Hspa Seminar

7/29/2019 Hspa Seminar

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High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) seminar report, abstract

High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), an introduction

The term, HSPA refers to the latest entrant in mobile data transfer. High Speed Packet

Access is also universally known as3G.This technology is made up of two different

technologies-High Speed Download Access and High Speed Upload Access. HSPA offersmobile phone and cell phone users access to speeds up to fourteen megabits per

second.

Uses Of HSPA Technology

Faster Connection Via Mobile Browsers - Mobile browsers can now connect to any

website. The HSPA technology allows the user to view every page, irrespective of

its size or richness of content.

Faster Audio And Video Streaming - Users now watch videos, television shows

and listen to music, without experiencing any time lags.

Faster Gaming - The biggest benefactor is the mobile gaming industry. Media-richand Multi-player games can be easily accessed via mobile phones which use HSPA

technology.

Benefits Of HSPA Technology

Better Real-Time Access - At the overall lag time is reduced; there has been an

increase in the usage of real-time mobile applications.

Better Data Uploads And Downloads - Since the speeds available are high, users

upload or download any information. Delays in transfer of data are no longer an

issue. Better Productivity - The combination of low lag time and high speeds allows

users to conduct all their business transactions via their mobile phone, thus

increasing their productivity.

Disadvantages Of HSPA Technology

Network Strength - Areas with poor network, reduce the overall performance.

User Strength - If, many users are using the3G network, overall speeds will

reduce significantly.

Better And Cheaper Technologies Available - The market today has technologiescheaper and faster in comparison to HSPA.

High Speed Packet AccessFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

High Speed Packet Access (HSPA)[1]

is an amalgamation of twomobile telephonyprotocols, High Speed

Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), that extends and

improves the performance of existing 3rd

generation mobile telecommunication networks utilizing

theWCDMAprotocols. A further improved3GPPstandard,Evolved HSPA(also known as HSPA+), was
http://www.collegelib.com/t-3g-vs-wifi-wireless-internet-access.htmlhttp://www.collegelib.com/t-3g-vs-wifi-wireless-internet-access.htmlhttp://www.collegelib.com/t-3g-vs-wifi-wireless-internet-access.htmlhttp://www.collegelib.com/t-3g-vs-wifi-wireless-internet-access.htmlhttp://www.collegelib.com/t-3g-vs-wifi-wireless-internet-access.htmlhttp://www.collegelib.com/t-3g-vs-wifi-wireless-internet-access.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSDPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSDPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSDPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSUPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSUPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSUPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-CDMA_(UMTS)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-CDMA_(UMTS)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-CDMA_(UMTS)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolved_HSPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolved_HSPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolved_HSPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolved_HSPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-CDMA_(UMTS)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSUPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSDPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#cite_note-1http://www.collegelib.com/t-3g-vs-wifi-wireless-internet-access.htmlhttp://www.collegelib.com/t-3g-vs-wifi-wireless-internet-access.html


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released late in 2008 with subsequent worldwide adoption beginning in 2010. The newer standard allows

bit-rates to reach as high as 168 Mbit/s in the downlink and 22 Mbit/s in the uplink.

Contents

[hide]

1 Overview

2 High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)

3 High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)

4 Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+)

5 Dual-carrier HSDPA (DC-HSDPA)

6 Dual-carrier HSUPA (DC-HSUPA)

7 Multi-carrier HSPA (MC-HSPA)

8 See also

9 References

10 Further reading

11 External links

Overview[edit source|editbeta]

The first HSPA specifications supported increased peak data rates of up to 14 Mbit/s in the downlink and

5.76 Mbit/s in the uplink. It also reduced latency and provided up to five times more system capacity in thedownlink and up to twice as much system capacity in the uplink compared with original WCDMA protocols.

These improvements are achieved in several ways:

Shared-channel transmission, which results in efficient use of available code and power resources in

WCDMA

A shorter transmission time interval (TTI), which reduces round-trip time and improves the tracking of

fast channel variations

Link adaptation, which maximizes channel usage and enables the base station to operate at close tomaximum cell power

Fast scheduling, which prioritizes users with the most favorable channel conditions

Fast retransmission and soft-combining, which further increase capacity

16-QAM and 64-QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation), which yields higher bit-rates

MIMO, which exploits antenna diversity to provide further improvements in bit-rates and system

capacity.

By July 2010, HSPA had been commercially deployed by over 200 operators in more than 80 countries.

