Human Development
Katie Infante & Jody Osika
Human Development
Involves many different aspects of life
Ongoing process
Although development may follow the same basic outline, everyone develops differently
Jean Piaget
Four stages of development
Schemas
Egocentric talk
Metacognition
Classroom Application of
Piaget’s Theory Match student level of thinking
Provide opportunities for students to learn through
experience
Concrete -> Abstract
Make connections between old and new
Classroom Application of
Piaget’s Theory Reflect on our lessons. Ask ourselves the following
questions:
Did the lesson work?
What didn’t work?
Did the method used meet the needs of all my students?
What can I do to ensure the lesson will meet the needs of
my students in the future?
This website gives several ideas on how to incorporate
Piaget’s theories into instruction.
Lev Vygotsky
Social interaction
was a large part of his
cognitive development theory
Language = cultural tool
Internalization of social interactions
Imagination
Zone of Proximal Development
Scaffolding
Classroom Applications of
Vygotsky’s Theory
Appropriate development level
Perform activities on their own
Perform activities with others
Pennies to learn phonemic
awareness
Jerome Bruner
Modes of Representation: enactive, iconic & symbolic
Family Interaction
Linguistic Symbols
Scaffolding language acquisition
Classroom Application of
Bruner’s Theory Provide study materials, activities, and tools
Examples of all three to help children learn about dinosaurs
Construct a model of a cell (enactive)
Watch a film about cells (iconic)
Consult reference texts and discuss findings about cells (symbolic)
This website gives several examples of incorporating all 3
modes of representation
Bruner’s Theory Quiz To which mode of representation does this activity
belong:
Learning to form complete, correct sentences by
placing magnetic word cards on the chalkboard
Enactive
Iconic
Symbolic
CORRECT!
The Enactive mode
Incorrect We’re sorry, Please try again
Noam Chomsky
“Father of Modern Linguistics”
Similar beliefs as Bruner
Intuitive/innate knowledge was essential in language learning
Developed Principles & Parameters approach
Classroom Applications of
Chomsky’s Theory
Although parents are chief
source of language
acquisition, children have an
innate ability to master it
Language Development
Chomsky Vs. Piaget
• Believed various
components in
language acquisition
were innate
• Language
development was
continuous
• Believed language
acquisition was
through a process of
‘gradual stages’
• It was acquired
through
presentation of new
information and re-
assessment
Cognitive Development
Memory Techniques for Special Education
Tips To Maintain an Active Brain
Memory Development Strategies
Language Development
Related to Working Memory
Phonological Loop: phonological store and rehearsal
Critical Period Hypothesis
Language Development
Strategies For Class Language Development
Listening and Speech Activity
Scaffolding For Language Acquisition
Social Development
Kelvin Seifert (2010) states, “my assumption is
that early childhood classrooms are busy,
social places, and that teachers of the young
normally rely on the richness of that social life
to nudge or move children toward more mature
forms of thinking. From this perspective, social
experience is primarily construed as stimulus,
independent variable, or cause, and cognition
as response, outcome, or effect.”
Moral Development
Developing Morals: A Class
Discussion Activity
Disabilities There are a variety of disabilities that affect
development:
Physical
Sensory
Emotional disabilities
ADHD
Learning and reading difficulties
Auditory processing disorders
Autism Spectrum disorders
Environmental Influences
Socio-economic status
Family/Home life
Friends
School
“Genie” Here is the documentary titled, “Secret of the Wild Child” . The story
of Genie relates to human development and what could happen if
every aspect of human life was isolated for over 10 years.
“Genie” Part 1
“Genie” Part 2
“Genie” Part 3
“Genie” Part 4
“Genie” Part 5
“Genie” Part 6
Facts about “Genie” Feral Child
Spent first 13 years of life locked in bedroom strapped to a potty chair
She is said to be the victim of the worst case of social isolation in America
When found, she was initially nearly silent. Later learned to express
herself through language and signs