Hull Design and Limitations for Container ShipsSingapore, 16th May 2007
Dipl.-Ing. Holger Jefferies, Head of Approval Services East Asia – ShanghaiDipl.-Ing. Jan-Olaf Probst, Head of Competence Centres Hull & Ship Safety
Development of Post-Panamax Container Ships
SeaAsia No. 32007-04-03
Typical 8000TEU Post-Panamax Shipfor Conti / NSB with L = 335 m, B = 42,8 m
SeaAsia No. 42007-04-03
Principal Dimensions of 8200 / 9500TEU Vessels
Size LBP Breadth Depth T scantling8200 TEU 319,00 m 42,8 m 24,6 m 14,5 m
15,0 m9500 TEU 335,00 m 42,8 m 27,2 m
8200TEU 9500TEU
15 rows 15 rows
9 tiers 10 tiers
SeaAsia No. 52007-04-03
9500TEU Post-Panamax Shipfor Costamare with L = 350,6 m, B = 42,8 m
SeaAsia No. 62007-04-03
Principal Dimensions of 8200 / 9500TEU Vessels
Size LBP Breadth Depth T scantling8200 TEU 319,00 m 42,8 m 24,6 m 14,5 m
15,0 m9500 TEU 321,00 m 45,6 m 27,2 m
8200TEU 9500TEU
15 rows 16 rows
9 tiers 10 tiers
SeaAsia No. 72007-04-03
9500TEU Post-Panamax Shipfor C.P. Offen with L = 338 m, B = 45,6 m
SeaAsia No. 82007-04-03
HHI / GL Design: 13.440 TEU Container ShipLoa = 382,20 m, B = 54,20 m, H = 27,7 m
SeaAsia No. 92007-04-03
Midship Section of13.400 TEU Post-Panamax Container Ship
Principal Dimensions
Length o.a. abt. 382 mLength b.p. 366 mBreadth 54.2 mDepth 27.7 mDraught (design) 13.5 mDraught (scantling) 15.0 m
SeaAsia No. 102007-04-03
TEU Panmax 6500 7500 8500 9500 12.500 14.500
366,0 m 395,0 m
57,0 m
27,2
15,0 m
54,2 m
27,2
15,0 m
321,0 m
45,6 m
27,2 m
15,0 m
LBP 283,0 m 289,0 m 304,0 m 319,0 m
B 32,3 m 40,0 m 42,8 m 42,8 m
H 21,8 m 24,2 m 24,5 m 24,5 m
Ts 13,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m
Development of Container ShipsPanmax to 14.500TEU Post-Panmax
change 100 % 130 % 150 % 170 % 190 % 260 % 290 %
SeaAsia No. 112007-04-03
TEU Panmax 6500 7500 8500 9500 12.500 14.500
366,0 m 395,0 m
57,0 m
27,2
15,0 m
54,2 m
27,2
15,0 m
321,0 m
45,6 m
27,2 m
15,0 m
LBP 283,0 m 289,0 m 304,0 m 319,0 m
B 32,3 m 40,0 m 42,8 m 42,8 m
H 21,8 m 24,2 m 24,5 m 24,5 m
Ts 13,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m
Development of Container ShipsPanmax to 14.500TEU Post-Panmax
change 100 % 102 % 107 % 113 % 113 % 130 % 140 %
SeaAsia No. 122007-04-03
TEU Panmax 6500 7500 8500 9500 12.500 14.500
366,0 m 395,0 m
57,0 m
27,2
15,0 m
54,2 m
27,2
15,0 m
321,0 m
45,6 m
27,2 m
15,0 m
LBP 283,0 m 289,0 m 304,0 m 319,0 m
B 32,3 m 40,0 m 42,8 m 42,8 m
H 21,8 m 24,2 m 24,5 m 24,5 m
Ts 13,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m
Development of Container ShipsPanmax to 14.500TEU Post-Panmax
change 100 % 124 % 133 % 133 % 141 % 168 % 177 %
SeaAsia No. 132007-04-03
TEU Panmax 6500 7500 8500 9500 12.500 14.500
366,0 m 395,0 m
57,0 m
27,2
15,0 m
54,2 m
27,2
15,0 m
321,0 m
45,6 m
27,2 m
15,0 m
LBP 283,0 m 289,0 m 304,0 m 319,0 m
B 32,3 m 40,0 m 42,8 m 42,8 m
H 21,8 m 24,2 m 24,5 m 24,5 m
Ts 13,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m