High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)[edit source|editbeta]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Overviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Overviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#High_Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access_.28HSDPA.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#High_Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access_.28HSDPA.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#High_Speed_Uplink_Packet_Access_.28HSUPA.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#High_Speed_Uplink_Packet_Access_.28HSUPA.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access_.28HSPA.2B.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access_.28HSPA.2B.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Dual-carrier_HSDPA_.28DC-HSDPA.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Dual-carrier_HSDPA_.28DC-HSDPA.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Dual-carrier_HSUPA_.28DC-HSUPA.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Dual-carrier_HSUPA_.28DC-HSUPA.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Multi-carrier_HSPA_.28MC-HSPA.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Multi-carrier_HSPA_.28MC-HSPA.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrature_amplitude_modulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrature_amplitude_modulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrature_amplitude_modulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrature_amplitude_modulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Multi-carrier_HSPA_.28MC-HSPA.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Dual-carrier_HSUPA_.28DC-HSUPA.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Dual-carrier_HSDPA_.28DC-HSDPA.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access_.28HSPA.2B.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#High_Speed_Uplink_Packet_Access_.28HSUPA.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#High_Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access_.28HSDPA.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#Overviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access


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Main article:HSDPA

The first step required to upgrade WCDMA to HSPA is to improve the downlink by introducing HSDPA. The

improved downlink provides up to 14 Mbit/s with significantly reduced latency. The improvement in speed

and latency reduces the cost per bit and enhances support for high-performance packet data applications.

HSDPA is based on shared channel transmission and its key features are shared channel and multi-code

transmission,higher-order modulation, short transmission time interval (TTI), fast link adaptation and

scheduling along with fast hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ).

The upgrade to HSDPA is often just a software update for most WCDMA networks, and as of May 2008 90

percent of WCDMA networks have been upgraded to HSDPA.[2]

Voice calls are usually prioritized over data transfer.

Singapore'sthree network providersM1,StarHubandSingTelprovide up to 28 Mbit/s throughout the entire

island. TheAustralianproviderTelstraprovides up to 14.4 Mbit/s nationwide and up to 42Mbit/s in selected

areas. TheCroatianVIPnetnetwork supports a downlink speed of 7.2 Mbit/s, as doesRogers

WirelessinCanadawhich also supports 21 Mbit/s in the Toronto area.[3]

InSouth Korea, a nationwide 7.2

Mbit/s coverage is now established bySK TelecomandKTF. InHong Kong,PCCW,CSLandHutchinson

3provide 21 Mbit/s coverage and [], InIndiaBPL,MTSandTata DoCoMoprovide speed of 21.1 Mbit/s

nationwide whileRelianceADAE provides speeds up to 28.8 Mbit/s nationwide.Sri Lankancompanies

likeMobitel,Etisalatprovides up to 42Mbit/s andDialog,AirtelandHutchprovides 7.2 Mbit/s.

High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)[edit source|editbeta]

Main article:HSUPA

The second major step in the WCDMA upgrade process is to upgrade the uplink, which is introduced

in3GPPRelease 6. Upgrading to HSUPA is usually only a software update. Enhanced Uplink adds a new

transport channel to WCDMA, called the Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH). An enhanced uplink

creates opportunities for a number of new applications including VoIP, uploading pictures and sending

large e-mail messages. The enhanced uplink increases the data rate (up to 5.8 Mbit/s), the capacity, and

also reduces latency. The enhanced uplink features several improvements similar to those of HSDPA,

including multi-code transmission, short Transmission Time Interval (TTI), fast scheduling and fast Hybrid

Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ).

In Singapore,Starhubannounced a 1.9 Mbit/s HSUPA Service as part of its new MaxMobile plan on 1

August 2007.[4]

In Finland,Elisaannounced on 30 August 2007 1.4 Mbit/s HSUPA to most large cities with

plans to add the service to its whole 3G network within months.[5]

(The same announcement contained a

promise of covering 25% more of Finland by the end of the year, which actually took two more years to

accomplish).3 ItaliaandEricssonannounced on 16 July 2008 the successful tests of HSUPA 5.8 Mbit/s in

the live network of 3 Italia.[6]In Haiti, NATCOM, the former public company now operated by Viettel from

