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Managing Shoreline ErosionM
odul
e 2:
1
Erosion: A Natural Process
Proceeds very slowly Important part of ecosystem function
Cou
rtesy
of:
Ed
Kle
kow
ski
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ule
2:2
Natural Causes of Erosion
Wind Ice Water movement
Wave energy Currents Changing water levels Rain/run-off
Gravity
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ule
2:3
Human Disturbances
Removal of shoreline vegetation Run-off from paved surfaces Boat wake
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ule
2:4
Human Disturbances
Construction on or near the shoreline
Heavy foot traffic
Shoreline alteration
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ule
2:5
The Impacts of Erosion
1. Loss of valuable waterfront property
2. Unsafe areas
3. Loss of habitat
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ule
2:6
The Impacts of Erosion
4. Changes the characteristics of the bottom
5. Reduces water clarity6. Increases water
temperature7. Releases
chemicals/nutrients into the water
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ule
2:7
Signs of Erosion
Areas of exposed soil
Rills and gullies
Slumping, undercut banks
Formation of sandbars and “islands”
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ule
2:8
More Signs of Erosion
Cloudy water
Stream or river becoming wide and shallow
Receding shorelines
Leaning & downed trees & exposed roots
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ule
2:9
How To Prevent Erosion
1. Protect the natural shoreline
2. Reduce run-off from impermeable surfaces
3. Minimize wake from boats and other motorized watercraft
4. Take precautions during construction
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ule
2:10
How To Prevent Erosion
5. Limit foot traffic in erosion prone areas6. Contour and cover pathways7. Avoid alterations to water courses
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ule
2:11
How to Control Erosion
1. Identify: Cause of erosion Type of erosion Extent of problem Site conditions
2. Select most suitable control method
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ule
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Control Methods
A. Natural buffers
B. Bioengineering
C. Hardened structures
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ule
2:13
A. Natural Buffer M
odul
e 2:
14
B. Soil BioengineeringM
odul
e 2:
15
Slope PreparationM
odul
e 2:
16
•
45° = 1:1 slope 27° = 2:1 slope 18° = 3:1 slope
Photo credit: Rian Myers 1993
Bioengineering Techniques above the Water
Live staking
Fascines (wattles/bundles)
Brush layers
Brush mattresses
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ule
2:17
Live Staking
Courtesy of: Carolyn Dindorf
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ule
2:18
FascinesM
odul
e 2:
19
Courtesy
of: Douglas F
uller
Courtesy of Maccaferri Ltd.
Brush LayersM
odul
e 2:
20
Photo credit: Environment Canada
Brush Mattresses
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ule
2:21
Courtesy of: Maccaferri Ltd.
MaintenanceM
odul
e 2:
22
Recommended Native Species
Red-Osier Dogwood (Cornus stolonifera)
Silky Dogwood (Cornus obliqua)
Grey Dogwood (Cornus racemosa)
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ule
2:23
Recommended Native Species
Pussy Willow (Salix discolor)
Shining Willow (Salix lucida)
Shrub Willow (Salix eriocephala)
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ule
2:24
Gathering Plant MaterialM
odul
e 2:
25
Bioengineering Techniques In the Water
Fibre rolls
Brush bundles
Plant anchors
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ule
2:26
Fibre RollsM
odul
e 2:
27
Courtesy of: Douglas FullerCourtesy of MaccaferriCourtesy of: Douglas Fuller
Brush bundles
Courtesy of: Carolyn Dindorf
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ule
2:28
Plant Anchors
Fibre mats Fibre bags
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ule
2:29
Courtesy of Maccaferri Ltd.
Case Study
C. Hardened Structures
Break walls
Gabion baskets
Riprap
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ule
2:32
BreakwallsM
odul
e 2:
33
Retiring Your Breakwall
1. Dig it out
2. Break it down
3. Plant it
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ule
2:34
Photo credit: Cottage Life Magazine
Gabion Baskets
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ule
2:35
RiprapM
odul
e 2:
36
Courtesy of: Douglas Fuller
Approvals
Contact: Conservation Authority
Ministry Of Natural Resources
Department of Fisheries and Oceans
Parks Canada
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ule
2:37
Managing Erosion
1. Practice erosion prevention
2. Understand the source of erosion
3. Research your options
4. Make an informed decision
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ule
2:38