the best medical care
Be aware of the fact that not all the medical information available on the Net is reliable you need to assess it critically
Process Your Information
Understand Your Treatment Options
Take The Advise of Your Doctor Or Friend Who Is a Doctor
You Then Need To Decide WhichTreatment is Best For You
Your Choices
bull (1) What would be the costs involved (for each option)
bull (2) What benefits would accrue
bull (3) What are the risks involved
bull (4) What are the alternatives available
What to do nowhellip
bull Too much information can also often leave you feeling confused
It is far better to be confused because you know too
much rather than because you dont know enough The ultimate rewards of doing your homework will be your peace of mind that you did the best you could
How to research medical literature
bull Obtain some basic information on your diagnosis (Make sure you get the spellings right)
bull Spend a little time thinking about exactly what kind of questions you want answered
bull Your doctor certainly should be your first source of information
Researchinghellip
bull Is more like a cycle ndash questions lead to references to further questions to referenceshellip till you zero in on information most valuable to you
bull References abstracts and papers
References
bull References eg
The Positive Effect of Targeted Marketing on an Existing Uterine Fibroid Embolization PracticeHoward B Chrisman MD MBA Pat Auveek Basu MD MBA and Reed A Omary MD
Journal of Vascular Interventional RadiologyMarch 2006 17577-581
Abstractshellip Pubmedbull Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular diseasebull Taylor RS Ashton KE Moxham T Hooper L Ebrahim Sbull Sourcebull Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry Universities of Exeter amp Plymouth Veysey Building Salmon Pool
Lane Exeter UK EX2 4SGbull Abstractbull BACKGROUND bull An earlier Cochrane review of dietary advice identified insufficient evidence to assess effects of reduced salt
intake on mortality or cardiovascular eventsbull OBJECTIVES bull 1 To assess the long term effects of interventions aimed at reducing dietary salt on mortality and cardiovascular
morbidity2 To investigate whether blood pressure reduction is an explanatory factor in any effect of such dietary interventions on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes
bull SEARCH STRATEGY bull The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews
of Effect (DARE)) MEDLINE EMBASE CINAHL and PsycInfo were searched through to October 2008 References of included studies and reviews were also checked No language restrictions were applied
bull SELECTION CRITERIA bull Trials fulfilled the following criteria (1) randomised with follow up of at least six-months (2) intervention was
reduced dietary salt (restricted salt dietary intervention or advice to reduce salt intake) (3) adults (4) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data was available Two reviewers independently assessed whether studies met these criteria
bull DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS bull Data extraction and study validity were compiled by a single reviewer and checked by a second Authors were
contacted where possible to obtain missing information Events were extracted and relative risks (RRs) and 95 CIs calculated
Papers
bull A paper could be an article published in a journal or proceedings of a seminar or conference
bull The paper is the actual report of the work and contains all of the details on the background methods results and conclusions
Other papershellip
bull Every paper in the medical literature contains a list of references at the end
bull Databases such as MedLine
Well Informed Patient
You need to form a partnership with your doctor but such a partnership should be one between well-informed equals which is why you need to do your homework thoroughly first
Process Your Information
Understand Your Treatment Options
Take The Advise of Your Doctor Or Friend Who Is a Doctor
You Then Need To Decide WhichTreatment is Best For You
Your Choices
bull (1) What would be the costs involved (for each option)
bull (2) What benefits would accrue
bull (3) What are the risks involved
bull (4) What are the alternatives available
What to do nowhellip
bull Too much information can also often leave you feeling confused
It is far better to be confused because you know too
much rather than because you dont know enough The ultimate rewards of doing your homework will be your peace of mind that you did the best you could
How to research medical literature
bull Obtain some basic information on your diagnosis (Make sure you get the spellings right)
bull Spend a little time thinking about exactly what kind of questions you want answered
bull Your doctor certainly should be your first source of information
Researchinghellip
bull Is more like a cycle ndash questions lead to references to further questions to referenceshellip till you zero in on information most valuable to you
bull References abstracts and papers
References
bull References eg
The Positive Effect of Targeted Marketing on an Existing Uterine Fibroid Embolization PracticeHoward B Chrisman MD MBA Pat Auveek Basu MD MBA and Reed A Omary MD
Journal of Vascular Interventional RadiologyMarch 2006 17577-581