Vietnam, offers up to 7.2 Mbit/s nationwide.
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pedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Oyjhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Oyjhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Oyjhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutchison_3Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutchison_3Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutchison_3Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ericssonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ericssonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ericssonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ericssonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutchison_3Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisa_Oyjhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starhubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HARQhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSUPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutch_Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialog_Axiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etisalat_(Sri_Lanka)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobitel_(Sri_Lanka)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_Communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_DoCoMohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTS_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutchison_3Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutchison_3Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_CSL_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCCWhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Konghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SK_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogers_Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogers_Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIPnethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telstrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SingTelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StarHubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MobileOnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher-order_modulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSDPA


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HSPA: High Speed Packet AccessHSPA - High Speed Packet Access is the most widely deployed mobile broadband

technology in the world today and will build upon the more than 6 billion connections

with the GSM family of technologies. HSPA is the terminology used when

bothHSDPA(3GPP Release 5) andHSUPA(3GPP Release 6) technologies are

deployed on a network. HSPA Evolved (HSPA+ in 3GPP Release 7 and beyond) is also

part of the HSPA technology and extends an operators investment in the network

before the next step to 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE, or 3GPP Release 8 and

beyond). HSPA builds on third generation (3G)UMTS/WCDMAand is strongly

positioned as the leading mobile data technology for the foreseeable future.

Globally, there are more than478 commercial networkswith HSPA in more than 181 countries as of October 2012. .

Initial HSPA networks offered 3.6 Mbps peak downlink rates with the bulk of the remainder offering 7.2

Mbps; however, continued progress by vendors and leading innovative operators, allows for HSPA networks capableof peak bit-rates of 14.4 Mbps. The majority of HSPA networks are offering peak rates at 14.4 Mbps unless they

have migrated to the next level ofHSPA+. The first HSPA+ networks using 64 QAM modulation and offering 21 Mbps

are also in operation. The use of higher order modulation schemes (from 16 QAM up to 64 QAM), along

withMIMOtechnology, which takes HSPA into HSPA+ or evolved HSPA was developed in 3GPP Release 7.

Propelling the strong growth is a strong selection of devices supporting HSPA. Already, as of October 2012, there

were more than 3847 commercial HSPA devices available worldwide from more than 285 suppliers (Source: GSA).

Whereas HSDPA optimizes downlink performance, HSUPA uses the Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH) for a set

of improvements that optimizes uplink performance. Networks and devices supporting HSUPA became available in

2007 and the combined improvements in the uplink and downlink are called HSPA. These improvements include

higher throughputs, reduced latency and increased spectral efficiency. HSUPA (HSPA) is standardized in Release 6

and results in an approximated 85 percent increase in overall cell throughput on the uplink and more than 50 percent

gain in user throughput. HSUPA also reduces packet delays, a significant benefit resulting in significantly improved

application performance on HSPA networks.

In current deployments, HSPA users regularly experience throughput rates well in excess of 1 Mbps under favorable

conditions, on both downlinks and uplinks, with 4 Mbps downlink speed commonly measured; planned enhancements

will double peak user-achievable throughput rates.

Beyond throughput enhancements, HSPA also significantly reduces latency. In optimized networks, latency will fall

below 50 milliseconds (ms), relative to current HSDPA networks at 70 ms. And with a later HSPA introduction of 2

ms Transmission Time Interval (TTI), latency will be as low as 30 ms.

HSPA gives carriers an efficient mobile broadband technology that can evolve to HSPA+ to meet the advanced

wireless needs of customers. To leverage operator investments in HSPA and enhance the quality of service across

networks, 3GPP finalized Release 7 and Release 8, which specify a series of enhancements to create HSPA+. Also,

HSPA Information

HSPA: Q&A

White Papers

Presentations

Global 3G Status Update

HSDPA

HSUPA

HSPA+

GSMA- Mobile Broadband
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3GPP examined further specifications in Release 9. HSPA+ employs many of the techniques utilized forLTE.

HSPA (high speed packet access)

HSPA (high speed packet access) is a third-generation (3G) mobile broadbandcommunications technology.

The term HSPA actually refers to two specific protocols used in tandem, high speed

downlink packet access (HSDPA) and high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA). HSPA

networks offer a maximum of 14.4 megabytes per second (MBps) ofthroughputper cell.

An improved version of high speed packet access technology, known as Evolved HSPA,

offers 42 Mbps of throughput per cell. By using dual cell deployment andmultiple input,

multiple outputarchitecture, HSPA+ networks can achieve maximum throughput of 168

Mbps overall.

TheInternational Telecommunication Unionrecognized HSPA+ as a fourth-generation (4G)

technology in December 2010. HSPA+, however, offers significantly slower speeds than the

predominant 4G standard, long term evolution (LTE).

