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An Integrated View An Integrated View of NSF and of NSF and

Infrastructure Infrastructure Systems ResearchSystems Research

FIATECH2002 Capital Projects Integrated Technology Workshop

November 15, 2002

Miriam Heller, Ph.D.Program Director, Infrastructure & Information Systems

National Science [email protected] +1.703.292.8360

November 15,2002 - M. Heller ©

TopicsTopics

Whirl Wind Introduction to NSF

Learning from Urban Disasters

Holistic, Risk-based, Life-Cycle Framework

Q&A


NSF Mission –NSF Mission To Initiate & Support:

NSF Mission ––To Initiate & Support:To Initiate & Support:

Basic scientific research and research fundamental to the engineering process.

Programs to strengthen scientific and engineering research potential.

Science & engineering education programs at all levels.

Programs that inform policy formulation.


NSF Investment StrategiesNSF Investment StrategiesNSF Investment StrategiesGoals

People - A diverse, internationally competitive and globally-engaged workforce of scientists, engineers and well-prepared citizens.Ideas - Discovery at and across the frontier of science and engineering, and connections to its use in the service of society.Tools - Broadly accessible, state-of-the-art information bases and shared research and education tools.

PrioritiesMath and Science PartnershipsGraduate Fellowships


Priority AreasPriority AreasBudget amounts in Millions of Dollars

~ FY 2002

Priority Areas

Biocomplexity in the EnvironmentInformation Technology ResearchNanoscale Science and EngineeringLearning for the 21st CenturyMathematicsSocial, Behavioral, Economic Sciences

$58$273$174$126

Note: in FY02 - NSF will have a Mathematics priority area, in FY03 - NSF plans for a Social, Behavioral, Economic Sciences priority area.


National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation

Rita Coldwell Joe Bordogna

Esin Gulari

$4,472M Total

$277M $483M $470M $872M $81M

$431M $559M $864M $163M

Directorate for Directorate for EngineeringEngineering

Director Director -- Rita ColwellRita Colwell

National Science BoardNational Science Board

Staff OfficesStaff Offices

Directorate for Directorate for Computer and Computer and

Information Information Science and Science and EngineeringEngineering

Directorate for Directorate for Social, Social,

Behavioral, Behavioral, and Economic and Economic

SciencesSciences

Directorate for Directorate for Mathematical Mathematical and Physical and Physical

SciencesSciences

Directorate for Directorate for GeosciencesGeosciences

Directorate for Directorate for Biological Biological SciencesSciences

Directorate for Directorate for Education and Education and

Human Human ResourcesResources

Integrative Integrative Activities Activities

(MRE, STC)(MRE, STC)

Office of the Office of the Inspector GeneralInspector General

Polar and Polar and Antarctic Antarctic ProgramsPrograms


Directorate for Engineering~ FY2002 Budget

Directorate for EngineeringDirectorate for Engineering~ FY2002 Budget~ FY2002 Budget

Assistant Assistant Director Director ––

EsinEsin Gulari

$38.5M $52.2M $50.2M

Gulari $431M

Design, Design, Manufacture & Manufacture &

Industrial Industrial InnovationInnovation(incl. SBIR)(incl. SBIR)

Bioengineering & Bioengineering & EnvironmentalEnvironmental

Systems

Civil & Civil & MechanicalMechanical

Systems

Chemical &Chemical &TransportTransportSystemsSystems Systems Systems

Electrical & Electrical & Communications Communications

SystemsSystems

Engineering Engineering Education & Education &

CentersCenters

$125.7M $57.1M $107.5M


Division of Civil & Mechanical SystemsDivision of Civil & Mechanical Systems

The Mission of CMS:

Provide a fundamental underpinning for the engineering profession in application to mechanical systems and the constructed environment including infrastructure systems, and

Support the rapid development of new technology in service to society and to reduce risks induced by natural, technological, and intentional hazards.


