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How to Select a Journal Journal Impact Factor Research Ethics: Plagiarism Hinari, Agora and online search
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How  to  Select  a  Journal      

 Journal  Impact  Factor    

Research  Ethics:  Plagiarism    

Hinari,  Agora  and  online  search  

Parts  of  this  presenta?on  were  taken  from    

Science  Paper  Wri,ng  Workshop  Chris  Beadle,  Peter  Willadsen  (designed  by  Peter  Hairsine),  CSIRO    How  to  choose  a  journal  Kim  E.  Barre?  hAp://www.apsarchive.org/download.cfm?submissionID=6214      Journal  Impact  Factors  and  the  Author  h-­‐index  Ka@e  Newman  hAp://www.library.illinois.edu/biotech/docs/ImpactFactors.pdf  

On  Being  a  Scien,st:  A  Guide  to  Responsible  Conduct  in  Research:  Third  Edi?on  (2009)    hAp://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12192&page=15      

How  to  select  a  journal  •  More  than  21,000  peer-­‐reviewed  academic  journals  

•  New  journals  published  every  year  

•  Where  do  you  start?    

Why  does  it  maAer?  •  Online  access,  enhanced  search  capabili?es  and  indexing  vastly  expand  immediate  access  to  ar?cles  of  interest  

•  However,  the  journal  you  choose  s?ll  has  major  implica?ons  

•  Must  consider  – Audience  –  Type  of  paper  –  Impact  factor  –  Journal  scope  –  Cost  

How  to  start?  

•  Ask  yourself  “Who  would  be  interested  in  reading  this  paper?”  – Basic  scien?sts  vs.  policy  makers  – Specialists  vs.  generalists  

•  Assess  perceived  impact  – Earth-­‐shaAering;  of  broad  importance  –  Important  contribu?on  to  the  discipline  – Solid  work  but  of  limited  interest  – LPU  (least  publishable  unit)  

Na?onal  or  interna?onal  audience?  

•  Relevant  to  a  na?onal  audience  (local  researchers,  farmers,  extension  workers  or  policymakers)?      

•  Does  it  present  data  that  is  primarily  of  local  interest?      o  If  so,  consider  a  journal  whose  audience  is  na?onal  or  

regional  in  scope      OR      •  Does  the  ar?cle  deal  with  universal  themes  that  are  relevant  

to  audiences  all  over  the  world?      o  If  so,  consider  an  interna?onal,  well-­‐indexed  journal  

•  For  interna?onal  audience:  English  is  the  language  of  choice    

Audience  Selec?ng  your  journal:  what  audience  do  you  want  to  reach?  

An  example:  

Core  result:  The  exo?c  ?ck  R.  (Boophilus)  microplus  has  displaced  the  endemic  ?ck  R.  (Boophilus)  decoloratus  over  much  of  East  Africa  over  the  last  two  decades.    It  is  likely  to  bring  increased  threats  of  disease  transmission  and  pes?cide  resistance.  

Interna?onal  ecology  /  disease  journal  An  example  of  the  displacement  of  an  endemic  by  an  exo@c  species  with  implica@ons  for  disease  control.  

A  journal  on  African  livestock  produc?on  An  emerging  disease  threat  that  farmers  

need  to  know  about.  

An  (African)  public  policy  journal  A  new  and  possibly  very  damaging  threat  

that  will  require  policy  ac?on..  

For  each  of  these  op?ons  both  the  wri?ng  and  suppor?ng  informa?on  will  be  different.    Your  success  depends  on  recognising  this.      

Aim  

What  is  your  aim?  To  get  your  readers  to  use  the  contents  of  your  paper  for:    

•  Decision  making  •  Designing  their  own  experiments  •  Cita?on  in  their  own  research  

Type  of  paper  

What  type  of  paper  is  it?  •  Original  ar?cle  •  Review  paper  •  Commentary  •  Short  communica?on  or  ‘Technical  Note’    

When  to  choose  the  journal?  

