Human Physiology - HMU College of Pharmacypha.hmu.edu.krd/Portals/0/2nd Physiology-Physical... ·...

1

Human Physiology Course

Coordinator and list of teachers

1. name of the course : Human Physiology 2rd

year

2. Lecturer in charge: Dr. Sherwan Rahman Sulaiman

3. Dept. : Pharmacology &Toxicology

4. Contact :

Address: Hawler Medical University

College of Pharmacy / Dept: Pharmacology &Toxicology

Email : [email protected]

Website link: www.hawlermu.org

5. Participant lecturers :

1.Dr. Sherwan Rahman Sulaiman

2.MSC.Muhamad yousif merza

3.BSC.Shaheen hazim mustafa

Course Overview

To develop an understanding physiological function of all the systems in the body

Course objective The course is to integrate the individual function of all the body's different cells and organ into a

functional whole ;the human body indeed. Life in human being relies upon this total function ,not

on the functions of single pain isolated from the others, therefore one of the principle goals of

physiology is to emphasize the effectiveness of the body's haemostatic mechanism in health and h

http://www.hawlermu.org/

2

Course Reading List:

1. Review of Medical physiology W.F Canon

2. Textbook of Medical A.C Guyton

Syllabus:

1. Course title: physiology 2st year.

2. course number 120/ number of credits 6: 3hr theory 3hr practice /

3.The course complies the following:

Introduction – physiology of all systems in the body

4. Course Participants 2st years pharmacy students.

5. Instructors :

1.Dr. Sherwan Rahman Sulaiman

2.MSC.Muhamad yousif merza

3.BSC.Shaheen hazim mustafa

6. Course length 30 weeks (yearly program)

7. Teaching methods – Theory (power point presentation) / practical (video , CD, Dissection of cadvers)

- plastic models

- radiological anatomy

- X ray film

- MRI , CT Scan films

Assessment (grading): summative assessment:

1st semester 20%:

2nd

semester 20%:

Final 60%

Outline of course:

Theory

Subject Lecturer No of hrs

1- Introduction of medical physiology Dr. Sherwan 1

2-cells physiology 1

3-physiology of the plasma membrane 1

4-transport mechanisms across plasma(the principles of) 1

5-homeostasis and feedback mechanism 1

6-physiology of blood ;introduction 1

3

7-the plasma :contets and functions

8-the RBC :structure and function

9-the WBC: :structure and function

10-the platelets and their role in the body function

11-hemostasis in detail

12-hemoglobinopathies and clinical implication

13-physiology of the cardiovascular system: introduction

14-functional anatomy and histology of the heart

15- functional anatomy and histology of blood vessels

16-cardiac cycle

17-cardio-dynamics: changes in the volume and pressure in the heart

chambers

18-the conducting system of the heart

19-ECG and its implication

20-physiological basis of blood pressure

21-mechanism of BP regulation: short, intermediate and long term

regulation

22-blood flow in the vascular system and its regulation

23-cardiovascular center of the brain

24-receptors of the cardiovascular system

25-pathophysiology of the shock

26-physiology of the respiratory system :introduction

27-functional anatomy and histology of the respiratory tract

28-Functions of nasal cavity, air sinuses, ear, pharynx, larynx, and treachea

29-functions of bronchial tree

30-respiretory volumes

31-respiretory cycle and aerodynamics

32-regulation of air flow in the respiratory tubes

33-Pathophysiology of air way obstruction and restruction

34-physiology of gastro-intestinal tract : introduction

35-functional anatomy and histology of the GIT

36-mouth, buccal cavity and saliva:the esophagus

37-physiology of stomach

38-hormones of GIT

39-Movements in GIT :small and large intestine peristalsis and mass

movement

40-accessory glands of the GIT :the pancreas, liver and gallbladder

41-short and long reflexes in GIT

42-clinical implication in GIT

43-Pathophysiology of constipation and diarrhea

44-pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome

45-effect of nervous and endocrine system on GIT

4

Title notes hours

1-the kidneys (renal system):introduction

2-functionalanatomy and histology of the renal system

3-the nephron: the ultimate unit

4- urine formation process :filtration, reabsorbtion, and secretion

5-loop of henle and the counter current multiplication mechanism

6-the endocrine role of the kidneys :the rennin-angiotensin aldosterone

system(RAAS)

7-transport mechanism in different parts of the nephron

8-dilution and concentration of urine

9-drugs and toxin excretion by the kidneys

10-fluid and electrolyte balance :role of the kidney

11-acid base balance: role of the kidney

12-physiology of the endocrine system: introduction

13-functional anatomy and histology of the endocrine system

14-thalamus and hypothalamus physiology

15-the concept of a hormone and a receptor

16-the endocrine ,paracrine, and autocrine fashion of hormonal action

17-the pituitary gland physiology

18-thyriod and parathyroid glands physiology

19-ovaries and testes physiology

20-the adrenal medulla physiology

21-the endocrine control of the body system mechanism

22-hormones as medical treatment :benefit and hazards

23-physiology of the nervous :introduction

24-functional anatomy and histology of the nervous system

25-the central nervous system and higher functions

26-brain and spinal cord control of the body functions

27-the motor system: physiology of…….

28-components and role of the sensory system

29-autonomic nervous system functional structure

30- receptors of the ANS

31-effects of the sympathetic nervous system

32-neurotransmeter of the nervous system

33-effect of sympathetic nervous system

34--effect of parasympathetic nervous system

35-the sensory system: : physiology of…….

36-the synapse: physiology of…….

37-the cranial nerves

38-physiology of the special senses ,eye ,ear, tongue

39-the similarities and differences between nervous and endocrine

system

40-physiology of the muscle :introduction

41-24-functional anatomy and histology of themuscle

42-sliding filament theory of the muscle

43-tetanus and pathophysiology of muscle diseases

44-the smooth muscle physiology

45-effect of exercise on muscle action

5

Practical Syllabus

1-Red blood cell count Lecturer hour

2-total white blood cell count

3-diffrential white cell count

4-estimation of hemoglobin by sahi s method

5-packed cell volume, and blood indices

6-estimation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate

7-estimation of bleeding time and clotting time

8-determination of blood group and matching test

9-osmotic fragility of red cells

10-injection techniques

11- cardio-pulmonary resuscitation

12-estimation of vital capacity and

13-acuty of vision and visual reflex

14-measurement of blood pressure in man

15-the effect of exercise on blood pressure

16-electrocardiography ECG

17-ECG normal axis of the heart and axis deviation

18-clinical examination of cranial nerves

Student's Feedback on the Subject

Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor No. Evaluation Question Subject's

Level 1-5

Subjective

Remarks

1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear

2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main objects

of the course

3 The material were prepared carefully as needed

4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the principles, contents and the important points of the subject simply and properly.

5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention.

6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was committed to the

duration of the lecture.

7 The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was clam and respectful

8 The slides used in the lecturer were clear and attractive

9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a chance for question

and comments. His/her answers were complete

10 The reading sources are new and compliable with the subject.

Total of the level

Students to evaluate the level of the contents

1 2 3 4 5

Poor Accept Medium Good Very good

6



Level 1-5

Subjective

Remarks


2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the

main objects of the course


4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the principles, contents and the important points of the subject simply and

properly.


6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was committed to the duration of the lecture.



9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a chance for question and comments. His/her answers were complete


Total of the level


1 2 3 4 5



Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor No

.

Evaluation Question Subject's

Level 1-5

Subjective

Remarks


2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main objects of the course


4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the principles,

contents and the important points of the subject simply and properly.


6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was

committed to the duration of the lecture.



