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“STRENGTH DOES NOT COME FROM PHYSICAL CAPACITY. IT COMES FROM AN INDOMITABLE WILL.” -MAHATMA GANDHI

Chapter 3

Understand the importance of India’s social structure and it’s influence to Hinduism and Buddhism.

Brahman

s- Priest

s

Brahmans- PriestsKshatriyas-

Warriors

Brahmans- PriestsKshatriyas-

Warriors

Vaisyas- Merchants & Artisans

Brahmans- PriestsKshatriyas-

Warriors

Vaisyas- Merchants & Artisans

Sudras- Laborers & Farmers

Brahmans- PriestsKshatriyas-

Warriors

Vaisyas- Merchants & Artisans

Sudras- Laborers & Farmers

Mouth

Arms

Thighs

Feet

Purusha

Hinduism

Dharma = Duty & Stability in Society.

Caste placement depended on karma.

Moksha- Release of the reincarnation cycle.

Structure resulted from dharma.

Conflict

People had to do their job!

Lower levels began to hate their lives.

Questioning of the Hinduism ways.

Eventually resulted in people leaving Hinduism for Buddhism.

Crash Course

Siddharta Gautama

Siddharta was a Prince.

Was placed under “House arrest” for his protection.

Left to explore the world.

This is when he came upon “suffering.”

In order to understand the world and it’s sufferings, Siddharta looked to the world of ascetics.

He went through severe conditions and prolonged meditation, until he reached nirvana. End of self and a reunion with the Great

World Soul. He began to teach (“Buddha”) these

ways.

In order to reach nirvana, one must follow the Four Noble Truths.

Four Noble Truths

Ordinary life is full of suffering.

This suffering is caused by our desire to satisfy ourselves.

Four Noble Truths

The way to end suffering is to end desire for selfish goals and to see others as extensions of ourselves.

The way to end desire is to follow the Eightfold Path.

Eightfold Path

Right view- We need to know the Four Noble Truths.

Right intention- We need to decide what we really want.

Right speech- We must seek to speak truth and to speak well of others.

Right action- “Do not kill. Do not steal. Do not lie. Do not be unchaste. Do not take drugs or drink alcohol.”

Eightfold Path

Right livelihood- We must do work that uplifts our being.

Right effort- We must not give up or ease until we have reached the end.

Right mindfulness- We must keep our minds in control of our senses.

Right concentration- We must meditate to see the world in a new way.

Extra Facts

Hittites were the first to USE iron for everyday use.

India had always been a set of smaller kingdoms until: Mauryan Dynasty Gupta Dynasty

Mauryan Dynasty was known for having what was considered the greatest king of Indian history.

Gupta Dynasty was very successful in trading. Traded with China, Mediterranean, and

SE Asia.

One of the earliest known civilizations was the Harrappan

The longest known poem ever written was the Mahabharata.

India’s most famous mathematician was Aryabhata, who created the decimal system of counting in tens.