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HTML - Quiz #2 Attendance CODE: 715834 http://decal.aw-industries.com Web Design: Basic to Advanced Techniques
HTML - Quiz #2Attendance CODE: 715834
http://decal.aw-industries.com
Web Design:Basic to Advanced Techniques
AnnouncementsCourse FTP accounts set up
Enrollment should all be sorted out
Quizzes have been graded
Mini Project 1Extension on last week’s HTML lab, with CSS stylingDue next Monday!
Web Design:Basic to Advanced Techniques
Web Design:Basic to Advanced Techniques
Today’s AgendaQuiz
Announcements
CSS Introduction
CSS Practice
CSS Lab
Mini Project #1
Web Design:Basic to Advanced Techniques
Fall 2010Mondays 7-9pm
200 Sutardja-Dai Hall
CSS Introduction
Web Design:Basic to Advanced Techniques
What is CSS?Cascading Style Sheets
Separate structured content (HTML) from visual appearance (CSS) In good web design code, these should be COMPLETELY
separated (no formatting in the HTML!)
More formatting/styling options than HTML alone
Avoids repetition of code
What is CSS?<font color="#0000FF”>Emphasized Text<font>
This is regular text.
<font color="#0000FF”>Emphasized Text<font>
This is regular text.
…
…
What is CSS?<span class=‘emphasized’>Emphasized Text<span>
This is regular text.
<span class=‘emphasized’>Emphasized Text<span>
This is regular text.
span.emphasized{
color: #0000FF;
}
CSS Syntax CSS rules go into a file
with .css extension
body { font-weight: bold; }
selector property value
Rule
Every declaration
Terminated by ;
Style.css
Useful CSS All Elements
color: #FFF / #FFFFFF / white; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold / normal; text-decoration: none / underline; background-color: #FFF / #FFFFFF / white;
Block Objects margin: 10px 20px; padding: 10px 20px; background-image: url(‘/images/background.gif’); background-repeat: no-repeat / repeat-x / repeat-y / repeat; background-position: 10px 0px; border: 1px solid #000; text-align: left / center / right;
CSS SelectorsWe need a way to label the HTML elements we want to
style so we can refer to them in our separate CSS code
<p id=“myEle”></p> Style.css
#myEle {font-weight: bold;font-size: 20px;
}
Element SelectorWe can select HTML elements by their element type
HTML Document
<h1>Image Page</h1>
<img src=“image.gif” />
<p>Here’s a description of the image you see above</p>
CSS Style Sheet
img {
border: 1px solid #333;
}
p {
font-color: #333;
}
Class / ID Selector <p id=“myUniqueElement”></p>ID
Used to identify ONE particular HTML elementMust be unique for entire document Invalid XHTML if more than one element with same ID
<p class=“groupOfElements”></p>Class
Used to identify ONE or MORE HTML elementsGive multiple elements the same styling
Class / ID SelectorWe can tag HTML elements by giving them an #id or .class
HTML Document
<p id=“description”>Here’s a description of the image you see above</p>
<p class=“extraInfo”>Here’s the photo equipment I used</p>
<p class=“extraInfo”>Here’s where I took the photo</p>
CSS Style Sheet
#description {
font-color: red;
}
.extraInfo {
font-color: blue;
}
Universal SelectorWe can select all HTML elements
HTML Document
<h1>Image Page</h1>
<img src=“image.gif” />
<p id=“description”>Here’s a description of the image you see above</p>
<p class=“extraInfo”>Here’s the photo equipment I used</p>
<p class=“extraInfo”>Here’s where I took the photo </p>
CSS Style Sheet
* {
font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #000;
}
Combining SelectorsDescendant (nested)
Selects by nested structurep span { color: red; } .description a { color: blue; }
CombinedSelects between elements of same classp.info { color: red; }a.info { color: #FFF; }
GroupedApplies style to lista, p, span { color: red; }
<p class=“info”>para</p><a class=“info” href=“#”>link</a>
<p class=“description”><a href=“#”>a
link</a> <span>a
span</span></p>
<p class=“description”><a href=“#”>a
link</a> <span>a
span</span></p>
<p class=“description”><a href=“#”>a link</a> <span>a span</span>
</p>
<p class=“info”>para</p><a class=“info” href=“#”>link</a>
<p class=“info”>para</p><a class=“info” href=“#”>link</a>
<p>a para</p><a href=“#”>a link</a><span>a span</span>
<p>a para</p><a href=“#”>a link</a><span>a span</span>
Specificity<p class=“para” id=“myPara”>Text</p>
p { color: red; }
.para { color: blue; }
#myPara { color: green; }
• What color is the text?
GREEN
#id > .class > element
Attaching CSS StylesAfter we write our CSS rules we need to link our rules to
our HTML documentExternal Style Sheets Inline StylingEmbedded Style Sheets
External Style Sheets <head>
<link href=”/style.css” rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
•Most common way to link CSS to HTML•CSS and HTML in separate files•Same CSS rules throughout site•Best practice!
Inline Styling
Useful for single cases
Poor practice to use this extensively throughout site
If applying same style to multiple elements, consider using class instead
<p style=“color: red;”>red text</p>
Embedded Style Sheets
Like inline styling, only use this for exceptions
If elements in this page are styled differently than the rest of the site
Try to avoid ever using this
Better option is to link to another .CSS file
<head>
<style type="text/css”>p { color: red; }
</style></head>
Multiple Style SourcesHTML documents can include multiple sources of CSS
stylesA HTML document may link to any number of external style
sheets In addition to those style sheets, the documents may use
inline styling and embedded style sheets
SomeHTMLDoc.html<head>
<link href=”/style.css” rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href=”/style2.css” rel="stylesheet"
type="text/css" /> <link href=”/style3.css” rel="stylesheet"
type="text/css" /> </head>
Cascade OrderProximity: Inline > Embedded > External
Last style winsRules in last style sheet overwrite previous rules
Style.cssp { color: red; font-weight: bold}
Style2.cssp { color: green; }
Style3.cssp { color: blue; }
<p style=“color: orange;”>some text
</p>
<p>some text
</p>
<p>some text
</p>
<p>some text
</p>