9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a chance for

question and comments. His/her answers were complete


Total of the level


1 2 3 4 5


7

Examinations:

- The exams will be held during the course.

- Quizzes – during the practical hours.

- Theoretical exams: one per semester.

- Practical exams: one or two per semester.

- Final exam – Theoretical, Practical and Oral.

Theoretical: exams will be mixed

- MCQ. (Multiple choices questions)

- SCQ. (Single choices Questions)

- Short Essays

- Diagrams

- Anatomical Examinations

Practical exam:

- spot Diagnosis with related Questions

- X ray , MRI Spot Diagnosis

- Osteology

- Oral exam: will be held through a committee

On Answering: the student should

- read the question carefully

- Think carefully before answering

- Plan your answering

- Answer should contain preface , content and conclusion

- Answer should be precise and to the point

Samples of the expected questions and their answers:

*MCQ – sample:

In the hand:

- (T) a – all intrinsic muscles of hand are supplied by T1 Nerve.

- (T) b – superficial palmer arch lies distal to deep one.

- (T) c – infection in mid palmer space may reach to forearm

- (F) d – median nerve supplies sensory digital branches to little finger

*SCQ – sample

- All following are derived from deep fascia except:

A – lingamants

B – Muscles

C – bursae

D – retinacelae

- Short essays

Give a short account on cubital fossa

- Anatomical Explanations.

- Wrist drop in fracture mid-shaft of humerus

Answer – due to injury of radial nerve us it passes in radial groove of humerus resulting in

paralysis of all extensors of wrist.

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Student's Feedback on the Course


Level 1-5 Subjective Remarks


2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main objects of

the course

3 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and prepare the material

4 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and prepare the course

5 The lecturer were carefully selected and were expert in their field

6 The coordinator teacher gave a good attention to the student's criticism and claim

7 Information on the Examination process was well provided

8 The questions of the exam were related to the content of the course

9 Total of the level

10 There is a potential to promote and develop the course in the following areas:

9

Physical Pharmacy

Course Coordinator and list of teachers

1. Name of the course : Physical Pharmacy 2nd

year

2. Lecturer. in charge : Dr. Muhanad S. Mawlood.

3. Dept. : Pharmaceutics

4. Contact :


College of Pharmacy

Email: [email protected]

Tel. 07504382940, 07702796017


Course Overview

Physical pharmacy attempts to integrate the factual knowledge of pharmacy through the

development of broad principles of its own, and aids the pharmacist, the pharmacologist, and the

pharmaceutical chemist in their attempt to predict the solubility, stability, compatibility, and the

biologic action of the drug products.

Understanding the role of the dissolution step of the solid dosage form, improves the bioavailability

of the drugs in the body. Recognizing clearly the interfacial phenomena and surfactants gives the

pharmacist a big help in formulation difficulties.

Understanding the reaction kinetics of the ingredients used, assures good drug handling and storage

condition. Finally with this knowledge, the pharmaceutical scientist is in better position to develop

new drugs and dosage forms and to improve upon various modes of admistration.

Course Objectives

Students are able to:

1. Determine the kinetics of the reactions.

2. Discuss the dissolution process, diffusion, and factors affecting these

processes.

3. Demonstrate the role of the dissolution and diffusion in the

bioavailability.

4. Discuss clearly the interfacial phenomena and its role in drug

delivery.

5. Discuss the adsorption of gases on solid surfaces and the use of

Freundlich isotherms.

6. Define the various terminology used in the field of rheology.

mailto:[email protected]


10


Physical Pharmacy (Alfred Martain)

Physical Pharmacy ( S.P. Agarwal)

Syllabus:

3. Course title: Physical Pharmacy

6. Credit Hours : 3hr theory ,3hr practice .

7. Course Participants 2nd

year pharmacy students.

8. Instructors :

-Dr. Muhanad S. Mawlood.

8. Course length 30 weeks (yearly program)

9. Teaching methods – Theory (power point presentation) / practical:

Experimental procedures.

Assessment (grading): summative assessment:

1st semester 20%:

2nd

semester 20%:

Final exam: 60%:

Outline of course:


1- State of matter Muhanad S. Mawlood. 12

Gas, liquid, solid and crystalline, liquid crystals. 3

Phase rule, phase equilibrium and Sublimation 4

Aerosols 1

Vapor pressure 2

Eutectic mixtures 2


2-Solutions: Muhanad S. Mawlood. 14

Classification of solutions and

Properties of solutions.

2

Solution of non electrolytes 6

ideal and real solution 2

Colligative properties and molecular weight

determination.

4


3- solution of electrolyte Muhanad S. Mawlood. 6

Properties, Arrhenius theory of dissociation. 3

Ionic strength, debye- Huchle theory 3


4.Ionic equilibria Muhanad S. Mawlood. 6

Modern theories of acids, bases and salts. 2

11

Acid- base equilibrium 2

Calculation of PH 2


5- Buffer and isotonic solutions Muhanad S. Mawlood. 7

Buffer equation, buffer capacity 2

Buffer in pharmaceutical and biological systems 2

Buffered isotonic solutions and methods of adjusting

tonocity

3


6.Interfacial phenomena Muhanad S. Mawlood. 8

Surface and interfacial tension 2

Measurement of interfacial tension 2

Spreading coefficient 2

Surface active agent 2


7.Complexation Muhanad S. Mawlood. 6

Classification 2

Method of analysis 2

Thermodynamic treatment of stability constant 2


8.Kinetics Muhanad S. Mawlood. 8

Rate and order of reactions 2

Influence of temp. and other factors on reaction rate 3

Decomposition of medical

Agents and accelerated stability analysis.

5


9.solubility and distribution phenomena Muhanad S. Mawlood. 7

Solvent –solute interaction, solubility of gas in liquids . 3

Solubility of liquids in liquids 2

Solubility of non ionic solids in liquids 2


10.colloids Muhanad S. Mawlood 5

Dispersed system and pharmaceutical application of colloids 3

Kinetic properties of colloids( diffusion, sedimentation,

electrical properties)

2

12


11.Micrometers Muhanad S. Mawlood. 3

Methods for determining particles size, shape, surface. 2

Methods for determining particles surface area, porosity, and

density.

1


12.polymer science Muhanad S. Mawlood. 3

Pharmaceutical application 2

Definition and molecular weight averages 1


13.Rheology Muhanad S. Mawlood 5

Newtonian system, non Newtonian system 3

Thixotropy measurement, negative Thixotropy and

determination

2

Practical Syllabus 90hr.

3 hr. / week.

Solutions, types of solutions, properties of solutions, factors that effect on

solubility

1. PH

2. Temperature

3. Co-solvents

4. Chemical modifications

5. Surfactants

12 hrs.

Solubilization of aspirin 6 hrs.

Partition coefficient 6 hrs.

Two component systems (phenol and water) 6 hrs

Buffer solution and determination of buffer capacity 3 hrs

Isotonic solution and measurement of osmolality 6 hrs

Surface tensions, measurements of surface tension. 3 hrs

Capillary rise method 6 hrs

Drop weight method 3 hrs

Drop number method 6 hrs

Adsorption isotherm 6 hrs

Determination of density of liquids 3 hrs

Determination of bulk density 6 hrs

Determination of viscosity of liquids by ostwalds viscometer 3 hrs

Accelerated stability testing based on Arrhenius principle 6 hrs

Physical stability of suspension 6 hrs

Physical stability of emulsion 3 hrs

13



Level 1-5 Subjective

Remarks 1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main

objects of the course

3 The material were prepared carefully as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the principles, contents

and the important points of the subject simply and properly.

