How will our newly independent country set up its government?

DEFINE : Republic , Federalism & Confederation

Three initial issues faced by delegates :1.How will the states be represented?

Population or Size?2. How will power be divided between

the states & national gov’t?3. How will the western territory be divided?

1. Each state = ONE VOTE

2. States unwilling to give up power to National gov’t.

• No national unity• Amendments required unanimous approval• No recognition of size or population (pie chart)

• No power to tax• No Executive • No Judicial• 9/13 to pass laws• No regulation of trade

Land Ordinance of 1785Gov’t survey of western lands. Divided in to townships & sections.

Congressional PowersDeclare WarCoin $$Sign Treaties

Northwest Ordinance of 1787Process for territories becomingStates. 3 Steps =

Showing survey boundaries

Significance of Shays Rebellion 1786, Mass

Call for Philadelphia mting 1787. Scrap the Articles TOO WEAK!!

Virginia Plan = MadisonBi-cameral

Based on Population

New Jersey Plan = PatersonUnicameral

Equal

Roger Sherman’s = GREAT COMPROMISEBi-cameral

Upper House / Senate = Equal (2)Lower House / House of Representatives = Population based

3/5’s CompromiseGood for the North Good for the South

Federalists

• Includes framers of the Constitution: George Washington James Madison Alexander Hamilton

Anti-Federalists

• Includes revolutionary heroes and leaders.

Patrick Henry Samuel Adams Richard Henry Lee

The Anti-Federalists• The Anti-Federalists opposed

having a strong government and were against ratifying the Constitution.

• The Anti-Federalists feared that strong central government would abuse their power.

• The Anti-federalists leading argument was

1. Whether a single government could manage the large affairs of a country

2. The constitution lacked protection for people’s individual rights.

• The Anti-Federalists received support from rural areas and large states with strong economies.

• Letters from the federal Farmer.– A book written by Richard

Henry Lee– He listed the rights the anti-

federalists believed should be protected such as: freedom of press and religion, guarantees against unreasonable searches of people and their homes, and the right to a trial by jury.

The Federalists• Supporters of the Constitution• Favored balance of power

between state and national government

• Believed balance of power would protect U.S from abuse by central government.

• Supported by urban areas and small states with weak economies that believed national trade regulation and a strong central government would help them.

• Federalists Papers Published 85 essays supporting Constitution

• Published between 1787 and 1788

• Published under the name of Publius which was really Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.

• Explained and analyzed the Constitution. Ex. Separation of powers and limits on power of majority.

• Encouraging support for the ratification of the Constitution!!