•  As  soon  as  possible!  •  Definitely  before  you  start  to  write  – Format  issues  – Style  issues  – Scope  of  you  paper  

 

Strategy  for  choosing  

•  Are  your  ‘compe?tors’  publishing  in  these  journals?  –  Papers  cited  in  your  manuscript  –  Online  search  hAp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed  

•  Past  papers  from  the  research  group/lab?  •  Journal  scope  statements  –  Any  limita?ons?  See  Scope  on  journal  site  hAp://www.plosntds.org/sta?c/scope.ac?on    

•  Inquiry  to  editor  –  In  wri?ng  -­‐  with  brief  details  –  Does  not  imply  any  obliga?on  to  publish  

Addi?onal  considera?ons  

•  Length  restric?ons  – Many  journals  restrict  the  number  of  words  and/or  figures  

•  Color  figures  –  Costs  vary  widely  

•  Requirements  of  donor  –  e.g.,  NIH  regula?ons  require  publica?on  in  a  journal  that  provides  free  access  within  12  months  

Addi?onal  considera?ons  

•  Cost  of  publica?on  –  Submission  fees/author  fees  (Open  Access  model)  –  Page  charges  –  Reprint  costs  –  Fee  Waiver  

•  Availability  of  journal  –  Print  vs.  online  vs.  both  –  Available  through  Hinari  or  Agora?  –  Is  it  in  your  library?    If  not,  may  want  to  reconsider.  

Once  selected  get  the  style  guide  and  template  from  the  journal’s  homepage  and  use  it  in  this  workshop  

e.g.  Euphy?ca  hAp://www.springer.com/life+sciences/plant+sciences/journal/10681    

•  Instruc?ons  to  authors,  style  guide  •  Recent  examples  of  papers  •  Scope  •  Impact  factor  

•  Impact  Factor  (IF)  is  the  number  of  current  cita?ons  a  journal  receives  divided  by  the  number  of  ar?cles  published  in  the  two  preceding  years  

   •  See:  hAp://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/academic/impact_factor/  

 

Impact  factor  (IF)  

Journal  impact  factor  (IF)  

•  Discipline-­‐dependent  •  Medicine  has  high  level  of  networking,  so  high  impact  (e.g.  New  England  Journal  of  Medicine  =  45)  

•  Social  Science  has  low  level  of  networking,  so  low  impact    

•  Work  out  impact  threshold  you  want  to  achieve  

•  Euphy?ca  (Interna?onal  Journal  of  Plant  Breeding)      IF  =  1.597  

How  is  IF  calculated?  

E.g.,  the  2009  Impact  factor  for  the  journal  Cell  =      #  of  ?mes  ar?cles  or  other  items  published  in  Cell  in  2007  &  2008  

were  cited  in  indexed  journals*  in  2009  –––––––––-­‐––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––  

#  of  “citable”  ar?cles**  published  in  Cell  in  2007  &  2008          

 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ *Only  references  in  ar?cles  within  the  ~10,000  journals  indexed  in  Web  of  Science  are  counted;  does  not  include  cita?ons  that  may  cite  the  ar?cles  in  Cell  from  book  chapters,  proceedings,  or  other  journals  that  are  not  indexed  in  Web  of  Science     *  *  Citable  ar?cles  are  just  research  ar?cles  and  reviews  –  not  news  ar?cles,  commentary,  etc.  

How  is  IF  calculated?  

2009  Impact  factor  for  the  journal  Cell  =    Cites  in  2009  to  items  published  in  2008  +  2007    =        9533  +  12554  =  22087                Number  of  items  published  in  2008  +  2007      =            343  +  366          =          709      Impact    Factor  is  22087  ÷  709  =  31.152              

Where  next  if  your  paper  is  rejected?  