RELATED GLOSSARY TERMS:OTA update (over-the-air update),mobile device fragmentation,Mobile

service provider,LTE-Advanced (Long Term Evolution-Advanced),3G card

Abstract of HSPA

The High Speed Packet Access technology is the most widely used mobile broadband technology incommunication world. It was already built in more than 3.8 billion connection with GSM family of

technologies. The HSPA technology is referred to both High Speed Downlink Packet Access (3GPP

Release 5) and to High Speed Uplink Packet Access (3GPP Release 6).

The Evolved HSPA technology or HSPA + is the evolution of HSPA that extends operatorsinvestments before the next generations technology 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE or 3GPPRelease 8). The HSPA technology is implemented on third generation (3G) UMTS/WCDMA network

and accepted as the leader in mobile data communication.

Using the HSDPA optimization on downlink is performed, whereas the HSUPA technology applying

Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH) sets some improvements for the uplink performance

optimization. The products that support HSUPA became available in 2007 and the combination of

both HSDPA and HSUPA were called HSPA. Adopting these technologies the throughput, latencyand spectral efficiency were improved.

Introducing HSPA resulted to the increase of overall throughput approximately to 85 % on the uplink

and a rise more than 50 % in user throughput. The HSPA downlink available rates are 1 to 4 Mbps

and for the uplink are 500 kbps to 2Mbps as of 1 quarter of 2009. The theoretical bit rates are 14Mbps

at the downlink and 5.8 Mbps at the uplink in a 5MHz channel. Besides, the latency is notably

reduced as well. In the improved network, the latency is less than 50ms, and after the introduction of

XX2ms Transmission Time Interval (TTI) latency is expected to be just 30ms.

High-Speed Downlink Packet Access

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) is an enhanced3G(third generation)mobile

telephonycommunications protocolin theHigh-Speed Packet Access(HSPA) family, also dubbed 3.5G,

3G+ or turbo 3G, which allows networks based onUniversal Mobile Telecommunications System(UMTS)

to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. Current HSDPA deployments support down-link speeds

of up to 42.2Mbit/s. Further speed increases are available withHSPA+, which provides speeds of up to

337.5 Mbit/s with Release 11 of the3GPPstandards.[1]

Contents

[hide]

1 Technology

o 1.1 High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel

o 1.2 Hybrid automatic repeat-request (HARQ)

o 1.3 Fast packet scheduling

o 1.4 Adaptive modulation and coding

o 1.5 Dual-Cell

o 1.6 Other improvements

2 User Equipment (UE) categories

3 Roadmap

4 Adoption

o 4.1 Marketing as mobile broadband

5 See also

6 References

7 Further reading

8 External links

Technology[edit source|editbeta]

High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel[edit source|editbeta]

For HSDPA, a newtransport layerchannel,High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel(HS-DSCH), has been

added to UMTS release 5 and further specification. It is implemented by introducing three newphysical

layerchannels: HS-SCCH, HS-DPCCH and HS-PDSCH. The High Speed-Shared Control Channel (HS-

SCCH) informs the user that data will be sent on the HS-DSCH, 2 slots ahead. The Uplink High Speed-

Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH) carries acknowledgment information and current

channel quality indicator (CQI) of the user. This value is then used by the base station to calculate how

much data to send to the user devices on the next transmission. The High Speed-Physical Downlink

Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH) is the channel to which the above HS-DSCH transport channel is mapped

that carries actual user data.
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Hybrid automatic repeat-request (HARQ)[edit source|editbeta]

Data is transmitted together with error correction bits. Minor errors can thus be corrected without

retransmission; seeforward error correction.

If retransmission is needed, the user device saves the packet and later combines it with retransmitted

packet to recover the error-free packet as efficiently as possible. Even if the retransmitted packets are

corrupted, their combination can yield an error-free packet. Retransmitted packet may be either identical

(chase combining) or different from the first transmission (incremental redundancy).

Since HARQ retransmissions are processed at the physical layer, their 12 ms round-trip time is much lower

compared to higher layer retransmissions.

Fast packet scheduling[edit source|editbeta]

The HS-DSCH downlink channel is shared between users using channel-dependent scheduling to makethe best use of available radio conditions. Each user device continually transmits an indication of the

downlink signal quality, as often as 500 times per second. Using this information from all devices, the base

station decides which users will be sent data in the next 2 ms frame and how much data should be sent for

each user. More data can be sent to users which report high downlink signal quality.