Development of Container ShipsPanmax to 14.500TEU Post-Panmax
change 100 % 111 % 112 % 112 % 125 % 125 % 125 %
SeaAsia No. 142007-04-03
TEU Panmax 6500 7500 8500 9500 12.500 14.500
366,0 m 395,0 m
57,0 m
27,2
15,0 m
54,2 m
27,2
15,0 m
321,0 m
45,6 m
27,2 m
15,0 m
LBP 283,0 m 289,0 m 304,0 m 319,0 m
B 32,3 m 40,0 m 42,8 m 42,8 m
H 21,8 m 24,2 m 24,5 m 24,5 m
Ts 13,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m 14,5 m
Development of Container ShipsPanmax to 14.500TEU Post-Panmax
change 100 % 107 % 107 % 107 % 111 % 111 % 111 %
SeaAsia No. 152007-04-03
Development of Scantling Draught
10
11
12
13
14
15
1625
00
3500
4500
5500
6500
7500
8500
9500
1050
0
1150
0
1250
0
1350
0
1450
0
Ship Size in TEU
Drau
ght
Principal Dimension H and Air Draught
SeaAsia No. 172007-04-03
8’6’’or 9’6’’ Height Container?
SeaAsia No. 182007-04-03
Possible Number of Container below Deck
GL Rules Chapter 3, Section 2:up to 10 tiers of 20’ container in 40’ cell guides.
SeaAsia No. 192007-04-03
ISO stacking test:20‘ and 40‘ corner column is tested subject to a pressure force of 86 t (since 2005, 96 t).
ISO Strength Requirements of ContainersISO standard:the lowest container could be overstowed with 192 t consideringan acceleration factor of 1,8
this would be for shippinga. 32 t per 40‘ container for 10 tierb. 29 t per 40‘ container for 11 tierc. 26 t per 40‘ container for 12 tier
SeaAsia No. 202007-04-03
Height up to Hatch Cover Top PlateDe
pth
Dept
h
Top
of h
atch
cove
r
Top
of co
ntain
er
9 x 2,591 m + 1 x 2,896 m +2,20 m + 0,4 m + 0,9 mTotal = 29,715 m
9x2,5
91 +
1x2,8
96
2,20 m 0,4
m +
0,9m
(Opt
ion
10x2
,896)
(Opt. 32,46m)
SeaAsia No. 212007-04-03
Forces on Container Stack during Rolling
SeaAsia No. 222007-04-03
Overloaded Container Columns
SeaAsia No. 232007-04-03
Possible Height above Hatch Cover
8 x 2,986 m +0,50 m +2,90 m +7,00 mTotal = 34,288 m
8 x 2,
896m
= 23
,168m
0,5 + 2,9m = 3,4 m appr
. 7,0
m
SeaAsia No. 242007-04-03
64 to
67 m
from
keel
to fu
nnel
Possible max. Air Draught of Container Ships
Ship draughtAir draught
from water levelDesign draught
13,0 m 51,0 to 54,0 m
Scantling draught15,0 m 49,0 to 52,0 m
Actual draught11,0 to 12,5 m 53,0 to 56,0 m
34,28
8 m29
,715 m
(32,4
6 m)
Principal Dimension B
SeaAsia No. 262007-04-03
Gantry Crane Outreach of Major TerminalOut Reach (m) 45 50 55 60 65 70On Deck (Row) 16 18 20 22AMSTERDAM
BARCELONA
BREMEN HAVEN
BUSAN
HAMBURG
HONGKONG
KAOSHIUNG
KWANGYANG
LONGBEACH
OAKLAND
ROTTERDAM
SHANGHAI
SHEKOU CT
SHENZEN
SINGAPORE
TACOMA
VANCOUBER
YOKOHAMA
Year
Of
2005
SeaAsia No. 272007-04-03
Gantry Crane Lifting Capacity of Major TerminalS.W.L.(ton) 45 50 55 60 65 70
AMSTERDAM
BARCELONA
BREMEN HAVEN
BUSAN
HAMBURG
HONGKONG
KAOSHIUNG
KWANGYANG
LONGBEACH
OAKLAND
ROTTERDAM
SHANGHAI
SHEKOU CT
SHENZEN
SINGAPORE
TACOMA
VANCOUBER
YOKOHAMA
Year
Of
2005
Deck House and Funnel location
SeaAsia No. 292007-04-03
11000
11500
12000
12500
13000
13500
14000
E/RM 8A 8F 7A 7F 6A 6F 5A 5F 4A 4F 3A 3F 2A