National Science FoundationNational Science FoundationResearch Modes

Unsolicited research (single investigator/small groups)Special initiatives (CAREER, NSF/USDOT, PATH)Center-based research (ERC)Industry partnerships (I/UCRC; GOALI)International collaborations Information centersEducation projects (research, curriculum development, informal education) Workshops/U.S. attendance at international meetings

NSF supported organizations include academe, professional and private sectors


Division of Civil and Mechanical Division of Civil and Mechanical SystemsSystems

CMS is comprised of six programs:Five disciplinary “super” programs, each with two program officersThe NEES (Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation) program, with two assigned program officers


Physical Scales with Examples in Physical Scales with Examples in Civil and Mechanical SystemsCivil and Mechanical Systems

Materials Components/Machines ConstructedFacilities

InfrastructureSystems

nano micro meso macro system mega-system

(10 -9) m (10 -6) m (10 -3) m (10 +0) m (10 +3) m (10 +6) m

Molecular Scale Microns Millimeters Meters Kilometers Regions

• nano-mechanics • micro-mechanics

• meso-mechanics

• beams • bridges, dams,buildings

• transportnetworks

• self-assembly • micro-structures

• interfacialstructures

• columns • mechanicalsystems

• urbaninfrastructure

• nanoscalematerials designand engineering

• MEMS• smart

materials

• composites • foundations• nonstructural

components• pipes

• pavement, tunnelsand pipelines

• site remediation

• lifeline systems• information

highways


Division of Civil and Mechanical Systems (CMS)

Division of Civil and Mechanical Division of Civil and Mechanical Systems (CMS)Systems (CMS)

Five Research Programs and One Major Research Equipment Program:

Solid Mechanics and Materials EngineeringProgram Directors: Ken Chong ([email protected], on detail FY02), Oscar Dillon ([email protected], for FY02) and Jorn Larsen-

Basse ([email protected])

Geotechnical and GeoHazards EngineeringProgram Directors: Clifford Astill ([email protected]) and Richard Fragaszy ([email protected])

Structural Systems and EngineeringProgram Directors: Peter Chang ([email protected]) and P. Balaguru ([email protected])

Dynamic System Modeling, Sensing & ControlProgram Directors: Alison Flatau ([email protected]) and Shi Chi Liu ([email protected])

Infrastructure and Information SystemsProgram Directors: Miriam Heller ([email protected]) and Dennis Wenger (in 11/01)

George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES)

Program Directors: Joy Pauschke ([email protected]) and Tom Anderson ([email protected])

And CMS Represents NSF as a NEHRP (National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program) Agency

NNetwork for etwork for EEarthquake arthquake EEngineering ngineering SSimulationimulation Revolutionize the practice of

earthquake engineering research with state-of-the-art experimental equipment and information technology

Change focus from physical testing to seamless integration of testing, analysis and simulation

www.eng.nsf.gov/nees

$82 million Major Research Equipment (MRE) project

construction 2000-2004operation 2005-2014

Ultimately, enable new earthquake hazard mitigation technologies: structural, geotechnical, and tsunami


George E. Brown Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES)

George E. Brown Network for Earthquake George E. Brown Network for Earthquake Engineering SimulationEngineering Simulation (NEES)(NEES)

A $81.8 million revolution in earthquake engineering– full-scale testing of complex structural and lifeline systems– network for real-time experiment sharing, access to curated databases

and to advanced computational resources and visualization tools through the NEES collaboratory

– national and international resource for research and education• expanded and diverse research community• outreach to the engineering profession, industry, policy makers, and the

publicFY2003 plans

– construction at approx. 20 equipment sites (Phase 2 competed in FY02, all sites operational by September 30, 2005)

– network prototype demonstrated (completed in FY04)– NEES Consortium formed, proposal for 10-year operation (FY05-FY14)


University of California, Davis Geotechnical Centrifuge

University of California, BerkeleyReconfigurable Reaction Wall

University of Colorado, BoulderFast Hybrid Testing Laboratory

University of Minnesota, Twin CitiesMulti-Axial Subassemblage Testing

System

Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteGeotechnical Centrifuge

University of Nevada, RenoThree (two relocatable)

Shake Tables

University of Illinois, Urbana-ChampaignSystem Integration

NEES Awards to 6/2002NEES Awards to 6/2002

Oregon State UniversityTsunami Wave Basin

Consortium of Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering

NEES Consortium Development

State University of New York,University at Buffalo

Dual (one relocatable) Shake Tables and High Performance Actuators

University of Texas, AustinField Testing EquipmentUniversity of California, Los Angeles