Abstractshellip Pubmedbull Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular diseasebull Taylor RS Ashton KE Moxham T Hooper L Ebrahim Sbull Sourcebull Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry Universities of Exeter amp Plymouth Veysey Building Salmon Pool
Lane Exeter UK EX2 4SGbull Abstractbull BACKGROUND bull An earlier Cochrane review of dietary advice identified insufficient evidence to assess effects of reduced salt
intake on mortality or cardiovascular eventsbull OBJECTIVES bull 1 To assess the long term effects of interventions aimed at reducing dietary salt on mortality and cardiovascular
morbidity2 To investigate whether blood pressure reduction is an explanatory factor in any effect of such dietary interventions on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes
bull SEARCH STRATEGY bull The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews
of Effect (DARE)) MEDLINE EMBASE CINAHL and PsycInfo were searched through to October 2008 References of included studies and reviews were also checked No language restrictions were applied
bull SELECTION CRITERIA bull Trials fulfilled the following criteria (1) randomised with follow up of at least six-months (2) intervention was
reduced dietary salt (restricted salt dietary intervention or advice to reduce salt intake) (3) adults (4) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data was available Two reviewers independently assessed whether studies met these criteria
bull DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS bull Data extraction and study validity were compiled by a single reviewer and checked by a second Authors were
contacted where possible to obtain missing information Events were extracted and relative risks (RRs) and 95 CIs calculated
Papers
bull A paper could be an article published in a journal or proceedings of a seminar or conference
bull The paper is the actual report of the work and contains all of the details on the background methods results and conclusions
Other papershellip
bull Every paper in the medical literature contains a list of references at the end
bull Databases such as MedLine
Well Informed Patient
You need to form a partnership with your doctor but such a partnership should be one between well-informed equals which is why you need to do your homework thoroughly first
Your Choices
bull (1) What would be the costs involved (for each option)
bull (2) What benefits would accrue
bull (3) What are the risks involved
bull (4) What are the alternatives available
What to do nowhellip
bull Too much information can also often leave you feeling confused
It is far better to be confused because you know too
much rather than because you dont know enough The ultimate rewards of doing your homework will be your peace of mind that you did the best you could
How to research medical literature
bull Obtain some basic information on your diagnosis (Make sure you get the spellings right)
bull Spend a little time thinking about exactly what kind of questions you want answered
bull Your doctor certainly should be your first source of information
Researchinghellip
bull Is more like a cycle ndash questions lead to references to further questions to referenceshellip till you zero in on information most valuable to you
bull References abstracts and papers
References
bull References eg
The Positive Effect of Targeted Marketing on an Existing Uterine Fibroid Embolization PracticeHoward B Chrisman MD MBA Pat Auveek Basu MD MBA and Reed A Omary MD
Journal of Vascular Interventional RadiologyMarch 2006 17577-581
Abstractshellip Pubmedbull Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular diseasebull Taylor RS Ashton KE Moxham T Hooper L Ebrahim Sbull Sourcebull Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry Universities of Exeter amp Plymouth Veysey Building Salmon Pool
Lane Exeter UK EX2 4SGbull Abstractbull BACKGROUND bull An earlier Cochrane review of dietary advice identified insufficient evidence to assess effects of reduced salt
intake on mortality or cardiovascular eventsbull OBJECTIVES bull 1 To assess the long term effects of interventions aimed at reducing dietary salt on mortality and cardiovascular
morbidity2 To investigate whether blood pressure reduction is an explanatory factor in any effect of such dietary interventions on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes
bull SEARCH STRATEGY bull The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews
of Effect (DARE)) MEDLINE EMBASE CINAHL and PsycInfo were searched through to October 2008 References of included studies and reviews were also checked No language restrictions were applied
bull SELECTION CRITERIA bull Trials fulfilled the following criteria (1) randomised with follow up of at least six-months (2) intervention was
reduced dietary salt (restricted salt dietary intervention or advice to reduce salt intake) (3) adults (4) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data was available Two reviewers independently assessed whether studies met these criteria
bull DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS bull Data extraction and study validity were compiled by a single reviewer and checked by a second Authors were
contacted where possible to obtain missing information Events were extracted and relative risks (RRs) and 95 CIs calculated