5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was committed to

the duration of the lecture.

7 The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was clam and respectful 8 The slides used in the lecturer were clear and attractive 9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a chance for



Total of the level


1 2 3 4 5




. Evaluation Question Subject's











Total of the level


1 2 3 4 5


14














Total of the level


1 2 3 4 5


Examinations:





- Final exam – Theoretical, Practical .




- Short Essays

- Diagrams

-

Practical exam:

- Short Essays

- Oral exam







Samples of the expected questions:

*MCQ – sample:

Chose the most appropriate answer from the followings

1. For the wetting of a solid by a liquids, the contact angle (in degrees)

should have a value nearly

15

a . 0

b. 90

c. 180

d.270

- Short essays

Give reasons for the capillary rise of water, when a capillary is placed in a beaker of water.

Derive an equation for the determination of surface tension of water by the capillary rise

method.





Remarks 1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main objects of

the course

3 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and prepare the material 4 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and prepare the course 5 The lecturer were carefully selected and were expert in their field 6 The coordinator teacher gave a good attention to the student's criticism and claim 7 Information on the Examination process was well provided 8 The questions of the exam were related to the content of the course 9 Total of the level 10 There is a potential to promote and develop the course in the following areas:


1 2 3 4 5


16

Hawler Medical University

College Of Pharmacy

Dept. Of Pharmaceutical

Chemistry Course Book

Pharmaco-economic

Lecturer: Dr. Kemal Surji Email: [email protected]

Pharmaco-economic Course Coordinator and list of teachers

l. Name of the course : Healthcare Management and Economics

2. Lecturer in charge: Dr. Kemal Surji

3. Department: Pharmaceutical chemistry

4. Contact :


College of Pharmacy / Pharmaceutical chemistry




mailto:Email:%[email protected]


17

Course Overview:-

This course offers an introductory to management and leadership including the types and the five

function of management as it relates to healthcare management. The course also discusses the

leadership and its function, duties and leadership styles.

Furthermore, the importance of public relation as it relates to healthcare management has been

discussed.

Marketing and related terms that is useful to any organization such as product development, market

research, advertizing, publicity, and promotion and selling have been explained in a simple to

understand language.

Another important subject that is the backbone of any organization is the human resource

management with the complete discussion of communication, recruitments, evaluation and

retention of employees. The chapter offers useful information in regards to interview and hiring

process; problem solving between individuals and groups. Math problems and important

terminology relating to human resources.

Treatment of economic theory with some discussion of policy applications and economic

institutions. Most of the course can be divided into two broad segments: microeconomics and

macroeconomics. Microeconomics analyzes the interactions of individual consumers (households)

and producers (firms) in specific markets (e.g., the market for shoes or automobiles). A major

theme of this section will concern the strengths and weaknesses of markets as a mechanism for

coordinating the production and distribution of goods and services. Macroeconomics, on the other

hand, focuses at the national level, examining the determination of important national variables,

such as the level and rate of growth of output (gross domestic product), the rate of inflation, the

level of unemployment, as well as flows of imports and exports and the balance of trade. A major

theme of the course will concern the potential for government policy to improve or hinder economic

performance at either the microeconomic or macroeconomic level.

Course Objectives

1. Provide students with the basic understanding of management and

leadership.

2. To introduce the student to basic marketing principle.

3. Help students to understand the human resource management.

4. Provide an introduction to basic economics principles of microeconomics

and macroeconomics. 5. Successful completion of the course should give you a basic

understanding of the overall management and economic process in any

organization or institution.

6. To enable you as future health care managers to play positive roles in the reform of health care

18


l. Text Book - Introduction to Basic Management Practice and Leadership By Dr. Kemal Surji

Syllabus:

1. Course title: Healthcare management and Economics

2. Number of credits : 2hr Lecture and discussion

(1 semester = 15 weeks) The course complies the following: Management and Leadership: • Management Definition •Types of management • Five function of management including Planning, Staffing, Organizing, Directing, and Coordinating. •Leadership and four function of the leadership •Duties of leadership.

•Leadership styles. • Public relation • Marketing

•Marketing terminology Human Resource management: • Communication •Recruitments, evaluation, and retention •Job terms, Job application, and interview process •Hiring process, wage scale. •Problem solving between employees •Math problems relating to human resources • Terminology

Economics:

• Economic definition

•Why study economics

• Micro and Macroeconomics • Demand and Supply factors

• Demand and Supply Curve

• Economic System (Capitalism, planned economics, Mixed market economics) • Four different types of market structure ( Pure competition, Monopolistic competition, Oligopoly, Monopoly)

• Four stages of business cycle (Prosperity, Recession, Depression, Recovery)

• The stability of nation's economy • Monetary policy and fiscal policy

• Expansionary monetary and restrictive policy

• Major global economic challenges of 2 1s` century

Assignment:

This will be individual or group exercises 'either take-home or in-class participation are

required; students are encouraged to work together. The assignments will be given during the class

lecture hours and all assignments must be completed by the specified time as scheduled by your

instructor. Make-up assignments are accepted only for special circumstances. Further instructions will

be provided in class.

19

Assessment (grading): summative assessment: Classroom assignments and

participation: 10%

Mid exam: 30% & Final exam: 60%

Please note:

In the course outline below, weekly course schedule, is subject to change depending on circumstances

and ability of students' comprehension as to how fast and how slow the schedule will be progressing.

Outline of course:

Subject Week 1 Lecturer No. of hrs

Introduction Dr. Kemal Surji 30

1.General introduction of self and students. 2

2. Overview of the syllabus, Course long plan, discussion of

expectations, questions and answers regarding the subject.

3. Introduction to management and overall subject.


Management and leadership Dr. Kemal Surji

l.Introduction to management and leadership. 2

2. What is management?.

3. types of management.

4. Function of management.


Management and leadership Dr. Kemal Surji

1.Leadership,

2. four functions of leadership, I

3. duties of a leader,

4. leadership styles,

5. Public relations

Subject Week 4 Lecturer I No. of hrs

Marketing Dr. Kemal Surji

20

1. What is marketing?, 2

2. Research, planning, analysis,

advertisement, public relations,

community involvement, Product development.

3. Market research, promotions, selling.

Assignment: to develop a power

point presentation for a '

pharmaceutical product of your

choice to promote to public in an

appealing and desirable way in order

to succeed in today's competitive

world of business. For week 5

Subject Week 5 Lecturer No. of hrs.

Marketing Assignment Dr. Kemal Surji 2

Power-point presentation by groups


Exam # 1 Dr. Kemal Surji 2


Human Resource Management Dr. Kemal Surji

1. Introduction, 2

2. Communication and its process,

3. Barriers to communication,

4. the five types of communications,

5. recruiting and evaluation,

retention including job terms, job

application and its requirement.

6. Interview process

21



1. Interview questions 2

2. Hiring Process

3. wage scales

4. Retention

5. Staff recognition

6. problem solving ,

7. Fair labor standards

8. Overtime pay



Math problems 2

1.Employee needed

2. Waste time

3. Turn Over

4. Daily Absentee rate

5. Salary


Human Resource Management Dr. Kemal Surji 2

Quiz relating to the chapter

Important terminology as it is

specified at the end of chapter

Practice with math questions. And

overall review for mid term exam.



Test Mid Term

Assignment: Group assignment

relating to human resource. Choose

an organization preferably a

healthcare organization and evaluate

their human resource as to number

of employees, hiring procedure,

recruitment, evaluation and

22

retention, staff recognition,

problem solving skills, %turnover

and why, Salary and overtime etc.