Field Testing Equipment


Learning from Urban DisastersLearning from Urban DisastersPI Institution Title

AboulhassanAstaneh-Asl

U CaliforniaBerkeley(collaboration withLLNL)

World Trade Center Post-Disaster Reconnaissance and PerishableStructural Engineering Data Collection

David Bloomquist U Florida (workingwith NOAA)

Infrastructural Damage Assessment Using Land-Based Laser SwathMapping Technology

J. David Frost Georgia Tech(collaboration withUIUC)

Digital Data Collection for Damage Assessment at World Trade Center

John R. Harrald George WashingtonUniversity

Observing and Documenting the Inter-Organizational Response to the 9/11Terror Attacks

Jose Holguin-VerasRobert Paaswell

CUNY City College Impacts of Extreme Events on Passenger Travel Behavior

George LeeKathleen Tierney

MCEER at SUNYBuffalo (with U.Delaware)

Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research

Dennis MiletiMary Fran Myers

U. Colorado Boulder Natural Hazards Research Application and Information Center

Frederick Mowrer U Maryland World Trade Center Post-Disaster Fire Reconnaissance and Perishable DataCollection

Tom O’RourkeArthur Lembo

Cornell University Improved Security And Management Of Underground InfrastructureSystems: Lessons Learned From September 11, 2001

W. Al WallaceJoe ChowDavid Mendonca

RPI (subaward toNJIT)

"Impact of World Trade Center Disaster on Critical InfrastructureInterdependence

Rae Zimmerman New York University SGER - Urban Infrastructure Services in a Time of Crisis: Lessons fromSeptember 11th


Structures and FireStructures and Fire

Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl, University of California Berkeley• Forensic studies of WTC’s mechanical and structural properties • Goal: realistic computer simulation of impact and fire on structures

Fig. 1. A Beam from WTC-7 that is Burned Fig. 2. A Column from Towers Appears to be hit with a Round and Fast Moving Object

• Exit stairs/elevators• Ventilation systems

Fred W. Mowrer, University of MarylandPre-event condition assessment of • Fireproofing• Structural stability• Automatic sprinklers


InformationInformation

J. David Frost, Georgia Inst. Technology• Structural damage data

collection/integration• Handheld technology for earthquakes

data collection• Includes GPS, digital camera, handheld

computer

DigitalCamera

BarcodeScanner

HandheldGPS

DigitalVoice

Recorder

David Bloomquist, University of Florida• New land-based laser system • Yields high-resolution 3-D "maps" of interior and

exterior of damaged buildings• Identifies displacements and cracks for damage

appraisal


Hand-held Digital Data Collection for Damage AssessmentDavid Frost, Georgia Tech

FeatureID & Location

FeatureID & Location

Building LifelineInfrastructure

TransportationFacility

GeotechnicalStructure

EarthquakeFeature

Numberof Floors

BuildingClassification

Building Type/Description

StructureClassification

Failure Type

Address

StructuralFailure

NonstructuralFailure

GeotechnicalFailure

FoundationType

FailureInformation

DamageScale

FailureInformation

FailureInformation

RetainingWall Info

Retaining WallFailure Info

RetainingWall Landfill EmbankmentDam/Levee

Dam Info

DamFailure Info

LandfillFailure Info

EmbankmentInfo

EmbankmentFailure Info


yServicesServices

Thomas O’Rourke, Cornell University• Critical infrastructure case studies• Compile damage information on water

supply, electric power, gas, steam, wasterwater conveyance, telecommuni-cations, U/G transportation in GIS

• Compare with extreme events damage• Generalize vulnerability & resiliency

Rae Zimmerman, NYU• Pre-event assessment of transport, energy,

telecommunications, water, sewer, solid waste management services

• Characterization of service interruptions• Infrastructure service resiliency• Performance frameworks


Emergency ResponseEmergency Response

John Harrald, George Washington University• Extend emergency response knowledge base• Interorganizational coordination of emergency

management, medical efforts, law enforcement and military resources `

• Document information flows• Compare to natural disasters

Dennis Mileti, Natural Hazards Center (U Co-Boulder)17 travel grants awarded for QR, e.g.:• Use of GIS in emergency response (S. Cutter)• Institutional warning response (P. O’Brien)• Victim identification (D. Simpson)• Community response (S. Lowe)• http://www.Colorado.EDU/hazards/qrsept.html• http://www.nyu.edu/icis/Recovery/