Papers
bull A paper could be an article published in a journal or proceedings of a seminar or conference
bull The paper is the actual report of the work and contains all of the details on the background methods results and conclusions
Other papershellip
bull Every paper in the medical literature contains a list of references at the end
bull Databases such as MedLine
Well Informed Patient
You need to form a partnership with your doctor but such a partnership should be one between well-informed equals which is why you need to do your homework thoroughly first
What to do nowhellip
bull Too much information can also often leave you feeling confused
It is far better to be confused because you know too
much rather than because you dont know enough The ultimate rewards of doing your homework will be your peace of mind that you did the best you could
How to research medical literature
bull Obtain some basic information on your diagnosis (Make sure you get the spellings right)
bull Spend a little time thinking about exactly what kind of questions you want answered
bull Your doctor certainly should be your first source of information
Researchinghellip
bull Is more like a cycle ndash questions lead to references to further questions to referenceshellip till you zero in on information most valuable to you
bull References abstracts and papers
References
bull References eg
The Positive Effect of Targeted Marketing on an Existing Uterine Fibroid Embolization PracticeHoward B Chrisman MD MBA Pat Auveek Basu MD MBA and Reed A Omary MD
Journal of Vascular Interventional RadiologyMarch 2006 17577-581
Abstractshellip Pubmedbull Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular diseasebull Taylor RS Ashton KE Moxham T Hooper L Ebrahim Sbull Sourcebull Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry Universities of Exeter amp Plymouth Veysey Building Salmon Pool
Lane Exeter UK EX2 4SGbull Abstractbull BACKGROUND bull An earlier Cochrane review of dietary advice identified insufficient evidence to assess effects of reduced salt
intake on mortality or cardiovascular eventsbull OBJECTIVES bull 1 To assess the long term effects of interventions aimed at reducing dietary salt on mortality and cardiovascular
morbidity2 To investigate whether blood pressure reduction is an explanatory factor in any effect of such dietary interventions on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes
bull SEARCH STRATEGY bull The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews
of Effect (DARE)) MEDLINE EMBASE CINAHL and PsycInfo were searched through to October 2008 References of included studies and reviews were also checked No language restrictions were applied
bull SELECTION CRITERIA bull Trials fulfilled the following criteria (1) randomised with follow up of at least six-months (2) intervention was
reduced dietary salt (restricted salt dietary intervention or advice to reduce salt intake) (3) adults (4) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data was available Two reviewers independently assessed whether studies met these criteria
bull DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS bull Data extraction and study validity were compiled by a single reviewer and checked by a second Authors were
contacted where possible to obtain missing information Events were extracted and relative risks (RRs) and 95 CIs calculated
Papers
bull A paper could be an article published in a journal or proceedings of a seminar or conference
bull The paper is the actual report of the work and contains all of the details on the background methods results and conclusions
Other papershellip
bull Every paper in the medical literature contains a list of references at the end
bull Databases such as MedLine
Well Informed Patient
You need to form a partnership with your doctor but such a partnership should be one between well-informed equals which is why you need to do your homework thoroughly first
How to research medical literature
bull Obtain some basic information on your diagnosis (Make sure you get the spellings right)
bull Spend a little time thinking about exactly what kind of questions you want answered
bull Your doctor certainly should be your first source of information
Researchinghellip
bull Is more like a cycle ndash questions lead to references to further questions to referenceshellip till you zero in on information most valuable to you
bull References abstracts and papers
References
bull References eg
The Positive Effect of Targeted Marketing on an Existing Uterine Fibroid Embolization PracticeHoward B Chrisman MD MBA Pat Auveek Basu MD MBA and Reed A Omary MD
Journal of Vascular Interventional RadiologyMarch 2006 17577-581
Abstractshellip Pubmedbull Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular diseasebull Taylor RS Ashton KE Moxham T Hooper L Ebrahim Sbull Sourcebull Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry Universities of Exeter amp Plymouth Veysey Building Salmon Pool
Lane Exeter UK EX2 4SGbull Abstractbull BACKGROUND bull An earlier Cochrane review of dietary advice identified insufficient evidence to assess effects of reduced salt
intake on mortality or cardiovascular eventsbull OBJECTIVES bull 1 To assess the long term effects of interventions aimed at reducing dietary salt on mortality and cardiovascular
