Http:// Web based supervisory control and data acquisition Thomas Dreyer (RACOS) David Leal (CAESAR...

http://www.scadaonweb.com

Web based supervisory control and data acquisition

Thomas Dreyer (RACOS)David Leal (CAESAR Systems)Andrea Schröder (FGH)Michael Schwan (FGH)

2nd International Semantic Web Conference, October 2003

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ScadaOnWeb Project partners

Caesar - Caesar Systems Limited

Cygnus - Cygnus Engineering AG

Bacher - Bacher Consulting

LABEIN - Fundacion Labein

SEfAS - Sintef Energy Research

FGH - Forschungsgemeinschaft für Elektrische Anlagen und Stromwirtschaft e.V.

RACOS - Racos Technische Informationssysteme

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Our objective

To put SCADA data on the web So that SCADA data can be handled by cheap software Low cost applications for which dedicated SCADA systems are not affordable

The opportunity A semantically precise SCADA object Open source software to access it

defined by the project

written by the project

Validated by project demonstrators

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Requirements for the technology

SCADA systems are different because they handle large amounts of data - gigabytes

The data is structured into arrays of different dimensions for each time point there is a 1D array of 1000 measurements 10000 time points gives a 2D array (100001000)

Efficiency requires maintenance of the array structures - no ‘confetti’ data numbers held as binary format

Use over the web requires XML for the semantics of the data ontologies for the measurement process - e.g. sampling rates ontologies for physical properties, physical quantities and units ontologies for measurement quality

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variables

Structured semantic data block

positionsstates/times

semantics

gigabytes of structured

data

extract and download subsets

acknowledgements toacknowledgements to

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7OWL

What we definedsystem

definition

propertyontology

measurementquality ontology

unitsontology

self describingmeasurement object

• compact binary data block• full semantics• measurement qualityHDF5 binary data

OWL semantic wrapper

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HDF5 (Hierarchical Data Format - version 5)

Standard for the exchange of structured binary datasets developed by NCSA used for NASA and ESA for satellite telemetry used for oil exploration data

Exchange of binary data between computers access library availably on many different types callable from C, Fortran, and Java

Range of tools for data addition and extraction; display and editing interface to and from XML

But the HDF5 tools do not know about the meaning of the data

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Demonstrators

Flood warning system based upon many remote sensors

Flexible metering of domestic and small industrial consumers

Data sharing within a balance group in the energy market

Control of distributed wind and hydro electricity generation

Condition based maintenance of remote equipment

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Brig, Switzerland, September 23, 1993

© C. Heinen, 1993© C. Heinen, 1993

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© G. Escher 1993© G. Escher 1993

Brig, Switzerland, September 1993

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Proposed MacEco Web interface

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Different presentations - graphs

3 different weeks3 different weeks

3 different mondays3 different mondays

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Wind park main display

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Wind mill

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Monitoring data of transformers

41%

19%3%

12%

13%

12%

Tap changer Winding Core Bushing Tank Supplementary device

Failure rates of transformers with tap changers:(CIGRE failure statistic)

Sensors of transformers

General Active part/insulating oil

Oil expan-sion vessel

Cooling system Tap changer/motor drive

Bushing / currenttransformer

real-time gas content andcomposition

oil level oil flow rate position of thetap changer /number ofoperating cycles

operating voltageand current

airtemperature

oil humidity air humidity oil temperature infront of andbehind the cooler

input power ofthe motor drive

overvoltage andovercurrents

air pressure oil temperature temperature ofcooling medium

operation time ofthe motor

capacitive currentof the capacitorcontrol

air humidity oil level of theBuchholz relay

condition ofpumps and fans

PD-signal

hot-spot-recording

oil pressure of thebushing

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Fundamentals of the technology

Formal approach to engineering data based upon ISO 15926 a design is a Class

Physical property, quantity and scale a physical quantity is a member of a physical quantity space a physical quantity space is the domain of a scale

Product, activity and state 4D world view

Measurement quality quality is a measurement of the measurement system

Distribution a distribution is a Property

Descriptions of a distribution described by a numerical table stored as HDF5


Engineering use of classes

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Designs are classes

crankshaft

V6 crankshaft

Rover 75 crankshaft

Rover 75 crankshaft rev1.2

rotating part

engine part

machined-surface part

unmachined-surface part

part with oil holes

cast iron

SG cast iron crankshaft

SG cast iron

SG cast iron grade XYZ

<Class ID=“Rover75Crankshaft”> <subClassOf resource=“...#V6Crankshaft”/> <subClassOf resource=“...#SGCastIronCrankshaft”/> <subClassOf resource=“...#PartWithOilHoles”/> </Class>

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‘Members’ of a design

Rover 75 crankshaft rev1.2

The crankshaft in test T_1234The crankshaft in test T_1234member of class

<Product ID=“crankshaftInTestT_1234”> <type resource=“...#Rover75CrankshaftRev1.2”/></Product>

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Definition of design classes

length in range9.99 to 10.01 m

material S_1234

XYZ_123

<Class ID=“XYZ_123”> <intersectionOf parseType=“Collection”> <Class about=“10MetreWidget”/> <Class about=“S_1234”/> </intersectionOf></Class>

<Restriction ID=“10MetreWidget”> <onProperty resource=“widgetLength”/> <allValuesFrom resource=“10MetreWithTolerance”/> </intersectionOf></Restriction>


Physical property, quantity and scale

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Physical quantity as a class

The class called “10 Kg” has instants in the lives of material objects as members.