Integrated Risk ManagementIntegrated Risk Management

Hazard Mitigation

EmergencyResponse

Multi-Hazard Multi-Stakeholder Decision-Making

MultiMulti--Hazard Hazard MultiMulti--Stakeholder Stakeholder DecisionDecision--MakingMaking

Damage Assessment– Internal, Direct Impacts– External, Indirect

Impacts

Sensing & Monitoring

Modeling, Simulation, Prediction

Recovery

Early Warning / Preparedness

Social/ Cultural Values

Social/ Social/ Cultural Cultural ValuesValues

Policy/ LawPolicy/ Policy/ LawLaw

Financial/ Insurance Instruments

Financial/ Financial/ Insurance Insurance InstrumentsInstruments

Organizational Theory

Organizational Organizational TheoryTheory

Communication/ EducationCommunicationCommunication/ Education/ Education


Learning from Everyday RiskLearning from Everyday Risk

WTC : total recovery estimated at over $140 billion

Non-deliberate and everyday risks FEMA : earthquake costs at $4.4 billion / yearFHWA : $78 billion / year idled away in congestionEPRI : $1.5 billion for July-Aug 1996 power blackoutsCEIDS : $119 billion / year in power quality disruptions(ASCE : $1.3 trillion / 5 years for aging infrastructure)


Critical Infrastructures Critical Infrastructures (PDD 63)(PDD 63)

Potable & Waste WaterPotable & Potable &

Waste WaterWaste Water

Banking & Insurance

Banking & Banking & InsuranceInsurance

GovernmentGovernmentGovernment

Emergency Response

Emergency Emergency ResponseResponse

TransportationTransportationTransportation

Oil & GasOil & GasOil & Gas

ElectricityElectricityElectricity

Telecom-municationsTelecomTelecom--

municationsmunications

InnovationInnovationInnovation

DeteriorationDeteriorationDeterioration RegulationRegulationRegulation

Global-izationGlobalGlobal--izationization

Devol-utionDevolDevol--utionution

DeregulationDeregulationDeregulation DeliberateThreatsDeliberateDeliberateThreatsThreatsAccidental

ThreatsAccidental Accidental ThreatsThreats

Natural ThreatsNatural Natural ThreatsThreats

STRESSSTRESSSTRESS


TransportationTransportation

Oil & Natural Gas

EELLEECCTTRRIICCIITTYY

Potable & Waste WaterPotable & Waste Water

Emergency ResponseEmergency Response

GovernmentTTEELLEECCOOMM

Banking & FinanceBanking & Finance

Infrastructure InterdependenciesInfrastructure Interdependencies

Switches, control systems

Storage, pumps, control systems, compressors

e-commerce, IT

Pumps, lifts, control systems

Signalization, switches,control systems

e-government,IT

Medical equipment

Water for cooling, emissions control

Water for production, cooling, emissions control

Fire suppression

Cooling

Fuel transport, shipping

Fuel transport, shipping

Chemicalstransport

Transport of emergency personnel, injured, evacuation

Com

mun ication s

SCADA

SCADA

Trading, transfers

SCADA

Com

mun ication s

Location, EM contact

Generator fuels, lubricants

Heat

Fuels, lubricants

Fuels, Heat

Currency (US Treasury; Currency (US Treasury; Federal Reserve )Federal Reserve )

DOE;DOE;DOTDOT

Regulations & enforcement Regulations & enforcement FERC; DOEFERC; DOE

Personnel/Equipment Personnel/Equipment (Military)(Military)

Financing, regulations, & enforcem

entFinancing, regulations, &

enforcement

SEC; IRSSEC; IRS

FEMA; DOTFEMA; DOT

DOTDOT

EPAEPA

Detection, 1st responders, repair

Financing & policies

Financing & policies

Financing & policiesFinancing & policies


System Risk is a Function of System Risk is a Function of System StateSystem State

P(Ht,s) = probability of a hazard at time t (and system state s)

P(Ds|Ht,s) = probability of a particular level of vulnerability of a system in state s given a hazard at time t (and system state s)