morbidity2 To investigate whether blood pressure reduction is an explanatory factor in any effect of such dietary interventions on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes
bull SEARCH STRATEGY bull The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews
of Effect (DARE)) MEDLINE EMBASE CINAHL and PsycInfo were searched through to October 2008 References of included studies and reviews were also checked No language restrictions were applied
bull SELECTION CRITERIA bull Trials fulfilled the following criteria (1) randomised with follow up of at least six-months (2) intervention was
reduced dietary salt (restricted salt dietary intervention or advice to reduce salt intake) (3) adults (4) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data was available Two reviewers independently assessed whether studies met these criteria
bull DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS bull Data extraction and study validity were compiled by a single reviewer and checked by a second Authors were
contacted where possible to obtain missing information Events were extracted and relative risks (RRs) and 95 CIs calculated
Papers
bull A paper could be an article published in a journal or proceedings of a seminar or conference
bull The paper is the actual report of the work and contains all of the details on the background methods results and conclusions
Other papershellip
bull Every paper in the medical literature contains a list of references at the end
bull Databases such as MedLine
Well Informed Patient
You need to form a partnership with your doctor but such a partnership should be one between well-informed equals which is why you need to do your homework thoroughly first
Researchinghellip
bull Is more like a cycle ndash questions lead to references to further questions to referenceshellip till you zero in on information most valuable to you
bull References abstracts and papers
References
bull References eg
The Positive Effect of Targeted Marketing on an Existing Uterine Fibroid Embolization PracticeHoward B Chrisman MD MBA Pat Auveek Basu MD MBA and Reed A Omary MD
Journal of Vascular Interventional RadiologyMarch 2006 17577-581
Abstractshellip Pubmedbull Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular diseasebull Taylor RS Ashton KE Moxham T Hooper L Ebrahim Sbull Sourcebull Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry Universities of Exeter amp Plymouth Veysey Building Salmon Pool
Lane Exeter UK EX2 4SGbull Abstractbull BACKGROUND bull An earlier Cochrane review of dietary advice identified insufficient evidence to assess effects of reduced salt
intake on mortality or cardiovascular eventsbull OBJECTIVES bull 1 To assess the long term effects of interventions aimed at reducing dietary salt on mortality and cardiovascular
morbidity2 To investigate whether blood pressure reduction is an explanatory factor in any effect of such dietary interventions on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes
bull SEARCH STRATEGY bull The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews
of Effect (DARE)) MEDLINE EMBASE CINAHL and PsycInfo were searched through to October 2008 References of included studies and reviews were also checked No language restrictions were applied
bull SELECTION CRITERIA bull Trials fulfilled the following criteria (1) randomised with follow up of at least six-months (2) intervention was
reduced dietary salt (restricted salt dietary intervention or advice to reduce salt intake) (3) adults (4) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data was available Two reviewers independently assessed whether studies met these criteria
bull DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS bull Data extraction and study validity were compiled by a single reviewer and checked by a second Authors were
contacted where possible to obtain missing information Events were extracted and relative risks (RRs) and 95 CIs calculated
Papers
bull A paper could be an article published in a journal or proceedings of a seminar or conference
bull The paper is the actual report of the work and contains all of the details on the background methods results and conclusions
Other papershellip
bull Every paper in the medical literature contains a list of references at the end
bull Databases such as MedLine
Well Informed Patient
You need to form a partnership with your doctor but such a partnership should be one between well-informed equals which is why you need to do your homework thoroughly first
References
bull References eg
The Positive Effect of Targeted Marketing on an Existing Uterine Fibroid Embolization PracticeHoward B Chrisman MD MBA Pat Auveek Basu MD MBA and Reed A Omary MD
Journal of Vascular Interventional RadiologyMarch 2006 17577-581
Abstractshellip Pubmedbull Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular diseasebull Taylor RS Ashton KE Moxham T Hooper L Ebrahim Sbull Sourcebull Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry Universities of Exeter amp Plymouth Veysey Building Salmon Pool
Lane Exeter UK EX2 4SGbull Abstractbull BACKGROUND bull An earlier Cochrane review of dietary advice identified insufficient evidence to assess effects of reduced salt