The amount of the channelisation code tree, and thus network bandwidth, allocated to HSDPA users is

determined by the network. The allocation is "semi-static" in that it can be modified while the network is

operating, but not on a frame-by-frame basis. This allocation represents a trade-off between bandwidth

allocated for HSDPA users, versus that for voice and non-HSDPA data users. The allocation is in units ofchannelisation codes for Spreading Factor 16, of which 16 exist and up to 15 can be allocated to the HS-

DSCH. When the base station decides which users will receive data in the next frame, it also decides which

channelisation codes will be used for each user. This information is sent to the user on one of up to 4 HS-

SCCHs, which are not part of the HS-DSCH allocation previously mentioned, but are allocated separately.

Thus, for a given 2 ms frame, data may be sent to a number of users simultaneously, using different

channelisation codes.

Adaptive modulation and coding[edit source|editbeta]

The modulation scheme and coding are changed on a per-user basis, depending on signal quality and cell

usage. The initial scheme isquadrature phase-shift keying(QPSK), but in good radio conditions

16QAMand 64QAMcan significantly increase data throughput rates. With 5 Code allocation, QPSK

typically offers up to 1.8 Mbit/s peak data rates, while 16QAM offers up to 3.6 Mbit/s. Additional codes (e.g.

10, 15) can also be used to improve these data rates or extend the network capacity throughput

significantly.

Dual-Cell[edit source|editbeta]

Dual Cell (DC-)HSDPA, known also as Dual Carrier, is the natural evolution ofHSPAby means of carrier

aggregation in the downlink.[2]

UMTS licenses are often issued as 10 or 15 MHz paired spectrum
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_error_correctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_error_correctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_error_correctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_automatic_repeat_requesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_automatic_repeat_requesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_automatic_repeat_requesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_automatic_repeat_requesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_automatic_repeat_requesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_automatic_repeat_requesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrature_phase-shift_keyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrature_phase-shift_keyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrature_phase-shift_keyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Packet_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Packet_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Packet_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Packet_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrature_phase-shift_keyinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_automatic_repeat_requesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_automatic_repeat_requesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_error_correctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=3


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allocations. The basic idea of the multicarrier feature is to achieve better resource utilization and spectrum

efficiency by means of joint resource allocation and load balancing across the downlink carriers.

An advanced HSPA network can theoretically support up to 28 Mbit/s and 42.2 Mbit/s with a single 5 MHz

carrier for Rel7 (MIMO with 16QAM) and Rel8 (64-QAM+MIMO), in good channel conditions with lowcorrelation between transmit antennas. An alternative method to double the data rates is to double the

bandwidth to 10 MHz (i.e. 25 MHz) by using DC-HSDPA. Additionally, some diversity and joint scheduling

gains can also be expected[3]

with improved QoS for end users in poor environment conditions where

existing techniques such as MIMO spatial multiplexing cannot be used to increase data rates. In 3GPP a

study item was completed in June 2008. The outcome can be found in technical report 25.825 .[4]

New

HSDPAUser Equipment categories 21-24have been introduced that support DC-HSDPA. DC-HSDPA can

support up to 42.2 Mbit/s, but unlikeHSPA, it does not need to rely on MIMO transmission.

From Release 9 onwards it will be possible to use DC-HSDPA in combination with MIMO used on both

carriers.[5]

This will allow theoretical speed of up to 84.4 Mbit/s.

The support of MIMO in combination with DC-HSDPA will allow operators deploying Release 7 MIMO to

benefit from the DC-HSDPA functionality as defined in Release 8. While in Release 8 DC-HSDPA can only

operate on adjacent carriers, Release 9 also allows that the paired cells can operate on two different

frequency bands. Future releases will allow the use of up to four carriers simultaneously.

Other improvements[edit source|editbeta]

HSDPA is part of the UMTS standards since release 5, which also accompanies an improvement on the

uplink providing a new bearer of 384 kbit/s. The previous maximum bearer was 128 kbit/s.

As well as improving data rates, HSDPA also decreaseslatencyand so theround trip timefor applications.

In later 3GPP specification releases HSPA+ increases data rates further by adding 64QAM

modulation,MIMOandDual-Cell HSDPAoperation, i.e. two 5 MHz carriers are used simultaneously.