E(L|Ds) = expected losses conditioned on the vulnerability of system in state s

E(L) = Σ Σ E(L|ds) * P(ds|ht,s) * P(ht,s)ht,s ds


Infrastructure LifeInfrastructure Life--Cycle Management NeedsCycle Management NeedsWhat methods and tools can capture, clarify, and predict the complex behaviors and interdependencies of infrastructure systems?How can maximal efficiency during normal operations be balanced with resiliency, sustainability, and minimal vulnerability to common and catastrophic failures?Which measures of performance adequately capture system(s) complexity?Who are the decision makers and stakeholders, and what are their goals and objectives?How can risk and uncertainty be incorporated into the design and management of infrastructure systems?


RiskRisk--Based LifeBased Life--Cycle Infrastructure Cycle Infrastructure Engineering & ManagementEngineering & Management

Life-Cycle Design

Emergency Response,Diagnosis

Multi-Objective Multi-stakeholder Decision-Making

MultiMulti--Objective Objective MultiMulti--stakeholder stakeholder DecisionDecision--MakingMaking

Post-Event Analysis– Internal, Direct Impacts– External, Indirect

Impacts– Systems Evaluation

Predictive Maintenance, Sensing, Monitoring, Data (Storage, Transmission, Retrieval)

Modeling, Simulation,

Recovery, Corrective Maintenance

Detection, Preventive Maintenance, Lifetime Extension, Early Warning

Social/ Cultural Values

Social/ Social/ Cultural Cultural ValuesValues

Policy/ LawPolicy/ Policy/ LawLaw

Financial/ Insurance Instruments

Financial/ Financial/ Insurance Insurance InstrumentsInstruments

Organizational Theory

Organizational Organizational TheoryTheory

Communication/ EducationCommunicationCommunication/ Education/ Education

Prediction

Planning, Training and Preparedness


Challenges: Complex Systems &Challenges: Complex Systems &Interdependencies Modeling NeedsInterdependencies Modeling Needs

Theoretical frameworks for large-scale CAS– Non-linear coupled subsystems

– System interdependencies

– Spatially distributed, adaptive

Centralized, decentralized, distributed control

Multiple agents / DM’s– Multiple system operational objectives: efficiency, reliability, security,

resiliency, sustainability

– Multiple agencies with different missions, resources, timetables, and agendas

Data security, accessibility, and reliability

Organizational and human errors and failures

Education and training implications for workforce and R&D


Complex Systems & Interdependencies Complex Systems & Interdependencies Modeling, Simulation, & PredictionModeling, Simulation, & Prediction

Advanced computing paradigms: NNs, GAs, Complex (Adaptive) Systems, KD-DMVisualization, Virtual Reality, Haptics, and other Human Computer Interfaces– models are not in themselves solutions and the translation of

model into usable forms draws on a range of disciplines

Develop or enhance computer simulators to predict system behavior, including– Materials and design options– Internal monitoring, control, and optimization systems– Human and organizational behavior interactions– System and interdependent systems behavior – Multiple objectives, multiple stages


Challenges: PredictionChallenges: PredictionVarious level of prediction (Pielke, Sr., NCAR)

– Guessing

– Sensitivity Experiments (don’t include all feedbacks)

– Realization (include all feedbacks)

– Projection (envelop)

– Perfect Foresight (unachievable)

Estimating and modeling risk – Mean Value, MLE, Order Statistics, Extreme Value Theory, Simulation

– Component vs. system vs. interdependent systems

– Multi-objective Risk

– Integrated environmental, health, ecological, financial, technological

Uncertainty: Bayesian, sensitivity, bounding methods

Vulnerability and consequence assessment


Sensors, Monitoring, Control, Predictive Sensors, Monitoring, Control, Predictive Maintenance and OptimizationMaintenance and Optimization

Research on affordable, real-time sensors:Operations optimization and control (e.g., real-time, time-of-day, pay-by-use pricing)Civil infrastructure monitoring for improved prediction, detection, real-time diagnosis, maintenance, robust control – Hypersensitive, embedded, distributed, sensing and control

systems (e.g., MEMS/NEMS) self-heal at multiple scales through adaptive material properties, geometry, mechanical or electromagnetic output