An instant in the life of a material object is a member if and only if it has 10 times the same inertial mass as the reference lump of platinum in Paris.

<ProductAtInstant ID=“MyWidgetat20031021T10:30”> <type resource=“MassOf10kg”/></ProductAtInstant>

But usually it is more complicated:

Vessel MassmassWhenEmpty

Physical propertyPhysical object Physical quantity<Product ID=“myVessel”> <massWhenEmpty resource=“MassOf10kg”/></Product>

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Getting units right

Mass Realkg

A unit or scale is a Property of a physical quantity.

<Class ID=“MassOf10kg”> <kg> <Real> <decimal>10.0</decimal> </Real> </kg></Class>

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Getting units right

Mass Realkg

A unit or scale is a Property of a physical quantity.

Vessel massWhenEmpty

<Class ID=“myVessel”> <massWhenEmpty> <Mass> <kg> <Real> <decimal>10.0</decimal> </Real> </kg> </Mass> </massWhenEmpty</Class>


Measurement quality

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A measurement system at an instant

physical system

measurementsystem

partOf

physical systemat instant

measurementsystem at instant

partOf

instantOf

instantOf

measured property

measured system quality

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IEC 61850 Measurement quality

Validity

DetailQual

Source

TestStatus

OperatorBlockedStatus

OverflowStatus

OutOfRangeStatus

BadReferenceStatus

OscillatoryStatus

FailureStatus

OldDataStatus

InconsistencyStatus

Good Questionable Invalid

Overflow NotOverflow

OutOfRange NotOutOfRange

BadReference NotBadReference

Oscillatory NotOscillatory

Failure NotFailure

OldData NotOldData

Inconsistent NotInconsistent

Process Default Substituted

Test NotTest

OperatorBlocked NotOperatorBlocked

Space Allowed values

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Temperature, time and validity

<ProductAtInstant> <instantOfProduct resource="#myMeasurementSystem"/>

<measuredTemperature> <ThermodynamicTemperature> <celsius> <Real><decimal>27.5</decimal></Real> </celsius> </ThermodynamicTemperature> </measuredTemperature>

<measuredTime> <Time> <utc> .... </utc> </Time> </measuredTime>

<measuredValidity> <Validity about=”.../iec61850Quality.owl#Good"/> </measuredValidity>

</ProductAtInstant>

the temperature

the time

the validity


4D modelling

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Things in the real world

space

timeProduct Product Life Segment

(activity)Product At Instant

(state)

its identifierwhat type it ishow it is connected

when: from --> tomaximum flow ratetotal flowaverage flow rate

when: atflow rate at instant

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Distributions

time

flow rate

sampling decomposition

time

total flow in period


Property distributions

with respect to space and time

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Array of sensors at an instant

temperature

For each sensor at an instant in the set there is a temperature

my sensor atinstant set

temperature

my distribution

sensor atinstant

measuredTemperature

subclass subproperty

<Property ID=“measuredTemperature”> <domain resource=“...#Sensor”/> <range resource=“...#ThermodynamicTemperature”/></Prperty>

<Property ID=“myDistribution”> <subPropertyOf resource=“#measuredTemperature”/> <domain resource=“...#MySensorAtInstantSet”/></Property>

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Array of sensors at an instant

temperature

For each sensor at instant in the set there is a temperature and quality

my sensor atinstant set

temperature andquality space

my distribution

For each integer there is a real and quality identifier

1 to20 real and integer vectorarray

parameterisation: numbering of the sensors

scale: Celsius and representation of quality by an integer vector

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Semantics and mathematical description

HDF5

XMLdomain of distribution

physical quantitydistribution (field)

maths space maths spacemaths function

parameterisation scale: unitscoordinate system

description

product(instrument)

sampling or decomposition

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Structured data block

variables

positionsstates/times

semantics

gigabytes of structured

data

extract and download subsets

acknowledgements toacknowledgements to

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External reference to HDF5

<PhysicalDistribution ID=“myDistribution”>

<subPropertyOf resource=”... #measuredTemperature"/>

<domain resource="#mySensorSetAt10.30"/> <range resource=”...#ThermodynamicTemperature"/> <compositionOf> <PhysicalDistributionDescriptionVector> <hasTerms parseType=“Collection”>

<InverseParameterisation>...<InverseParameterisation> <SymbolTable about=“.../myfile.hdf5”/>

<InverseScale>...</InverseScale> </hasTerms> </PhysicalDistributionDescriptionVector> </compositionOf>

</PhysicalDistribution>

the property

the object that has it

the data order

the data

the units

the data


Conclusions

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properties(ISO 15926)SCADA

ISO 15926 maths

ScadaOnWebOntologies OWL (with RDF and RDFS)

physical object

decompositionand sampling

distributionand description

physical quantityspaces

SI units

time

IEC 61850 quality

structure number and text

W3C

physical propertyquantity and scale

demonstrator ontologies

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Next steps

Automated decision making Now – predefined alert (e-mail or txt message) template implemented by

explicit code Future – alert criteria defined by a rule base

Make the semantic measurement object stick as an industry standard Publication of measurement ontologies as annexes to existing ISO/IEC

standards Process industry – links to ISO 15926 (Life cycle data for process plant) Electricity transmission grid control standards National energy management standards Open source semantic measurement software

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Flood warning demonstrator prototype

http://www.scadaonweb.com/demonstrators.html


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