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Migration

10/13/2012 By Adil 2

Name: Adil Shaikh Class: Prep 2-N

Teacher: Miss Shafia Date: 13th October, 2012

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Table of Content

International migration Migration Statistics

Modern Migration-Industrialization

Modern Migration-World War1

Modern Migration-World War2 Modern Migration- Pakistan &

India

Rural-Urban Migration

Graph on Migration

German Migration Net migration in Pakistan Migration to Japan Urbanization

Human Migration People who migrate Definitions Immigration Emigration

Refugee Religious migrants Migrants due to Natural

Disasters

Permanent & TemporaryMigration

Seasonal Migration Forced Migration

Economic migrants

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Human Migration

Human migration (derived from Latin: migratio) isphysical movement by humans from one area toanother, sometimes over long distances or in largegroups.

Historically this movement was nomadic, oftencausing significant conflict with the indigenouspopulation and their displacement or culturalassimilation.

Migration has continued under the form of bothvoluntary migration within one's region, country, orbeyond and involuntary migration (which includesthe slave trade, trafficking in human

beings and ethnic cleansing).

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_assimilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_assimilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slaveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_traffickinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_traffickinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_cleansinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_cleansinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_traffickinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_traffickinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slaveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_assimilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_assimilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_language

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People who Migrate

People who migrate into a territory are calledimmigrants, while at the departure point theyare called emigrants.

Small populations migrating to develop aterritory considered void of settlementdepending on historical setting, circumstancesand perspective are referred to

as settlers or colonists While populations displaced by immigration and

colonization are called refugees.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugeeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugeeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration

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Definitions

Internal migration: the movement of people within acountry.

International migration: the movement of people

from one country to another. Planned migration: the movement of people that isencouraged and organized by a government.

Rural-Urban migration: the movement of people

from the rural area to urban area in a country. Urbanization: the increase in the proportion of a

countrys population that lives in its urban areas.

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Immigration

Immigration is people moving and settlingin a country or region to which they are

not native. Immigration is made for many reasons,

including temperature, breeding,

economic, political, family re-unification,natural disaster, poverty or the wish tochange one's surroundings voluntarily.

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Emigration

Emigration is the act of permanently leaving one'scountry or region to settle in another.

It is the same as immigration but from the

perspective of the country of origin. Human movement in general is termed migration.

There are many reasons why people might chooseto emigrate.

Better economic opportunity is a "pull" factor, as is aquest for a better climate.

Fears of poverty or of religious or politicaldiscrimination are "push" factors.

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Refugee

A refugee is a person who is outside theircountry of origin or habitual residencebecause they have suffered persecution onaccount of race, religion, nationality, politicalopinion, or because they are a member of apersecuted 'social group'.

Such a person may be referred to as an'asylum seeker' until recognized by the state

where he or she makes his or her claim.

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Faith on the move: Religious

Migrants Changes in religious demography are oftenconsequences, and often goals, of human massmigration to other territories.

Often, the goals of a political migration is toestablish a territory and government which is biasedtowards and welcoming of members of the samesect.

In 1947, upon the Partition of India, largepopulations moved from India to Pakistan and viceversa, depending on their religious beliefs.

Nowadays some countries have strict controls which

prevent migrants from entering their countries. 10By Adil10/13/2012

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Migrants due to natural

disasters Natural disasters such as floods, cyclones

and earthquakes may cause people to

move away from their homes. This is the case particularly when their

livelihoods as well as their homes have

been destroyed.

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Permanent and Temporary

Migration Permanent: Migrants intend to establish their

permanent residence in a new country andpossibly obtain that countrys citizenship.

Temporary: Migrants intend only to stay for alimited period of time; perhaps until the end of aparticular program of study or for the duration

of their work contract or a certain work season. Both types of migrants have a significant effect

on the economies and societies of the chosendestination country and the country of origin.

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Seasonal Migration

Seasonal human migration is verycommon in agricultural cycles.

It includes migrations such as movingsheep or cattle to higher elevations duringsummer to escape heat and find moreforage.

Human labor often moves with fruitharvest, or to other crops that requiremanual picking.

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Forced Migration

Forced migration (also called deracination- originally a French word meaning

uprooting) refers to the coercedmovement of a person or persons awayfrom their home or home region.

It often connotes violent coercion, and isused interchangeably with the terms"displacement" or forced displacement.

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Economic Migrants

The term economic migrant refers to someone whohas emigrated from one region to another region forthe purposes of seeking employment or improvedfinancial position.

An economic migrant is distinct from someone whois a refugee fleeing persecution.