User Equipment (UE) categories[edit source|editbeta]

HSDPA comprises various versions with different data speeds. In 2009 the most common devices are

category 6 (3.6 Mbit/s) and category 8 (7.2 Mbit/s) with retail prices around 60 euros without subscription.

The following table is derived from table 5.1a of the release 11 of 3GPP TS 25.306[6]

and shows maximum

data rates of different device classes and by what combination of features they are achieved. The per-cell

per-stream data rate is limited by the Maximum number of bits of an HS-DSCH transport block received

within an HS-DSCH TTIand the Minimum inter-TTI interval. The TTI is 2 ms. So for example Cat 10 can

decode 27952 bits/2 ms = 13.976 MBit/s (and not 14.4 MBit/s as often claimed incorrectly). Categories 1-4

and 11 have inter-TTI intervals of 2 or 3, which reduces the maximum data rate by that factor. Dual-Cell

and MIMO 2x2 each multiply the maximum data rate by 2, because multiple independent transport blocks

are transmitted over different carriers or spatial streams, respectively. The data rates given in the table are

rounded to one decimal point.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-QAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-QAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-QAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#User_Equipment_.28UE.29_categorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#User_Equipment_.28UE.29_categorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#User_Equipment_.28UE.29_categorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-Nomor-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-Nomor-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-Nomor-5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latency_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latency_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latency_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round_trip_timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round_trip_timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round_trip_timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-Cell_HSDPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-Cell_HSDPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-Cell_HSDPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-Cell_HSDPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round_trip_timehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latency_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-Nomor-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#User_Equipment_.28UE.29_categorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-QAM


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3GPP

ReleaseCategory

Max. number

of

HS-DSCH

codes

Modulation[note 1]

MIMO, Multi-Cell

Code rateat

max. data

rate[note 2]

Max. data

rate

[Mbit/s][note 3]

Release 5 1 5 16-QAM .76 1.2

Release 5 2 5 16-QAM .76 1.2

Release 5 3 5 16-QAM .76 1.8

Release 5 4 5 16-QAM .76 1.8

Release 5 5 5 16-QAM .76 3.6

Release 5 6 5 16-QAM .76 3.6

Release 5 7 10 16-QAM .75 7.2

Release 5 8 10 16-QAM .76 7.2

Release 5 9 15 16-QAM .70 10.1

Release 5 10 15 16-QAM .97 14.0

Release 5 11 5 QPSK .76 0.9

Release 5 12 5 QPSK .76 1.8

Release 7 13 15 64-QAM .82 17.6

Release 7 14 15 64-QAM .98 21.1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16-QAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16-QAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QPSKhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QPSKhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-QAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-QAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-QAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QPSKhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16-QAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-7


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Release 7 15 15 16-QAM MIMO2x2 .81 23.4

Release 7 16 15 16-QAM MIMO 2x2 .97 28.0

Release 7 19 15 64-QAM MIMO 2x2 .82 35.3

Release 7 20 15

64-QAM

16-QAM

(MIMO)

MIMO 2x2 .98 28

Release 8 21 15 16-QAM Dual-Cell .81 23.4




Release 9 25 15 16-QAMDual-Cell + MIMO

2x2.81 46.7


2x2.97 55.9


2x2.82 70.6


2x2.98 84.4

Release 10 29 15 64-QAM Triple-Cell .98 63.3

Release 10 30 15 64-QAMTriple-Cell + MIMO

2x2.98 126.6

Release 10 31 15 64-QAM Quad-Cell .98 84.4

Release 10 32 15 64-QAMQuad-Cell + MIMO

2x2.98 168.8

Release 11 33 15 64-QAM Hexa-Cell .98 126.6
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-Cell_HSDPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-Cell_HSDPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-Cell_HSDPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMO


11/20

Release 11 34 15 64-QAMHexa-Cell + MIMO

2x2.98 253.2

Release 11 35 15 64-QAM Octa-Cell .98 168.8

Release 11 36 15 64-QAMOcta-Cell + MIMO

2x2.98 337.5


4x4.98 168.8

Release 11 38 15 64-QAMQuad-Cell + MIMO

4x4.98 337.5

Notes:

1. ^16-QAM implies QPSK support, 64-QAM implies 16-QAM and QPSK support.

2. ^The maximal code rate is not limited. A value close to 1 in this column indicates that the

maximum data rate can be achieved only in ideal conditions. The device is therefore connected

directly to the transmitter to demonstrate these data rates.

3. ^The maximum data rates given in the table are physical layer data rates. Application layer data

rate is approximately 85% of that, due to the inclusion of IP headers (overhead information) etc.