What can they do to improve their

employment situation?

For week 12



Presentation of group assignment by all groups


Economics Dr. Kemal Surji 2

1. Introduction

2. what is economy

3. why study economy

4. Markets

5. Microeconomics

6. Macroeconomics



1. Factors that drive demand and supply.

2. Demand curve

3. Supply Curve

4. Economic systems

5. four different types of market

23

Structure

1.Four stages of business cycle

Prosperity,

Recession,

Depression

Recovery



1. the stability of nations economy

Productivity

Price level changes

Employment level

2.Monetary & Fiscal policy

3. Expansionary & Restrictive

Monetary policy

4. Major global economic

challenges of the 21" century The

five key challenges.

Review for the final exam

Examinations:


- Quizzes - during the Lecture hours.

- Exam One: during the first 5 weeks of the course

- Mid Term: one per semester: Usually by week 10

- Final exam - A comprehensive exam given at the completion of the course.



- Short answers or fill the blanks

24

On Answering: the student should - Read the question carefully - Think carefully before

answering

- Choose the best answer

- Circle the letter corresponding to the best answer chosen


The five functions of management are all of the following except:

A.Planning

B. Staffing

C. Sneezing

D.Directing


Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor

No. Evaluation Question Subject's Level

1-5 Subjective Remarks

1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were Clear

2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to I

the main objects of the course 3 The material were prepared

Careful as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while

lecturing tried to analyze the principles, contents and the important points of the subject

Simply and properly. 5 The lecturer/tutor while

lecturing kept m attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the

classroom on time and was committed to the duration of the Lecture.

7 The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was clam and Respectful


9 At the end of the lecture, the Lecturer gave the students a chance for question and comments His/her answers . were complete


Total of the level


1 2 3 4 5 Poor Accept Medium Good Very good

25



No. Evaluation Question Subject's Level 1-5 Subjective Remarks 1 The objectives and key

massages of the subject were clear



4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the principles, contents and the important points of the subject

simply and properly. 5 The lecturer/tutor while

lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the

classroom on time and was committed to the duration of the lecture.



9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a chance for question and comments. His/her answers were complete


Total of the level


1 2 3 4 5

I Poor Accept Medium Good Very good

26

Student's Feedback on the Subject Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor


massages of the subject were clear



4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the principles, contents and the important points of the subject simply an properly.

5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing e pt my attention.




9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a chance for question and

comments. His/her answers were complete

10 The reading sources are new and com liable with the subject.

Total of the level


1 2 3 4 5 poor Accept Medium Good Very good

27



No. Evaluation Question Subject's Subjective Remarks

Level 1-5 1 The objectives and key massages of

the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the

were useful and related to the main objects of the course

3 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and prepare the

material 4 The coordinator teacher had worked

hard to cooperate and prepare the

course 5 The lecturer were carefully selected

and were expert in their field 6 The coordinator teacher gave a good

attention to the student's criticism and claim



9 Total of the level 10 There is a potential to promote and

develop the course in the following

areas:


1 2 3 4 5

poor Accept Medium Good Very good

28

Hawler Medical University

College Of Pharmacy

Dept. Of Pharmaceutical

Chemistry Course Book

Financial Accounting

Lecturer: Dr. Kemal Surji Email: [email protected]

Financial Accounting Course Coordinator and list of teachers

1. Name of the course : Financial Accounting 2. Lecturer in charge: Dr. Kemal Surji 3. Department: Pharmaceutical chemistry 4. Contact:

Address: Hawler Medical University College of Pharmacy / Pharmaceutical Chemistry Email: [email protected]

Website link: www.hawlermu.org 5. Participant lecturers :

mailto:Email:%[email protected]



29

Course Overview

The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the concepts of financial accounting and its underlying assumptions. This introductory accounting course assumes no prior academic knowledge of accounting and is designed for both accounting and non-accounting majors. We will discuss how to prepare and how to use financial statements. We will also talk about the limitations of financial statements. The presentation will consist of moderately technical expositions of concepts and materials. The students will also be able to use and define the financial terminology and work out math problems relating to finance and accounting situations.

Course Objectives

l. Provide students with the basic understanding of financial accounting concept. 2. Help students to comprehend the framework of accounting theory, the basic accounting cycle

and financial statement preparation. 3. Help students to understand and comprehend the basic balance sheet, income statement and

cash flow statement. 4. Develop students' ability to use financial accounting information in different decision

making scenarios.


l. Text Book - Introduction to Basic Management Practice and Leadership: Financial

accounting

By Dr. Kemal Surji

30

Syllabus: 1. Course title: Financial Accounting

2. Number of credits : 1hour Lecture and discussion/week (1 semester = 15 weeks)

The course complies the following:

Pharmaceutical Program: • Terminology • Drug Administration • Labeling of prescription drugs • Therapeutic action of drugs • Record keeping • Inventory control

• Math problem

Financial Accounting:

• Introduction

• Financial planning

• Budget

• Interpreting financial statement

• Cash flow, needs and trends

• Billing collection and banking

• Account aging and payable • Inventory • Purchasing requirements

• Quality standards

• Risk management

• Balance sheet • Income statement

• Budget and cash-flow statement

• Math problems relating to financial accounting • Terminology

Assignment:

This will be individual or group exercises either take-home or in-class participation are required;

students are encouraged to work together. The assignments will be given during the class lecture hours

and all assignments must be completed by the specified time as scheduled by your instructor. Make-up

assignments are accepted only for special circumstances. Further instructions will be provided in class.

Assessment (grading): summative assessment: Classroom assignments and participation: 10%

Exam One: 30%

31

Final exam: 60% Please note: In the course outline below, weekly course schedule, is subject to change depending on

circumstances and ability of students' comprehension as to how fast and how slow the schedule will be

progressing.

Outline of course:


Introduction Dr. Kemal Surji 15

1.General introduction of self and students. 1

2. Overview of the syllabus, Course long plan,

discussion of expectations, questions and answers

regarding the subject.

3. Introduction to Financial accounting and overall subject.

Subject Week 2 Lecturer No. of hus

Pharmaceutical Program Dr. Kemal Surji

1.Introduction to Pharmaceutical program, 1

2. What is pharmacy?

3. terminology,

4. Times of medication administration.

5. Discussion of pharmacy practice ..(here vs west)

Assignment: right one page to describe the study of pharmacy Assignment due on

program and why do you want to study this subject. week 3


Pharmaceutical Program Dr. Kemal Surji

I.Turn in the assignment 1

2. Drug administration

3. Labeling of prescription drug

4. Therapeutic action of drugs

5. Record keeping

6. Inventory control and Accountability

7. Math problem

Subject Week 4

Lecturer No. of hrs

Financial Accounting Dr. Kemal Surji

1 .Introduction I

2. Accounting

32

3. Accounting information used by

4. Three basic business activity

5. Types of accountants

6. Accounting process

7. Basic accounting equation

8. IASC

9. Exam next week (week 5)


Exam 1 Pharmacy program Dr. Kemal Surji 1

Subject Week 6 Lecturer No. of hours N

o.

o

f

h

rs


1. Financial planning Budgets Integrated Budget 1 '

2.Capital = Assets/Liability

3.Cost control Program

4.Cash verses accrual



1. Interpreting Financial statement Assets,Liability,Net-worth 1

2. Depreciation

3. Math Problem Straight line depreciation



l. Salvage Value 1

2. Funding

3. Financial analysis

4. Fixed VS Variable costs

5. Compensation

6. Fringe benefits



1. Cash flow, needs and trends 1

2. Billing and collection procedures

3 .Banking

33

4. account aging

5. Account Payable control system



1

2. Inventory

3. Purchasing order

4. Quality standard

5. Risk management



1. Areas of concerns and examples 1

2. Major accident hazards

3. Balance sheet Liability and Net-Worth

4. Math problems Simple interest

5. Announcing Mid-Term Exam



Mid Term Exam 1



Dr. Kemal Surji

l.Income Statement 1

2.Math Problems Operating cost per resident

Subject Week 14

Lecturer No. of hrs


].Monthly Budget & Cash-Flow Statement

1

2.Math Problems: Percent Of occupancy

Subject Week 15

Lecturer No. of hrs


1.Matla Problems: 1

Payback period

34

Examinations:

- The exams will be held during the course. - Quizzes - during the Lecture hours.

