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HP-UX

SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION


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INTRODUCTIONTO

UNIX


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Primarily influenced by Multics

First version of UNIX developed by Ken Thompson

in 1969 on DEC PDP for business, scientific and industrial users

Originally written in Assembly language for PDP-7

Transportability facilitated by Thompson in B Language

B modified by Richie as C Language

Thompson and others wrote Unix in C in 1980 to be

able to port on any computer


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FEATURES OF UNIX

Multitasking

Multiuser

On line help

Communication and Electronic mail


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FEATURES OF UNIX CONTINUES...

Available on micros, minis and mainframes

Hierarchical file system

Library of application software


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SYSTEM CONCEPTS


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KERNEL

SHELL

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

UNIX

Kernel

Shell

Applications


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KERNEL is the heart of the UNIX operating system. It is nextto the hardware. It is responsible for scheduling tasks and

managing data storage

SHELL is the command interpreter. It is an interface between

the user and the kernel.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE are the specific capabilitiesadded on to the operating system


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BOURNE

prompt - ($)-> DEFAULT SHELL

C

prompt - (%)-> HAS SYNTAXSIMILAR TO C LANGUAGE

KORN

prompt - ($)-> BOURNE + ALIASING,HISTORY, ETC.

SHELLS


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Introducing The File System Paradigm

OS Application

User System

Executables

Archived Shared

Binary Data

Libraries System Startup

Static Files

OS Application

Configuration

OS Application

Temporary User

Dynamic Files

Introducing the File System Paradigm


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The File System Layout

app1 app2

/opt /var /usr /sbin /etc /stand /tmp /dev /mnt /var

/root


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System Administrator Roles

Startup and shutdown.

User and Group management.

Disk management.

Software management.

Printer management.

Network management.

Batch jobs.

Backup & Restore.


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System Administrator Roles contd....

Application Installation

Patch Administration

Disaster Recovery


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SYSTEM STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN


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SYSTEM STARTUP & SHUTDOWN

INIT

To put the system in a particular run level

REBOOT

To reboot or halt the system.

-r : reboot the system and put it in multi user mode.

-h : to halt the system.

SHUTDOWN

To shutdown or reboot the system.

-r : to reboot the system

-h : to halt the system

User should have root privileges.


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USER ADMINISTRATION


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USER AND GROUP MANAGEMENT

Create a user:

#useradd [-u uid] [-g gid] [-d dir] [-s shell] [-c comment] login-name

#mkdir /home/login-name

#chown login-name:group /home/login-name

#passwd login-name

Defaults :

-u : next uid.

-g : 20 (users)

-d : /home/login-name-s : /bin/sh (Bourne shell)

-c : NULL


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USER AND GROUP MANAGEMENT contd...

Delete a user:

#userdel [-r] login-name

-r : to remove the home directory.

Modify a user:

#usermod [-u uid] [-g gid] [-d dir] [-s shell] [-l new-login-name] login-name

Note:- At least one option should be specified

Change Passwd:

#passwd [login-name]


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Create a Group:

#groupadd [-g gid] group-name

Default is next available GID.

Delete a Group:

#groupdel group-name

Modify a Group:

#groupmod [-g gid] [-n new-name] group-name

USER AND GROUP MANAGEMENT contd...


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DISK MANAGEMENT


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Types of Disk management:

Hard Partitions

Logical Volume Manager (LVM)


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DISK MANAGEMENT contd..

LVM objects:

Physical Volume : The physical hard-disk.

Volume Group : Logical group of physical volumes.

Logical Volume : One partition of a volume group.

Physical Extent : The smallest addressable unit of physical volume.

Logical Extent : The smallest addressable unit of logical volume.

Physical Volume Path :The way through which system is accessing the disk.


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Physical Volume Commands:

pvcreate : Create physical volume for use in LVM

pvremove : Remove LVM data structure from a physical volume

pvchange : Change characteristics and access path of physical volume

pvmove : Move allocated physical extents from one LVM physical

volume to other physical volumes

pvdisplay : Display information about physical volumes within LVM


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Volume Group Commands :

vgcreate - create volume group

Ex: vgcreate /dev/vg00 /dev/dsk/c3t0d0

vgremove - remove volume group definition from the system.Ex: vgremove /dev/vg02

vgchange - set volume group availability

Ex: vgchange -a y /dev/vg03

vgdisplay - display information about volume groups

Ex: vgdisplay -v /dev/vg02


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vgreduce - remove physical volumes from an volume group

Ex: vgreduce /dev/vg01 /dev/dsk/c0t1d0

vgextend - extend an volume group by adding physical volumes

Ex: vgextend /dev/vg03 /dev/dsk/c1t4d0

vgscan - scan physical volumes for volume groups

Ex: vgscan -v

vgexport - export volume group and its associated logical

volumes

Ex: vgexport -m vg01.mymap /dev/vg01


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vgimport - import an volume group onto the system

