Human Impact on

EcosystemPresented by- Jyoti SarojDepartment.- Fisheries Resource ManagementCollege of Fisheries, Veraval

Introduction• Human survival depends on the health of the

ecosystem.

• Human harm the environment by causing global warming, habitat destruction and acid deposition.

• 90% depleted marine species

• Water pollution is devastating to people, animals, fishes and birds.

EcosystemIncludes all biotic and abiotic factors in

one particular environment

Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors

the living parts of an ecosystem

the non-living parts of an ecosystem

Impact of Nutrient(Inorganic) Pollution

Causes-• Eutrophication- Excess nutrient (Nitrogen and Phosphorus)

stimulate algal growth

Source- • surface runoff from fields • Sewage-treatment plants• cooling water in electricity

Impact of Organic Pollution

Causes-• Excess of organic manure

and sewage in water• Depletion of oxygen

Source-• Domestic sewage• Industrial effluent • Farm waters

Impact of Oil Pollution

Mostly Affected Aquatic animals-• Fish • And aquatic Birds

Source-• Oil spills• Normal operation of tankers• Coastal refineries• River runoff• Urban runoff and sewage

Oil Spill in Mumbai

Impact of Thermal Pollution Three major Causes of thermal pollution-• Use of water as a cooling agent• Soil erosion • Run-off from hot-paved surface

Thermal pollution can lead to a decrease in dissolved oxygen level in the water while increasing the biological demand of aquatic organisms for oxygen.

Impact of Radioactive PollutionSources of radioactive pollution-• Nuclear power plants• Medical waste• Mining of radioactive ore

Radioactive pollution can be a very dangerous thing because radiation mutates DNA, causing abnormal growth and possibly cancer.

Human Activity by Fishing Practices

Destructive Fishing practices-• Poison fishing• Explosive fishing

Effect of destructive fishing practices-

• Destroy habitat• Inhibits the growth of new corals• Reduces fish stocks• Loss of fishery jobs & income• Loss of lives• Loss of coastal protection and tourism

Human Impact on Coral Reef

• Coral mining, pollution, over fishing, blast fishing and the digging of

canals are serious threats to these ecosystems.

• Approximately 10% world’s coral reefs are already dead.

• About 60% of the world’s coral reef are at risk .

Impact of Global Warming on Sea• It is caused by the influx of human industry

and agriculture.• Greenhouse gases such as CO2 and

methane are responsible for Global Warming in Sea.

• Physical effects of ocean warming on marine populations:

• Changes in natural habitats and food supply• Changing ocean chemistry/acidification

Ocean Acidification

• It is caused by CO2.

• 30-40% of the CO2 released by humans

• Ocean acidification is a worldwide issue, it is more soluble in colder water

Impact of Sewage on Fish• Highly adversely affected fish and other

aquatic life.• Excess organic matter reduce the

dissolved oxygen content, adding stress to aquatic organisms and resulting in their death.

• Fish mortality is the most obvious indication of adverse effects of sewage.

Impact of Overfishing• Overfishing occur when fish and other marine

species are caught at a faster rate than they can reproduce.

• It has destroyed many of the traditional fishing industries of the world.

• Over fishing impacts not only the natural balance and health of our ocean but has also resulted in great financial loss.

Protection The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created in

1970.• Legislation helps to protect the environment and endangered species.• Clean Air Act• Clean Water Act• Endangered Species Act There are several ways that people can help protect the

environment.• Control population growth• Develop sustainable technology and practices• Protect and maintain ecosystems

Conclusion• Human survival and well-being totally depend on the

ecosystem.• Human activities can be direct threats to ecosystems.

They cause destruction, degradation, and the impairment of biodiversity.

• Human activities affect marine life as a result of pollution, overfishing, the introduction of invasive species, and acidification. All marine pollution has the potential to seriously damage marine habitats and life in the sea.

• Various laws and policies are created to protect our ecosystem.

Reference-

Dr. S. Ayyappan.; Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture; page no. (822-842)

WWW.wikipedia.com• Narasimha Moger.; KVAFSU, College of Fisheries, Mangalore,

Karnataka, India, “Human Impact on Marine Ecosystem.”• Holly Blazewicz & Joy Hurtault & Jason Hedlund.; “Human effects on

ecosystems”• Kleypas, Joan A.; (June 2006). "Impacts of Ocean Acidification on

Coral Reefs and Other Marine Calcifiers: A Guide for Future Research".

• Coral reefs around the world Guardian.co.uk, 2 September 2009

www.googleimage.com • Mr. Garside.; Mr. Jones.; Mr. Schumacher.; Mr. Wilcox

“Human Impact on Ecosystems” (2008 McDougal Littell ) • "Oil Spills and Disasters". Retrieved 2008-11-16. www.nass.gov • James W. Nybakken.; page no.(418-445) Marine biology An

Ecologycal Approach (forth edition)

Thank You