- Exam One: during the first 5 weeks of the course

- Mid Term: one per semester. Usually by week 10 - Final exam - A comprehensive exam given at the completion of the course.


- MCQ. (Multiple choices questions) - Short answers or fill the blanks

On Answering: the student should - Read the question carefully - Think

carefully before answering - Choose the best answer

- Circle the letter corresponding to the best answer chosen


is the amount due for goods or services rendered by the organization

A. Accounting

B. Account Receivable

C. Account Payable

D.Asset

Gross Profit

Average cost per resident

Day I


Terminology

Review for the final exam

35



No. Evaluation Question

Subject's Level 1-5 Subjective Remarks

1 The objectives and key massages of the

clear subject were





lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the

classroom on time and was committed to the duration of the lecture.



9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a chance for question and

comments. His/her answers were complete

10 The reading sources are new I and comptable with the subject. '

~ Total of the level


1 2 3 4

_

5


36




massages of the subject were Clear





lecturing kept my attention.




9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a chance for question and comments. His/her answers were corn fete

10 The reading sources are new I ' and com liable with the subject. ,

I Total of the level



37



No. Evaluation Question Subject's Subjective Remarks Level 1-5

1 The objectives and key massages of

the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the

were useful and related to the main objects of the course


Material 4 The coordinator teacher had worked

hard to cooperate and prepare the

Course 5 The lecturer were carefully selected

and were expert in their field

6 The coordinator teacher gave a good attention to the student's criticism and Claim



9 Total of the level 10 There is a potential to promote and

develop the course in the following

areas:



38

Medical Microbiology

Course Coordinator and list of lecturers

5. Name of the course : Medical Microbiology 2nd year

6. Lecturer in charge : Muayad Ibraheem Sawa

7. Dept. : Pharmacognosy

8. Contact :


College of Pharmacy/ Dept. of Pharmacognosy

Email : [email protected]



1. Muayad Sawa

2. Abbas Faraj

3. Safaa Toma

Course Overview

The course will cover the structure and physiology of microorganisms, primarily the

bacteria. The role of microorganisms in the environment and in human disease will

be discussed. Also covers the role & principles of virology and immunology. The

laboratory exercises will provide training on the culture and characterization of

bacteria.

This course will provide an introduction to parasites and parasitism by exploring

common protists, helminths and arthropods that infect humans globally. The nature

of parasitism will be explored by examining the development and transmission of

many common parasitic agents, including their pathogenesis, zoonotic potential,

diagnosis and treatment options.


39

Course Objectives

By taking this course, the student should achieve the following objectives:

1. The similarities and differences, in terms of structure and function, between

bacteria and higher forms of life.

2. Methods involved in the cultivation and identification of microorganisms.

3. Obtain a better understanding of how microorganisms cause disease and how the

human body defends itself against disease.

4. Recognize the various ways that disease agents can be transmitted.

5. Become familiar with methods used to control microorganisms.

6. To explore the current breadth of parasitic agents known to infect humans globally.


1 - Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 24th Edition by Vishal:

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies

Course and laboratory notes prepared by the instructor

Text Book: Foundation in Microbiology, 5th edition (2005)

Kathleen Park Talaro, WCB McGraw-Hill Publishers

2-Medical parasitology 2nd

edition, 2009 D.R. Arora, Haryana (India)

3-Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, 2nd

edition2008,

Maharashtra, India.

4-Textbook of Medical Parasitology, 6th

edition 2007, Jayaram Paniker, New Delhi,

India.

40

Syllabus:

4. Course title: Microbiology 2nd

year.

5. Course number / number of credits 6: 3hr theory +3hr practical .

3. The course complies the following:

General & Systematic Microbiology

a) Bacteriology 3 Credits (2 Theoretical + 1 Practical) + Virology 1

Credit (1st Semester)

b) Parasitology 3 Credits (2 Theoretical + 1 Practical) + Bacteriology 1

Credit (2nd

Semester)

c) Immunology 1 Credit (2nd

Semester)

9. Microbiology Course Participants: 2nd

year Pharmacy students.

10. Instructors :

1- Muayad Sawa

2- Abbas Faraj

3- Safaa Toma

10. Course length

Two Semester Program 30 Weeks /15 Weeks per Semester

11. Teaching methods –

Theory (power point presentation + Data show)

Practical (laboratory exercises)

Assessment (grading): Summative assessment:

Mid-Term Exam 40%:

Final exam: 60%:

Outline of course:

1st Semester


1-General Bacteriology Safaa Toma 10

Bacterial cell structure,

Classification of bacteria

= 2

The growth, survival, & death of microorganisms = 1

Cultivation of microorganisms = 1

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics

= 1

Pathogenesis of bacterial infection = 2

Antimicrobial chemotherapy = 3

41

1st Semester


2- Systematic Bacteriology Safaa Toma 8

Non-Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli:

Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium,

Listeria, Erysipelothrix, Actinomycetes,

= 4

The Staphylococci = 2

The Streptococci = 2

3- Systematic Bacteriology Safaa Toma 12

Enteric Gram-Negative Rods

(Enterobacteriaceae)

= 4

Pseudomonads, = 1

Vibrios, Campylobacters, Helicobacter, = 2

Haemophilus, Bordetella, Brucella, &

Francisella

= 1

Yersinia & Pasteurella = 1

The Neisseriae = 1

Legionellae, Bartonella, = 1

Mycobacteria = 1

. 1st Semester


3- General Virology Muayad Sawa 15

General Properties of Viruses, Terms & Definitions in

Virology, Classification of Viruses

= 1

Survey of DNA-Containing Viruses = 2

Survey of RNA-Containing Viruses = 2

Principles of Virus Structure,Measuring the Sizes of

Viruses

= 1

Chemical Composition of Viruses = 1

Cultivation & Assay of Viruses,Detection of Virus-

Infected Cells

= 1

Quantitation of Viruses,Identification of a Particle as a

Virus

= 1

Reaction to Physical & Chemical Agents = 1

General Steps in Viral Replication Cycles = 1

Interference & Interferons = 1

42

2nd

Semester Systematic Bacteriology Safaa Toma 15

Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli: Clostridium

C.perfrengense, C. butlism and C. tetanus)

= 4

Bacillus spp.(B. anthracis and B. cereus) = 4

Spirochetes & Other Spiral Microorganisms = 1

Mycoplasmas & Cell Wall-Defective Bacteria = 2

Rickettsia , Ehrlichia &

Chlamydiae

= 2

Nosocomial infection = 2


4-Medical Parasitology Abbas Faraj 30

Definitions of terms,Sources of infection = 2

Portals of entry,Life cycle,Immunity,Lab.diagnosis = 4

Intestinal flagellates,

Hemoflgellatesates

= 4

Intestinal amebas = 2

Blood sorozoans = 2

Other sporozoans = 2

Cestodes :Taenia spp. and Echinococcus Sp = 3

Diphyllobothrium latum and Hymenoleps nana = 3

Trematodes: Blood Flukes and Hepatic Flukes = 3

Nematodes: Ascaris lumbricoides and Ancylostoma

duodenale

= 3

Enterobius vermicularis and Trichuris trichiura = 2

43

2nd

Semester Subject Lecturer No of hrs

4- Immunology Muayad Sawa 15

Non- specific immunity,

Phagocytosis, Intracellular Destruction

= 3

Antigen (Ag), Atigenicity and Immunogenicity = 2

Immunoglobulins = 2

The Complement System = 2

specific immunity,Inflammatory Response ,Fever = 1

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) = 1

Ag Processing and Presentation = 1

Superantigens, Antibody – Mediated (Humoral)

Immunity, Cell – Mediated Immunity

= 1

Hypersensitivity = 1

Immunologic Diagnostic Test = 1

Practical Syllabus

90 hr.