Many countries have immigration and visa

restrictions that prohibit a person entering thecountry for the purposes of gaining work without avalid work visa. Persons who are declared aneconomic migrant can be refused entry into a

country. 15By Adil10/13/2012

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International Migration

International migration occurs when peoples crossstate boundaries and stay in the host state for someminimum length of time.

Migration occurs for many reasons. Many peopleleave their home countries in order to look foreconomic opportunities in another country.

Others migrate to be with family members who havemigrated or because of political conditions in theircountries.

Education is another reason for internationalmigration, as students pursue their studies abroad.

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Migration Statistics According to the International Organization for

Migration's World Migration Report 2010, the

number of international migrants was estimated at214 million in 2010. If this number continues to grow at the same pace

as during the last 20 years, it could reach 405million by 2050.

While some modern migration is a byproduct ofwars (for example, emigration from Iraq and Bosniato the US and UK), political conflicts (for example,some emigration from Zimbabwe to the UK), andnatural disasters (for example, emigration fromMontserrat to the UK following the eruption of theisland's volcano), contemporary migration ispredominantly economically motivated.

In particular, there are wide disparities in theincomes that can be earned for similar work indifferent countries of the world. 17

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration

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Modern Migration-Industrialization

Industrialization encouraged migration wherever itappeared.

The increasingly global economy globalized thelabor market.

TheAtlantic slave trade diminished sharply after1820, which gave rise to self-bound contractlabor migration from Europe and Asia to plantations.

Overpopulation, open agricultural frontiers, andrising industrial centers attracted voluntarymigrants.

Moreover, migration was significantly made easierby improved transportation techniques.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_tradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indentured_servanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indentured_servanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indentured_servanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indentured_servanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_tradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution

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Migration- World War 1

The twentieth century experienced also an increasein migratory flows caused by war and politics.

Muslims moved from the Balkan to Turkey, whileChristians moved the other way, during the collapseof the Ottoman Empire.

Four hundred thousand Jews moved to Palestine inthe early twentieth century.

The Russian Civil War caused some three millionRussians, Poles and Germans to migrate out of theSoviet Union. World War II and decolonization alsocaused migrations

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Civil_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decolonizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decolonizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Civil_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire

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Migration- World War 2

After the Holocaust (1938 to 1945), there wasincreased migration to the British Mandate ofPalestine, which became the modern stateofIsrael as a result of the United Nations PartitionPlan for Palestine.

Hundreds of thousands of Poles, Ukrainians,Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians and someBelarusian's were expelled eastwards from Europe

to the Soviet Union. Finally, many of the severalhundred thousand Jews remaining in Eastern Europeafter the Holocaust migrated outsideEurope to Israel and the United States.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocausthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Mandate_of_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Mandate_of_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Mandate_of_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Mandate_of_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Mandate_of_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berihahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berihahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berihahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berihahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berihahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berihahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Mandate_of_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Mandate_of_Palestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust

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MigrationPakistan-India

In 1947, upon the Partition of India, largepopulations moved from India to Pakistan and viceversa, depending on their religious beliefs. Thepartition was promulgated in the Indian

Independence Act 1947 as a result of the dissolutionof the British Indian Empire. The partition displacedup to 12.5 million people in the former British IndianEmpire, with estimates of loss of life varying fromseveral hundred thousand to a million.

n modern India, estimates based on industry sectorsmainly employing migrants suggest that there arearound 100 million circular migrants in India.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indian_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indian_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_India

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Rural-Urban MigrationPush Factors

Not enough jobs

Few opportunities

Primitive conditionsDesertificationFamine or droughtPolitical fear or persecutionSlavery or forced laborPoor medical care

Loss of wealthNatural disastersDeath threatsLack of political or religious freedomPollutionPoor housing

Landlord/tenant issuesBullyingDiscriminationPoor chances of marryingCondemned housing (radon gas, etc.)War

Pull Factors

Job opportunities

Better living conditions

Political and/or religious freedomEnjoymentEducationBetter medical careAttractive climatesSecurity

Family linksIndustryBetter chances of marrying

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Graph on Migration

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German Migration

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Net Migration in Pakistan

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Migration in Japan

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Urbanization Urbanization, urbanization or urban drift is the

physical growth of urban areas as a result of ruralmigration and even suburban concentration intocities, particularly the very largest ones.

It closely linked to modernization, industrialization,

and the sociological process of rationalization. Urbanization can describe a specific condition at a

set time, i.e. the proportion of total population orarea in cities or towns, or the term can describe the

increase of this proportion over time. So the term urbanization can represent the level of

urban relative to overall population, or it canrepresent the rate at which the urban proportion is

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