Human Reproductive Technologies

8/6/2019 Human Reproductive Technologies

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Human Reproductive

Technologies


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Cases for Using Reproductive

Technologies

Fertile woman and infertile who want tohave children.

A fertile man and an infertile woman.A fertile woman who cannot carry a child

to term

A woman who is fertile, can carry a childbut sees pregnancy as being ahumbug.


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Same sex couples wanting to have

children.

An infertile couple wishing to have

children.

A single woman or man who wants to

have children but does not want thecommitment of marriage.


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Artificial Insemination

Artificial insemination, also referred to

as intrauterine insemination, is used,

for the most part, to combat malefactor infertility.

It has been in use since the late

eighteenth century and was primarilyused in animals.


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AIH

This is artificial insemination using the

sperm of the husband.

This method of insemination is used:

In cases where the husband is fertile but

because of some physical or

psychological reason he cannot havenormal sexual relations.


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In cases where the husband has a low

sperm count.

In cases where a husband may beplanning to have a vasectomy or may

need to have prostate surgery but still

wants to hold out the desire to have

additional children.


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Objections toAIH

The question of masturbation; some

see masturbation as being immoraland as such should not be done under

any circumstance.


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The question of tampering with the

natural order of procreation

The issue of divorcing the sexual act

from procreation; if the purpose of the

sex act is procreation, then, to have

procreation without sex does violenceto the unity of the two.


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Arguments For:

Masturbation is not necessarily

immoral.

When the natural law theory is taken toits logical conclusion it excludes a

number of things which we as human

beings do on a daily basis.


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It allows couples who otherwise would

not have had children the opportunity

to do so. It is a means of fulfilling the biblical

mandate to be fruitful and multiply.

The fact that something is not naturaldoes not necessarily make it immoral.


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DI Donor Insemination

This method of artificial insemination is usedwhen:

The husband is has become sterile.

The husband may be carrying a genetic diseaseand does not want to risk passing it to a child.

The husband is Rh positive and the wife is Rhnegative and there are concerns over theresults for the baby.

A single woman wants to have children.


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ArgumentsAgainst:

The child may be psychologically affected as

a result of knowing that he/she does not look

like his/her father. The husbands masculinity may be affected

as a result of knowing that he is unable to

father a child.

The wife may think less of her husbandbecause he could not have fulfilled her

desire to have a child fathered by him.


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There is the real possibility that the child maybecome alienated from the father since heis not the real father.

Later on in life, the child may lose respect forthe father as a result of knowing that his/herfather is not really his/her father.

There is the real possibility that a child can

get married to someone who is his/herbrother/sister as a result of not knowing whohis/her father is.


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It raises the specter of eugenics; or

selective breeding among human

beings. Since the sperm used to fertilize the

egg comes from someone other than

the husband, then some see this asbeing equal to adultery.


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Arguments For:

It allows for couples who are

experiencing male factor infertility to

experience the joys of pregnancy andparenting.

Since the donor can be anonymous,

then it takes away the idea of it beingpsychologically damaging to the

husband.


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AID should not be considered as beingadultery since no sexual intercourse tookplace.

AID does not involve any form of emotionalcommitment to someone other than thehusband.

Since in an ideal situation both spouses

decided to commit to the process, then theentire process can be seen as being sharedby both parties.


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OtherConcerns:

Knowing the identity of the sperm donor:

The donor and obligations to his

biological offspring. Information regarding the limitations and

possible complications involved.

The number of children that can comefrom one donor.


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The question of elitism and eugenics;

there is an ongoing debate as to whether

or not the stipulations some labs placeon possible donors is equivalent to

eugenics.

The issue of the motives of the donor.


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GIFT

Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer:

Three main reasons forGIFT:

Sperm dysfunction Infertility of unknown origin Religious individuals who prefer it over IVF on

an ethical basis.

In GIFT the egg and sperm are placed

together in the fallopian tubes


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EggDonation

This is used when the woman cannot

produce eggs or healthy eggs.

She may be:

Past the time of producing eggs

Carrying a genetic defect

Her reproductive organs may have beendamaged or she may have been born

without them


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In Vitro Fertilization

Objections:

The issue of multiple embryos;

The issue of freezing embryos;

It is expensive and the success rate is low.

In cases of divorce or death of the parties

involved it may become difficult todetermine who gets ownership of the

embryo.


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Arguments for:

Discarding a fertilized egg is the same

as a miscarriage. It allows infertile couples the

opportunity to have children.

IVF is a safe method of conceiving achild and it reduces the risk ofproducing a defective child.


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Human Reproductive Technologies

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