3hr / week.

1- Practical Bacteriology 45

General safety, Sterilization, Microscopic techniques, 3

Smear preparation, Simple staining, Negative stain 3

Gram stain, Acid -fast stain,Spore stain 6

Culture media, Pure culture techniques 6

Antibiotic sensitivity tests 6

Biochemical tests 6

Systemic bacteriology Gram +ve 6

Systemic bacteriology Gram –ve 6

Revision 3

2- Practical Parasitology 45

Intestinal flagellates,

Hemoflgellatesates

9

Blood sorozoans 9

Revision 3

Cestodes: Diphyllobothrium latum,Taenia sp. and

Hymenoleps nana

6

Trematodes: Blood Flukes and Hepatic Flukes 6

Nematodes: Ascaris lumbricoides and Ancylostoma

duodenale

6

Enterobius vermicularis and Trichuris trichiura 3

Revision 3

44



N

o.


Level 1-5

Subjective

Remarks

1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were

clear

2 The contents of the subject were useful and related to

the main objects of the course


4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the

principles, contents and the important points of the

subject simply and properly.


6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time

and was committed to the duration of the lecture.

7 The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was calm

and respectful

8 The slides used in the lecturer were clear and

attractive

9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the

students a chance for question and comments.

His/her answers were complete

10 The reading sources are new and compliable with the

subject.

Total of the level


1 2 3 4 5

Poor Accept Medium Good Very

good

45



No. Evaluation Question Subject's

Level 1-5

Subjective

Remarks

1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were

clear

2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and

related to the main objects of the course

3 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to

cooperate and prepare the material

4 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to

cooperate and prepare the course

5 The lecturer were carefully selected and were expert

in their field

6 The coordinator teacher gave a good attention to the

student's criticism and claim

7 Information on the Examination process was well

provided

8 The questions of the exam were related to the content

of the course


10 There is a potential to promote and develop the

course in the following areas:


1 2 3 4 5


good

Examinations:





- Final exam – Theoretical, Practical and Oral.




- Short Essays

- Diagrams

Practical exam:

- Spot diagnosis with related questions

46








*MCQ – sample:

In Bacillus anthracis:

- (T) a – B anthracis that does not produce a capsule is not virulent.

- (T) b – The capsule gene is on a plasmid.

- (T) c – In humans, approximately 95% of cases are cutaneous anthrax

- (F) d – Gastrointestinal anthrax is very rare .

*SCQ – sample

- All following are DNA viruses except:

B – Picornavirus

C – Herpesvirus

D – Hepadnavirus

- Short essays

Give a short account on coagulase enzyme

- Microbiological Explanations.

- The presence of urease enzyme in some bacteria

Answer – Urease enzyme split urea and produce ammonia that neutralize the

acidity in the environment

of the bacteria.

47



No

.


Level 1-5

Subjective

Remarks


2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related

to the main objects of the course

3 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and

prepare the material

4 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and

prepare the course

5 The lecturer were carefully selected and were expert in

their field

6 The coordinator teacher gave a good attention to the

student's criticism and claim

7 Information on the Examination process was well

provided

8 The questions of the exam were related to the content of

the course


10 There is a potential to promote and develop the course in

the following areas:


1 2 3 4 5


good

48

Pharmaceutical Organic

Chemistry Course

Coordinator and list of teachers

9. Name of the course : Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry 2nd

year

10. Lecturer. in charge : Dr. Aras Najmaddin Hamad

11. Dept. : Pharmaceutical Chemistry

12. Contact :


College of Pharmacy / Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry



5- Participitant:-

1-Dr. kazhal M. Saleh

2-Dr. Khetam J. Hamad

Course Overview:

Organic chemistry is a broad field which intersects with such diverse areas as biology, medicine and pharmacology. At the heart of organic chemistry are fundamental concepts of molecular structure and reactivity of carbon-containing compounds. The purpose of this course is to explore this central core, which is concerned with how the structures of organic compounds are related to reactivity. Reactivity, in turn, determines the methods that can be used for synthesis. Understanding of structure, reactivity, and synthesis can be used within organic chemistry to other fields, such as those named above, which require contributions from organic chemistry.

Course Objectives:

The major foci of the course are:

Learning how to draw and name organic compounds.

Learning to predict physical and chemical properties based on their structures.

Classification of organic compounds on the basis of their functional groups.

Learning fundamental types of organic reactions and their mechanisms.


49

Applying mechanistic knowledge to predict products and design multi-step

synthesis.

Describe the uses of some important classes of organic compounds in organic

and drug synthesis.

Understanding the importance and application of stereochemistry in organic

synthesis and drug actions.

Practice basic experimental techniques and appreciate experimental design

with interpretation of results. Course Reading List:

1-Text Book :

Organic chemistry, Robert T. Morrison and Robert boyed.

2–References:

Organic Chemistry, Joseph M. Horn back

Organic Chemistry, John McMurry

Syllabus:

1. Course title: Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry 2nd

year

2. -Number of credits 4: 3hr theory 3hr practice(2 semesters = 30 weeks)

Introduction

Hybridizations, Bond lengths and bond angles, bond energy : Localized and delocalized chemical bond, van-der Waals

interactions, resonance, hyperconjugation, aromaticity, inductive and field effects, hydrogen bonding.

Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

IUPAC nomenclature, classification, isomerism in alkanes, sources, and methods of preparation ( with special reference

to Wurtz, Kolbe., Corey.House, reactions and decaroxylation of carboxylic acids). Physical properties and chemical

reactions of alkanes. Mechanism of free radical halogination of alkanes.

-Cycloalkanes : nomenclature, methods of preparations, chemical reactions. Bayers strain theory and its limitations. ring strain in cyclopropane and cyclobutanes.

Alkenes and alkynes

Nomenclature of alkenes, methods of formation, mechanisms of dehydration of alcohols and dehydrohalogenation of

alkyl halides, regio-selectivity in alcohol dehydration the Saytzeff rule, Hoffmann elimination, physical properties and

relative stabilities of alkenes. Chemical reactions of alkenes mechanisms involved in hydrogenation, electrophilic and

free radical additions, Markownikoff.s rule, hydroboration-oxidation oxymercurationreduction, Epoxidation,

ozonolysis, hydration, hydroxylation and oxidation with KMnO4.

-Nomenclature, structure and bonding in alkynes. Methods of formation. Chemical reactions of alkynes, acidity of

alkynes.

Arenes and Aromaticity Stability and carbon-carbon bond lengths of benzene, resonance structure, MO picture. Aromaticity and Huckel rule,

nomenclature of benzene derivatives, Mechanism for electrophilic aromatic substitution, effect of substitution, effect of

multiple substituents, nitration, halogenation, sulfonation and Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation.