– Smart wireless systems for remote sensing and control (from integrated NEMS, MEMS, and Interdigital Transducers with smart materials and composites) of surface transportation (speed, navigation), civil infrastructures (pipe corrosion, pollution)


Sensors, Monitoring, Control, Predictive Sensors, Monitoring, Control, Predictive Maintenance and OptimizationMaintenance and Optimization

Data Storage: new storage capabilities for abundant sensed data, including multimedia/internet-based systems and domain-specific data architecturesData Transmission: Remote sensing, storage, or processing will require GIS, GPS, and wireless technologies transmission Data Quality: source, reliability, durability, accuracy, uncertainty, security, privacyOptimal Design and Configuration of Sensor System: minimize cost / maximize value of data, energy management, local processing / central control for emergent system behavior, (multi-) scaleabilityData Processing: new algorithms for large-scale, real-time data and signal processing of sensed data for monitoring, controlling, and optimization


Planning, Training, PreparednessPlanning, Training, Preparedness

(Multi-objective, Multi-stage) Decision Theory/Optimization under Risk and UncertaintyExpert systems/simulationStandards developmentCertificationOrganization theoryRisk management/communication


Detection, Preventive Maintenance, Detection, Preventive Maintenance, Lifetime Extension, Early WarningLifetime Extension, Early Warning

(Real-time) signal processing for Knowledge Discovery-Data MiningCondition AssessmentFailure characterizationInformation flowsGroup dynamicsOrganization theoryRisk communicationRisk perceptionPsychological biases in decision making


Emergency Response, DiagnosisEmergency Response, Diagnosis

Infrastructure databasesDatabase on emergency responders and their role Information flowsRisk management / communicationGroup dynamics Organization theoryPsychological biases in decision making


Recovery, Corrective MaintenanceRecovery, Corrective Maintenance

System resiliency modeling Short-term restoration vs long-term recoveryRecovery vis-à-vis the rest of cycle:– Pre-event maintenance (predictive, preventive)– Pre-event recovery planning– Mitigation: “window of opportunity” post-event– Funding options– Federal programs (in search of a policy)

Political science / public decision-making


PostPost--Event AnalysisEvent AnalysisImpact (natural, built, human, social, cultural systems) characterization and inventoriesData storage and transmissionImpact valuation (e.g., engineering economics, contingent valuation; environmental risk assessment)Multiobjective risk assessmentPost-event systems evaluation– Sensing, monitoring, control, and optimization systems– Modeling and prediction systems– Preparedness, detection, early warning– Emergency response, diagnosis, repair– Renewal, recovery, reconstitution


LifeLife--Cycle DesignCycle DesignEngineering and technological aspects of design– Thermal stresses, impact loading, plasticity, and stability of

structural systems as well as fire proofing and blast resistance– New (smart) materials and designs to prevent or postpone

collapse of building structuresSocial and behavioral aspects of design (worker productivity, organizational communication, egress modes)Simulation of structural and users’ response to designConcurrent design methods Risk-based life-cycle assessmentNon-structural design hedging mechanismsMulti-objectives, multiple stakeholder DM


MultiMulti--Objective MultiObjective Multi--stakeholder stakeholder DecisionDecision--MakingMaking

Allocation problem over various investment options, over various stages of development (R&D, development, implementation) over time with risk/uncertaintyMultiple objectives : efficiency, reliability, security, resiliency, sustainability

1

2

3B/C ( S&M)

B/C (ER)

1 ~ 2 ~ 3 : indifferent wrt ER

1 is infeasible wrt obj. S&M

2 >> 3 : 2 dominates 3

Multiple stakeholders : different missions, resources, timetables, and agendas


Overarching IssuesOverarching IssuesMore than terrorism– Multiple hazards and stressors– System of interdependent infrastructure systems– Vulnerability is a function of system state

Need a portfolio of risk intervention options– At different stages of technological develop– Over the system life-cycle

Long-view / sustainability– Address security without compromising other objectives– Exploit synergistic objectives and collateral benefits

Non-inconsequential issues that must be addressed– Workforce education & training (White House Workshop)– Sensors, “Acts of God” versus responsibility– Data sensitivity, accessibility, quality


Thank You for Facing the Thank You for Facing the ChallengeChallenge

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