Position of Deckhouse
TEU
Cap
asity
+5.5 %700 TEU
1271
3
1274
3
1344
5
Effect of Re-Locating Deckhouse
1243
3 1307
7
SeaAsia No. 302007-04-03
Protection of Fuel Tanks
Application dates:
Building contract 1st August 2007
Keel laying 1st February 2008
Delivery 1st August 2010
SeaAsia No. 312007-04-03
Different Arrangements for FTP RequirementFuel oil in deep tanks heavy weight
Fuel oil tank in cargo hold area loss of container
Fuel oil below deck house optimum design concept
SeaAsia No. 322007-04-03
To Check Possible Soot Contamination Around Funnel
Flow Analysis Around Twin Funnels
Twin funnel Deckhouse
SeaAsia No. 332007-04-03
• Funnel Height Incl. Stack : H0 ( 53.6 m ), H1 ( 51.6 m )• Transverse Location from Center : W1 ( 6.2 m ), W2 ( 10.7 m )
W3 ( 15.2 m ), W4 ( 18.0 m )
(a) W1 (6.2m) (b) W2 (10.7 m) (c) W3 (15.2 m) (d) W4 (18.0 m)
Location of Twin Funnels
Analysis Cases
SeaAsia No. 342007-04-03
(a) Case: W3, H0, ψ=135o, and DS=220μm (b) Case: W4, H1, ψ= 135o, and DS=20μm
Particle trace of soot
New Panama Canal Dimensions
SeaAsia No. 362007-04-03
Present Panama Canal (1/2)
About 14,000 ships per yearcarry 193,813 mio tons cargo
SeaAsia No. 372007-04-03
„Panmax-Size-Vessel“maximum dimensions:length: 294.13 mbeam: 32.31 mdraught: approx. 12 mair draught: 62.5 m at LW
Present Panama Canal (2/2)
Dimensions of each lock chamber:length: 305.0 mwidth: 33.5 mwater level: 12.3 m (minimum)
SeaAsia No. 382007-04-03
Modified Panama Canal - The Future
The current plan for two new sets of locks: The new lock chambers will feature sliding gates, doubled for safety, and will have a
length of 427,0 m (1,400 ft)width of 55,0 m (180 ft)depth of 18,3 m (60 ft)
extension for ships with a beam of up to 49 m (160 ft), l.o.a. of up to 366 m (1,200 ft) and a draught of up to 15 m (50 ft), (equivalent to a container ship of around 12,000 TEU)
SeaAsia No. 392007-04-03
Location of proposednew locks• The new locks will be located
next to the existing locks• The new locks are a
complement to the existing Canal
• The new locks will use existingnavigation channels
• During the construction periodthe Canal will continue to operate uninterrupted
• The new locks will use the excavation area carried out in 1939
SeaAsia No. 402007-04-03
Panama Canal - the Project Timeline
SeaAsia No. 412007-04-03
New „Panamax Vessel“ with 12.500 TEUL = 364,0 m, B = 48,8 m, H = 29,8 m
SeaAsia No. 422007-04-03
Conclusions
• Container Ships have been stepwise enlarged but at present larger vessels are planned
• The strength of the container is the limiting factor for the principal dimensions
• At new designs the traditional deck house location will be modified due to visibility and fuel tank protection
• The location of the funnel is important to avoid soot problems
• The planned new dimensions of the Panama Canal will have an influence on container ship design
SeaAsia No. 432007-04-03
The End ?
Thank you for your attention