•  Decide  on  two  to  three  journals  at  the  ?me  of  ini?al  submission,  ranked  by  desirability  

•  Reformat  for  the  new  journal  –  very  important  –  Reference  format  –  Re-­‐wri?ng  may  be  needed  

Closing  thoughts  

•  Your  goal  should  be  to  publish  in  the  best  journal  for  your  work  and  for  your  audience  –  Not  necessarily  the  same  as  the  “best  journal”  

•  Picking  the  right  journal….  –  Increases  your  chance  of  geung  accepted  the  first  ?me  –  Increases  your  chance  of  having  your  work  read/cited  –  Increases  chances  that  your  research  will  have  impact  –  Advances  your  career  

Research  Ethics:  Respect  for  Intellectual  Property  

•  Do  not  use  unpublished  data,  methods,  or  results  without  permission.    

•  Give  proper  acknowledgement  or  credit  for  all  contribu?ons  to  research.    

•  Never  plagiarize  –  Plagiarism  is  the  appropria?on  of  another  person’s  ideas,  processes,  

results,  or  words  without  giving  appropriate  credit.    

   

Plagiarism  “If  you  copy  any  words  without  ci?ng  a  source,  then  it's  plagiarism.  You  can  paraphrase  a  source  (rewrite  it  with  your  own  words),  or  you  can  quote  directly  (correctly  using  quota?on  marks),  but  you  always  have  to  cite  the  source.  When  you're  paraphrasing,  if  two  or  three  words  are  the  same,  you're  probably  not  going  to  be  cited  for  plagiarism…    Here's  a  site  that  may  help  you  understand  beAer  what  cons?tutes  plagiarism:  hAp://www.plagiarism.org/  “    Source:  rockdahouse85,  hAp://answers.yahoo.com/ques?on/index?qid=20100708084442AAhTzUA      

Plagiarism  search  

etblast  hAp://etest.vbi.vt.edu/etblast3/    

Test:  “Trypanosomiasis,  a  disease  of  humans  and  animals  caused  by  several  species  of  trypanosomes  and  spread  by  tsetse  flies  is  a  major  constraint  to  livestock  produc?on  in  37  countries  within  the  Sub-­‐Saharan  region.”    

Outline  of  presenta?on  

•  Importance  of  journal  selec?on  •  Timing  of  choice  •  Strategies  for  selec?ng  a  journal  – Where  to  start  – Nuts  and  bolts  – Other  considera?ons  

•  A  word  about  impact  factors  •  What  to  do  if  your  paper  is  rejected  from  your  first  (or  second…)  choice  journal  

•  hAp://www.who.int/hinari/en/    •  Set  up  by  WHO  with  major  publishers  •  Enables  developing  countries  to  gain  access  to  one  of  the  world's  largest  collec?ons  of  biomedical  and  health  literature  

•  More  than  8,000  digital  informa?on  resources  (in  30  different  languages)  

•  hAp://www.aginternetwork.org/en/    •  Set  up  by  FAO  with  major  publishers  •  Enables  developing  countries  to  access  a    digital  library  collec?on  (1900  journals)    –  Food  –  Agriculture  –  Environmental  science  –  Related  social  sciences  

•  Ins?tu?ons  in  107  countries  

Online  search  

•  Google  (All  disciplines)  •  Google  Scholar  scholar.google.com  (All)  •  Pubmed  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed  (Life  sciences)  

•  Scirus  www.scirus.com  (All)  •  Na?onal  Agricultural  Library  (AGRICOLA)  agricola.nal.usda.gov  (Agriculture)  

Thank  you  

Defini?ons  

•  a  cita,on  is  a  reference  to  a  published  or  unpublished  source    

 •  Science  Cita,on  Index  is  a  list  of  scien?fic  texts  from  all  over  the  world.  For  each  scien?fic  paper,  it  has  informa?on  about  the  author,  the  ?tle,  the  subject,  etc.  All  this  informa?on  is  taken  from  thousands  of  scien?fic  journals.  Science  Cita?on  Index  is  made  by  the  Ins?tute  for  Scien?fic  Informa?on.  


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