intake on mortality or cardiovascular eventsbull OBJECTIVES bull 1 To assess the long term effects of interventions aimed at reducing dietary salt on mortality and cardiovascular
morbidity2 To investigate whether blood pressure reduction is an explanatory factor in any effect of such dietary interventions on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes
bull SEARCH STRATEGY bull The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews
of Effect (DARE)) MEDLINE EMBASE CINAHL and PsycInfo were searched through to October 2008 References of included studies and reviews were also checked No language restrictions were applied
bull SELECTION CRITERIA bull Trials fulfilled the following criteria (1) randomised with follow up of at least six-months (2) intervention was
reduced dietary salt (restricted salt dietary intervention or advice to reduce salt intake) (3) adults (4) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data was available Two reviewers independently assessed whether studies met these criteria
bull DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS bull Data extraction and study validity were compiled by a single reviewer and checked by a second Authors were
contacted where possible to obtain missing information Events were extracted and relative risks (RRs) and 95 CIs calculated
Papers
bull A paper could be an article published in a journal or proceedings of a seminar or conference
bull The paper is the actual report of the work and contains all of the details on the background methods results and conclusions
Other papershellip
bull Every paper in the medical literature contains a list of references at the end
bull Databases such as MedLine
Well Informed Patient
You need to form a partnership with your doctor but such a partnership should be one between well-informed equals which is why you need to do your homework thoroughly first
Abstractshellip Pubmedbull Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular diseasebull Taylor RS Ashton KE Moxham T Hooper L Ebrahim Sbull Sourcebull Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry Universities of Exeter amp Plymouth Veysey Building Salmon Pool
Lane Exeter UK EX2 4SGbull Abstractbull BACKGROUND bull An earlier Cochrane review of dietary advice identified insufficient evidence to assess effects of reduced salt
intake on mortality or cardiovascular eventsbull OBJECTIVES bull 1 To assess the long term effects of interventions aimed at reducing dietary salt on mortality and cardiovascular
morbidity2 To investigate whether blood pressure reduction is an explanatory factor in any effect of such dietary interventions on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes
bull SEARCH STRATEGY bull The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews
of Effect (DARE)) MEDLINE EMBASE CINAHL and PsycInfo were searched through to October 2008 References of included studies and reviews were also checked No language restrictions were applied
bull SELECTION CRITERIA bull Trials fulfilled the following criteria (1) randomised with follow up of at least six-months (2) intervention was
reduced dietary salt (restricted salt dietary intervention or advice to reduce salt intake) (3) adults (4) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data was available Two reviewers independently assessed whether studies met these criteria
bull DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS bull Data extraction and study validity were compiled by a single reviewer and checked by a second Authors were
contacted where possible to obtain missing information Events were extracted and relative risks (RRs) and 95 CIs calculated
Papers
bull A paper could be an article published in a journal or proceedings of a seminar or conference
bull The paper is the actual report of the work and contains all of the details on the background methods results and conclusions
Other papershellip
bull Every paper in the medical literature contains a list of references at the end
bull Databases such as MedLine
Well Informed Patient
You need to form a partnership with your doctor but such a partnership should be one between well-informed equals which is why you need to do your homework thoroughly first
Papers
bull A paper could be an article published in a journal or proceedings of a seminar or conference
bull The paper is the actual report of the work and contains all of the details on the background methods results and conclusions
Other papershellip
bull Every paper in the medical literature contains a list of references at the end
bull Databases such as MedLine
Well Informed Patient
You need to form a partnership with your doctor but such a partnership should be one between well-informed equals which is why you need to do your homework thoroughly first
Other papershellip
bull Every paper in the medical literature contains a list of references at the end
bull Databases such as MedLine
Well Informed Patient
You need to form a partnership with your doctor but such a partnership should be one between well-informed equals which is why you need to do your homework thoroughly first
Well Informed Patient
You need to form a partnership with your doctor but such a partnership should be one between well-informed equals which is why you need to do your homework thoroughly first