Roadmap[edit source|editbeta]

The first phase of HSDPA has been specified in the3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)

release 5. Phase one introduces new basic functions and is aimed to achieve peak data rates of

14.0 Mbit/s (see above). Newly introduced are the High Speed Downlink Shared Channels (HS-

DSCH), the adaptive modulation QPSK and 16QAM and the High Speed Medium Access protocol

(MAC-hs) in base station.

The second phase of HSDPA is specified in the 3GPP release 7 and has been named HSPA Evolved.

It can achieve data rates of up to 42.2 Mbit/s.[1]

It introduces antenna array technologies such

asbeamformingandMultiple-input multiple-output communications(MIMO). Beam forming focuses

the transmitted power of an antenna in a beam towards the users direction. MIMO uses multiple

antennas at the sending and receiving side. Deployments were scheduled to begin in the second half

of 2008.

Further releases of the standard have introduced dual carrier operation, i.e. the simultaneous use of

two 5 MHz carrier. By combining this with MIMO transmission, peak data rates of 84.4 Mbit/s can be

reached under ideal signal conditions.

After HSPA Evolved, the roadmap leads toE-UTRA(Previously "HSOPA"), the technology specified in

3GPP Releases 8 and 10. This project is called theLong Term Evolutioninitiative. DifferentLTE user
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_ref-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_ref-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_ref-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_ref-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_ref-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_ref-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhead_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhead_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhead_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_Generation_Partnership_Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_Generation_Partnership_Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_Generation_Partnership_Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-gsmworld-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-gsmworld-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-gsmworld-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beamforminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beamforminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beamforminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple-input_multiple-output_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple-input_multiple-output_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple-input_multiple-output_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-UTRAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-UTRAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-UTRAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP_Long_Term_Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP_Long_Term_Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP_Long_Term_Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-UTRA#User_Equipment_.28UE.29_categorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-UTRA#User_Equipment_.28UE.29_categorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-UTRA#User_Equipment_.28UE.29_categorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP_Long_Term_Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-UTRAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple-input_multiple-output_communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beamforminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-gsmworld-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_Generation_Partnership_Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhead_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_ref-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_ref-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_ref-7


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equipment categoriesoffer data rates up to 3 Gbit/s for downlink and 1.5 Gbit/s for uplink

usingOFDMAmodulation.

Adoption[edit source|editbeta]

As of 28 August 2009, 250 HSDPA networks have commercially launched mobile broadband services

in 109 countries. 169 HSDPA networks support 3.6 Mbit/s peak downlink data throughput. A growing

number are delivering 21 Mbit/s peak data downlink and 28 Mbit/s. Several others will have this

capability by end 2009 and the first 42 Mbit/s network came online in Australia in February 2010.

Telstra switches on 42 Mbit/s Next G, plans 84 Mbit/s through the implementation of HSPA+ Dual

Carrier plus MIMO technology upgrade in 2011.[7]

This protocol is a relatively simple upgrade

whereUMTSis already deployed.[1]

First week in May 2010, Second-ranked Indonesian cellular

operator Indosat launched the first DC-HSPA+ 42 Mbit/s network, beating Australia's Telstra,

Singapore's StarHub and Hong Kong's CSL to stake its claim as the first operator in Asia-Pacific to

offer theoretical download speeds of 42 Mbit/s via HSPA+.[8][9]

CDMA2000-EVDOnetworks had the early lead on performance, andJapaneseproviders were highly

successful benchmarks for it. But lately this seems to be changing in favour of HSDPA as an

increasing number of providers worldwide are adopting it. In Australia,Telstraannounced that its

CDMA-EVDO network would be replaced with a HSDPA network (since namedNextG), offering high

speed internet, mobile television and traditional telephony and video calling. Rogers Wirelessdeployed

HSDPA system 850/1900 inCanadaon April 1, 2007. In July 2008,Bell CanadaandTelusannounced

a joint plan to expand their current shared EVDO/CDMA network to include HSDPA .[10]Bell

Canadalaunched their joint network November 4, 2009, whileTeluslaunched November 5, 2009.[11]

In

January 2010, T-Mobile USA adopted HSDPA.[12]

Telstrain Australia announced they had implemented Dual-Cell HSDPA in their live NextG network on

18 January 2010. On 15 February 2010 they announced that the upgrade had been completed to

section of their network in capital cities and major regional centers. As of July 2010, two devices were

available; a USB device manufactured bySierra Wireless, the AirCard 312U, and a portable WiFi hot

spot device.