Alkyl and Aryl Halides-I

Nomenclature and classes of alkyl halides, methods of formation, chemical reactions, mechanims of nucleophilic

substitution reaction of alkyl halides, SN2 and SN1 reactions, with energy profile diagrams. Polyhalogen compounds:

chloroform, carbon tetrachloride.

Alkyl and Aryl Halides-II

Methods of formation of aryl halides, nuclear and side chain reactions. The addition-elimination and the elimination-

addition mechanisms of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Relative reactivities of alkyl halides versus allyl,

vinyl and aryl halides. Alcohols

50

Monohydric alcohols – nomenclature, classification, hydrogen bonding, acidic nature methods of formation, reduction

of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters, Reactions of alcohols.

Dihydric alcohols - nomenclature, methods of formation, chemical reactions.

Phenols

Nomenclature, structure and bonding, Preparation of phenols, physical properties and acidic character. Comparative

acidic strengths of alcohols and phenols, resonance stabilization of phenoxide ion. Reactions of phenols - electrophillic

aromatic substitution, acylation and carboxylation.

Ethers and Epoxides

Nomenclature of ethers and methods of their formation, physical properties. Chemical reactions - cleavage and

autoxidation. Synthesis of epoxides. Acid and base-catalyzed ring opening of epoxides, orientation of epoxide ring

opening, reactions of Grignard and organolithium reagents with epoxides.

Carboxylic Acids

Nomenclature, structure and bonding, physical properties, acidity of carboxylic acids, effects of substituents on acid

strength. Preparation of carboxylic acids. Reactions of carboxylic acids. Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. Synthesis of

acid chlorides, esters and amides. Reduction of carboxylic acids.

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure and nomenclature of acid chlorides, esters, amides (urea) and acid anhydrides. Relative stability of acyl

derivatives. Physical properties, interconversion of acid derivatives by nucleophilic acyl substitution. Preparation of carboxylic acid derivatives, chemical reactions, Mechanisms of esterification and hydrolysis and hydrolysis of amides

(acidic and basic).

Aldehydes and Ketones-I

Nomenclature and structure of the carbonyl group. . Physical properties. Synthesis of aldehydes and ketones with

particular reference to the synthesis of aldehydes from acid chlorides, synthesis of ketones from nitriles and from

carboxylic acids. Mechanism of nucleophilic additions to carbonyl group with particular emphasis on benzoin, aldol,

Perkin and Knoevengel condensations.

Aldehydes and Ketones-II

Condensation with ammonia and its derivatives. Wittig reaction. Mannich reaction. Cannizzaro reaction. Clemmensen,

Wolff-Kishner, LiAIH4 and NaBH4 reductions. Halogenation of enolizable ketones. An introduction to

unsaturated aldehydes and ketones.

Organic Synthesis via Enolates

Organic Synthesis via Enolates Acidity of of -hydrogens, alkylation of diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate. Syntbesis of ethyl acetoacetate, the Claisen condensation. Keto-enol tautcmerism of ethyl acetoacetate. , Alkylaticn of

1.3- dithianes. Alkylation and acylation of enamines

Organic Compounds of Nitrogcn.

Nomenclature, Hydrogen bonding, basic nature, Structural features effecting basicity of amines. Preparation of alkyl

and aryl amines (reduction of nitro compounds, nitriles), reductive animation of aldehydic and ketonic compounds.

Gabriel-Phthalamide reaction, Hoffmann bromamide reaction. Reactions of amines, electrophilic aromatic Substitution

in aryl amines, reactions of amines with nitrous acid. Synthetic transformations of aryl diazonium salts and azo

coupling.

Stereochemistry Concept of isomerism, types of isomerism, optical isomerism, elements of symmetry, molecular chirallity, enantiomers,

stereogenic centres, optical activity, properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic

centres, distereoisomers, mesocompounds, resolution of enantiomers, inversion, retention and racemization. Relative

and absolute configurations, sequence rules, D & L , R & S systems of nomenclature.

51

Outline of course:


Introduction Dr. Khitam jawad

Dr. Kazhal M. Saleh

2

Hybridizations, Bond lengths and bond angles, bond energy :

Localized and delocalized chemical bond, van-der Waals

interactions, resonance, hyperconjugation, aromaticity, inductive

and field effects


Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Dr. Khitam jawad

Dr. Kazhal M. Saleh

5

Alkanes: IUPAC nomenclature, classification, sources, and

methods of preparation ( with special reference to Wurtz,

Kolbe. Corey. House, reactions and decaroxylation of

carboxylic acids). Physical properties and chemical reactions

of alkanes. Mechanism of free radical halogination of alkanes.

3

Cycloalkanes : nomenclature, methods of preparations,

chemical reactions. Bayers strain theory and its limitations.

ring strain in cyclopropane and cyclobutanes.

2


Alkenes and alkynes Dr. Khitam jawad

Dr. Kazhal M. Saleh

6

Nomenclature of alkenes, methods of formation, mechanisms

of dehydration of alcohols and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl

halides, regio-selectivity in alcohol dehydration the Saytzeff

rule, Hoffmann elimination, physical properties and relative

stabilities of alkenes.

2

Chemical reactions of alkenes mechanisms involved in

hydrogenation, electrophilic and free radical additions,

Markownikoff.s rule, hydroboration-oxidation

oxymercurationreduction, Epoxidation, ozonolysis, hydration,

hydroxylation and oxidation with KMnO4.

2

Alkynes: Nomenclature, structure and bonding in alkynes.

Methods of formation. Chemical reactions of alkynes, acidity

of alkynes

2

52


Arenes and Aromaticity Dr. Khitam jawad

Dr. Kazhal M.

Saleh

7

Stability and carbon-carbon bond lengths of benzene, resonance

structure, MO picture. Aromaticity and Huckel rule, nomenclature of benzene derivative

3

Mechanism for electrophilic aromatic substitution, effect of

substitution, effect of multiple substituents, nitration, halogenation,

sulfonation and Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation.

4


Alkyl and Aryl Halides-I Dr. Khitam jawad

Dr. Kazhal M. Saleh

5

Nomenclature and classes of alkyl halides, methods of formation,

chemical reactions, 2

mechanims of nucleophilic substitution reaction of alkyl halides,

SN2 and SN1 reactions, with energy profile diagrams. Polyhalogen

compounds: chloroform, carbon tetrachloride.

3

I

53

Su Subject Lecturer No of hrs

Alkyl and Aryl Halides-II

Dr. Khitam jawad

Dr. Kazhal M. Saleh

4

Methods of formation of aryl halides, nuclear and side chain

reactions.

The addition-elimination and the elimination-addition mechanisms

of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. 2

Relative reactivities of alkyl halides versus allyl, vinyl and aryl

halides.

2


Alcohols Dr. Aras Najmaddin

Hamad

4

Monohydric alcohols – nomenclature, classification, hydrogen

bonding, acidic nature methods of formation, reduction of

aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters, Reactions of

alcohols.

3

Dihydric alcohols - nomenclature, methods of formation, chemical

reactions. 1

u Subject Lecturer No of hrs

Ethers and Epoxides Dr. Aras Najmaddin

Hamad

4

Nomenclature of ethers and methods of their formation, physical

properties. Chemical reactions - cleavage and autoxidation.

2

Synthesis of epoxides. Acid and base-catalyzed ring opening of

epoxides, orientation of epoxide ring opening, reactions of

Grignard and organolithium reagents with epoxides.