Ex: vgimport -v /dev/vg01 /dev/dsk/c0t1d0

vgcfgbackup - create or update LVM volume group configuration

backup file

Ex: vgcfgbackup -f /tmp/vg00.backup vg00

vgcfgrestore - display or restore LVM volume group configuration

from file.Ex: vgcfgrestore -n /dev/vg00 /dev/rdsk/c0t7d0


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Logical Volume Commands :

lvcreate - Create logical volume in LVM volume group.Ex: lvcreate -L 100 -n test /dev/vg03

lvremove -Remove one or more logical volumes from

volume group.Ex: lvremove -f /dev/vg01/lvol5

lvextend - Increase space, increase mirrors for logical

volume.

Ex: lvextend -L 400 /dev/vg01/lvol4

Ex: lvextend -m 1 /dev/vg01/lvol5


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Logical Volume Commands :

lvreduce - Decrease space allocation or the number of mirror

copies of logical volumes.

Ex: lvreduce -L 100 /dev/vg01/lvol3

Ex: lvreduce -m 0 /dev/vg01/lvol5

lvdisplay - Display information about LVM logical volumes

Ex: lvdisplay -v /dev/vg01/lvol3

lvchange - change LVM logical volume characteristics

Ex: lvchange -p r /dev/vg01/lvol3


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File System Management

Types of file systems:

HFS ( High performance File System )

VxFS ( Veritas Filesystem )

CDFS ( CD-ROM File System )

NFS ( Network File System )

LOFS ( Loopback File System )


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Filesystem Tasks:

newfs - Construct a new file systemEx: newfs -F hfs /dev/rdsk/c1t0d2

tunefs - Tune up an existing HFS file system

fsck - File system consistency check and interactive repair

Ex: fsck -p /dev/vg00/rlovl1

mount - Mount file systems

Ex: mount -F hfs /dev/dsk/c1t2d0 /home

umount - Unmount a file system

Ex: umount /dev/dsk/c1t2d0


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SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT


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swlist - display information about software products

Ex: swlist - List all of the products installed

Ex: swlist -i -d @ /tmp/depot Use interactive swlist to view a depot

Ex: swlist -d @ /dev/rmt/0m List the contents of the local tape.

Ex: swlist -s /dev/rmt/0m List the contents of the local tape

Ex: swlist -l depot @ hostA List all depots on a host:


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Swinstall install and configure software products

Ex: swinstall To invoke an interactive session of swinstall

Ex: swinstall -i -s sw_server cc PascalSelect the C and Pascal products from the network source

software server (sw_server) and start an interactive session

Ex: swinstall -s /dev/rmt/0 \*

Install all products from the cartridge tape /dev/rmt/0


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Swremove - Unconfigure and remove software products

Ex: swremove -p cc pascal

Preview the remove of the C and Pascal products

installed at the local host.

Ex: swremove -d * @ /var/spool/sw

Remove the entire contents of a local depot

Ex:swremove Omniback,l/opt/Omniback_v2.0

Remove a particular version of HP Omniback


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swcopy - Copy software products for subsequent installationor distribution

Ex: swcopy Invoke an interactive session of swcopy

Ex: swcopy -i -s hostX

Invoke an interactive session, using default depot at

hostX as the source.

Ex: swcopy -s /dev/rmt/0m \*Copy all products from the cartridge tape /dev/rmt/0m

to the default depot on the local host


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PRINTER ADMINISTRATION


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Adding a Local Printer to the LP Spooler

lpshut - Stop the LP spooler

lpadmin -pchk_printer -v/dev/lp -mhp2934a -g7

Add the printer to the LP spooler

accept chk_printer

Allow print requests to be accepted for the newly added printer

enable chk_printerEnable the newly added printer to process print requests

lpsched - Restart the LP spooler:


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Adding a Remote Printer to the LP Spooler

lpadmin -plocal_printer -v /dev/null -mrmodel \> -ormremote_machine -orpremote_dest -ocmrcmodel -

osmrsmodel


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Removing a Printer from the LP Spooler

lpshut - Stop the LP spooler.

reject -r"Use alternate printer." laser1

Deny any further print requests for the printer

lpstat -o laser1

Determine if there are any jobs in the printer's queue

disable -r"Printer laser1 is disabled." laser1

Disable the printer to be removed


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Removing a Printer from the LP Spooler contd...

lpadmin -xlaser1

Remove the printer from the LP spooler

lpsched - Restart the LP spooler.

Note:

lpmove laser1 laser2

lpcancel laser1

If there are jobs in the printer's queue decide whether tomove all pending print requests in the request directory

to another printer request directory or to cancel any requests.

Date post:	14-Apr-2018
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