In October 2010,Vodafonein Portugal announced[13]

a commercial offer of 43.2 Mbit/s download and

11.4 Mbit/s upload. The service is currently available inLisbon.

On Nov 18 2010,Bell Canadaannounced it would begin doubling its network speeds to 42 Mbit/s

beginning Nov 23 2010 using HSPA+ Dual Cell technology.[14]

On December 3, 2010,E Mobilein Japan announced the availability of 42 Mbit/s service based upon

DC-HSDPA.[15]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-UTRA#User_Equipment_.28UE.29_categorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-UTRA#User_Equipment_.28UE.29_categorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMTShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMTShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMTShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-gsmworld-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-gsmworld-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-gsmworld-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimizedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimizedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimizedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telstrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telstrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telstrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NextGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NextGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NextGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogers_Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogers_Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogers_Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telstrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telstrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMOBILE_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMOBILE_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMOBILE_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMOBILE_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telstrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogers_Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NextGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telstrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimizedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-gsmworld-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMTShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&veaction=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-UTRA#User_Equipment_.28UE.29_categories


13/20

On March 10, 2011,SaskTelannounced that Dual-Cell HSPA+ will be available in Saskatoon and

Regina by the summer.[16]

SaskTel also announced that the first device to take advantage of this new

technology will be the Novatel Wireless MC547 Mobile Internet Stick.

On August 23, 2011,Telenor Hungarystarted Dual-Cell HSPA+ service inBudapestand itssurroundings.

[17]

In 2011, Viva Telecom Kuwait started offering Dual-Cell HSPA+ to its customers .[18]

In 2011, Personal; aTelecom Argentina/Telecom Italiasubsidiary inParaguay, started offering Dual-

Cell HSPA+ to its customers.[19]

Also in 2011 two carriers inFinland, Elisa and DNA started offering "4G" backed up by Dual-Cell

HSPA+ whereas LTE coverage is merely spotty in nature.[20][21]

In February 2012, Personal from Paraguay started offering Dual-Carrier HSPA+ to its customers .[22]

In February 2012, Three UK announced the start of its trials of DC-HSDPA. Full rollout will begin in

Summer 2012. As of November 2012 50 cities have been chosen for the initial roll out to be completed

by the end of 2012 - with Belfast joining in January 2013. They plan to cover 50% of the UK population

by the end of 2012.[23]

By mid 2012,3in Italy had deployed DC-HSDPA 42Mbit/s all over its network.

In August 2012,Etisalat Sri Lankaannounced the start of its DC-HSPA+ network. First operator in a

South Asian country to do so.[24]

In August 2012,Cellcom Liberiastarted Dual-Cell HSPA+ service inLiberiaand its surroundings.[25]

In August 2012,Gmobile Mongoliaannounced the start of its DC-HSPA+ network. It is the first

operator in Mongolia to do so.[26]

In December 2012Vodafone NZannounced the start of its DC-HSPA network roll-out, ahead of other

carriers.[27][28]

Marketing as mobile broadband[edit source|editbeta]

During 2007, an increasing number of telcos worldwide began selling HSDPAUSBmodems to provide

mobile broadband connections. In addition, the popularity of HSDPA landline replacement boxes

grewproviding HSDPA for data viaEthernetandWiFi, and ports for connecting traditional landline

telephones. Some are marketed with connection speeds of "up to 7.2 Mbit/s",[29]

which is only attained

under ideal conditions. As a result these services can be slower than expected, when in fringe

coverage indoors.

See also[edit source|editbeta]

Wikimedia Commons hasmedia related to:HSDPA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SaskTelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SaskTelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SaskTelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenor_Hungaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenor_Hungaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenor_Hungaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecom_Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecom_Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecom_Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecom_Italiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecom_Italiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecom_Italiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-26http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_Italiahttp://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_Italiahttp://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_Italiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etisalat_%E2%80%93_Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etisalat_%E2%80%93_Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etisalat_%E2%80%93_Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etisalat_%E2%80%93_Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etisalat_%E2%80%93_Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cellcom_Liberia&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cellcom_Liberia&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cellcom_Liberia&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gmobile%E2%80%93_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gmobile%E2%80%93_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gmobile%E2%80%93_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gmobile%E2%80%93_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gmobile%E2%80%93_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#cite_note-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafone_NZhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafone_NZhttp

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