2


Phenols Dr. Aras Najmaddin

Hamad

5

Nomenclature, structure and bonding, physical properties and acidic

character. Comparative acidic strengths of alcohols and phenols,

resonance stabilization of phenoxide ion.

3

Preparation of phenols, Reactions of phenols - electrophillic aromatic

substitution, acylation and carboxylation.

2

54


Carboxylic Acids

Dr. Aras Najmaddin Hamad

7

Nomenclature, structure and bonding, physical properties, acidity of

carboxylic acids, effects of substituents on acid strength.

4

Preparation of carboxylic acids. Reactions of carboxylic acids. 2

Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. Synthesis of acid chlorides, esters

and amides. Reduction of carboxylic acids.

1


Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Dr. Aras Najmaddin Hamad 6

Structure and nomenclature of acid chlorides, esters, amides

(urea) and acid anhydrides. Relative stability of acyl derivatives.

Physical properties,

interconversion of acid derivatives by nucleophilic acyl

substitution. Preparation of carboxylic acid derivatives, chemical

reactions,

4

Mechanisms of esterification and hydrolysis and hydrolysis of

amides (acidic and basic).

2


Aldehydes and Ketones-I Dr. Aras Najmaddin Hamad

6

Nomenclature and structure of the carbonyl group. Physical properties.

Synthesis of aldehydes and ketones with particular reference to the

synthesis of aldehydes from acid chlorides,

3

synthesis of ketones from nitriles and from carboxylic acids.

Mechanism of nucleophilic additions to carbonyl group with particular

emphasis on benzoin, aldol, Perkin and Knoevengel condensations.

3


Aldehydes and Ketones-II

Dr. Aras Najmaddin

Hamad

6

Condensation with ammonia and its derivatives. Wittig reaction.

Mannich reaction. Cannizzaro reaction.

3

Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, LiAIH4 and NaBH4 reductions.

Halogenation of enolizable ketones.

2

An introduction to unsaturated aldehydes and ketones. 1

55


Organic Synthesis via Enolates Dr. Aras Najmaddin

Hamad

5

Organic Synthesis via Enolates Acidity of of -hydrogens,

alkylation of diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate.

3

Synthesis of ethyl acetoacetate, the Claisen condensation. Keto-

enol tautcmerism of ethyl acetoacetate.

2


Organic Compounds of Nitrogcn. Dr. Aras Najmaddin Hamad 11

Nomenclature, Hydrogen bonding, basic nature, Structural features

effecting basicity of amines. Preparation of alkyl and aryl amines

(reduction of nitro compounds, nitriles),

3

reductive animation of aldehydic and ketonic compounds. Gabriel-

Phthalamide reaction, Hoffmann bromamide reaction. Reactions of

amines, electrophilic aromatic Substitution in aryl amines.

5

reactions of amines with nitrous acid. Synthetic transformations of

aryl diazonium salts and azo coupling.

3

Su Subject

Stereochemistry Concept of isomerism, types of isomerism, optical isomerism,

elements of symmetry, molecular chirallity, enantiomers,

stereogenic centres, optical activity, R & S systems of

nomenclature.

properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two

stereogenic centres, distereoisomers, mesocompounds.

resolution of enantiomers, inversion, retention and racemization.

Lecturer No of hrs

Dr. Aras Najmaddin Hamad

8

56

Practical Syllabus 90 hours :3hr/ week.

1- Introduction 3

Determination of MP 3

Determination of BP 3

Recrystallization 3

Sublimation 3

Simple distillation 3

Fractional distillation 3

Under vacuum distillation 3

Steam distillation 3

Solubility 3

Acidity and bascity of organic

compounds

3

Preparation of aspirin 3

Nitration of benzene 3

Nitration of phenol 3

Preparation of acetanilide 3

Hydrolysis of p-nitroacetanilide 3

Preparation of phenyl benzoate 3

Hydrolysis of phenyl benzoate 3

Preparation of benzamide 3

Hydrolysis of benzamide 3

Identification of organic

compounds by solubility

3

Sodium fusion 3

Identification of alkanes 3

Identification of alkylhalides 3

Identification of alcohols 3

Identification of phenols 3

Identification of amines 3

Identification of aldehydes 3

Identification of ketones 3

Identification of sugars 3

57

Grading for Organic Chemistry :

The grade for this course consists of both the lecture grade as well as the laboratory

grade. The distribution of the grades will be:

Quizze 5%

Report in lab. 5%

Practical exams 5%

Theoretical midterm exam 25%

Final exam

Theoretical exam 50%

Practical exam 10%

Examinations: will contain the following modes.

Organic and drug synthesis:

Tamoxifen is a drug used in the treatment of breast cancer. How would you prepare

tamoxifen from benzene, the following ketone, and any other reagents needed?

Explanations:

In penicillin which group is more likely to undergo nucleophilic attack?

Explain.

Amides are generally poor candidates for nucleophilic attack, but

penicillin is apparently an exception and reacts with bacterial enzymes as

shown below.

Nucleophiles add more rapidly to the amide group in the fourmembered

ring of penicillin than to typical alkylamides because int four membered

ring the nitrogen atom due to ring stran the nitrogen can not donate its

non bonding electrons to the carbonyl carbon atom.

Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than ammonia, why?

Due to the electron releasing nature of alkyl group, it (R) pushes electrons

towards nitrogen and thus makes the unshared electron pair more available for

sharing with the proton of the acid.

Moreover, the substituted ammonium ion formed from the amine gets stabilized

due to dispersal of the positive charge by the +I effect of the alkyl group. Hence,

alkylamines are stronger bases than ammonia. Thus, the basic nature of

aliphatic amines should increase with increase in the number of alkyl groups.

Why do chiral drugs react differently with biological molecules?

Drug molecules must generally interact with biomolecules (e.g. Receptors and

Enzymes) in a very specific way to elicit a pharmacological response. For

example

58

The enantiomer on the top has the correct shape to fit the binding site of the

receptor whereas that on the bottom does not have the correct shape to fit the

binding site of the receptor.

The bottom form may have a lesser effect, or no effect, or responsible for

undesired side effects.

Mechanisms:

Outline all steps in the basic hydrolysis of an amide.

The basic hydrolysis occurs by Nucleophilic addition of OH- to the amide

carbonyl group, followed by deproton-ation of the –OH group and

elimination of amide ion (-NH2).







59




1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main


3 The material were prepared carefully as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the principles,


5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was committed

to the duration of the lecture.




Total of the level


1 2 3 4 5



Date: Course: Year: Lecturer/tutor No.

Evaluation Question Subject's Level 1-5

Subjective Remarks

1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the

main objects of the course

3 The material were prepared carefully as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the

principles, contents and the important points of the subject simply and properly.

5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was


7 The lecturer's behavior in the classroom was clam and

respectful

8 The slides used in the lecturer were clear and attractive 9 At the end of the lecture, the lecturer gave the students a

chance for question and comments. His/her answers were

complete


Total of the level


1 2 3 4 5


60







3 The material were prepared carefully as needed 4 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing tried to analyze the principles,


5 The lecturer/tutor while lecturing kept my attention. 6 The lecturer/tutor came into the classroom on time and was





Total of the level


1 2 3 4 5





1 The objectives and key massages of the subject were clear 2 The contents of the subject of the were useful and related to the main



material

4 The coordinator teacher had worked hard to cooperate and prepare the course

5 The lecturer were carefully selected and were expert in their field 6 The coordinator teacher gave a good attention to the student's criticism

and claim

7 Information on the Examination process was well provided 8 The questions of the exam were related to the content of the course 9 Total of the level 10 There is a potential to promote and develop the course in the following

areas:


1 2 3 4 5


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