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Republika ng Pilipinas Komisyon ng Karapatang Pantao ng Pilipinas (Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines) HUMAN RIGHTS ADVISORY CHR 2014-004 HUMAN RIGHTS STANDARDS ON INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDPs) IN THE ZAMBOANGA CRISIS Recognizing the complex protection issues being faced by populations displaced as a result of the September 2013 Zamboanga Crisis, and the need to strengthen the capacity and effectiveness of the Government and other relevant stakeholders to adopt a rights-based approach to support the return, transitional and permanent resettlement of internally displaced persons in this context; Emphasizing that the 1987 Philippine Constitution provides that the State values the dignity of every person and guarantees full respect for human rights;^ protection of property and promotion of the general welfare are among the essentials for the enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of democracy; 2 no person shall be deprived of life, liberty o property without due process of law ;3 the State should regulate the acquisition, ownership, use and disposition of property to the end that Congress gives highest priority to the enactment of measures that protect and enhance the right of all to human dignity, reduce inequalities and remove cultural inequities; 4 urban or rural poor dwellers shall not be evicted and/or resettled except in accordance with law and with adequate consultation; 5 and the State should protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to their ancestral lands to ensure their economic, social and cultural well-being;^ Emphasizing further the various legal obligations and human rights protections established under domestic law by the Urban Development and HousiT;^g Act of 1992 and the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act 0/1997; Art. 11, s 11, 1987 CoHstitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Art. II, s 5, 1987 C0hstitution of the Republfc of the Philippines. Art. m, s 1, 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Art. XIII, s 1, 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Art. XIII, s 10, 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Art. Xll, s 5, 1987 Constitution of theRepublic of the Philippines, m i i- IVT A- Karapatang Pantao: Likas SrAtin, Tungkulin Natm Commonwealth Avenue, U.P. Complex, Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines Tel. Nos. 927-0172 • 928-2018 - 928-5655
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Page 1: HUMAN RIGHTS ADVISORY CHR 2014-004chr.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/HRA-CHR-2014...Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons and the Sphere Project Humanitarian

Republika ng Pilipinas

K o m i s y o n n g K a r a p a t a n g Pantao n g P i l i p i n a s (Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines)

H U M A N R I G H T S A D V I S O R Y C H R 2014-004

H U M A N R I G H T S S T A N D A R D S O N I N T E R N A L L Y D I S P L A C E D P E R S O N S ( I D P s ) I N T H E ZAMBOANGA C R I S I S

Recognizing t h e c o m p l e x p r o t e c t i o n i s s u e s b e i n g f a c e d b y p o p u l a t i o n s d i s p l a c e d a s a r e s u l t o f t h e S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 3 Z a m b o a n g a C r i s i s , a n d t h e n e e d t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e c a p a c i t y a n d e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f t h e G o v e r n m e n t a n d o t h e r r e l e v a n t s t a k e h o l d e r s t o a d o p t a r i g h t s - b a s e d a p p r o a c h t o s u p p o r t t h e r e t u r n , t r a n s i t i o n a l a n d p e r m a n e n t r e s e t t l e m e n t o f i n t e r n a l l y d i s p l a c e d p e r s o n s i n t h i s c o n t e x t ;

E m p h a s i z i n g t h a t t h e 1 9 8 7 P h i l i p p i n e C o n s t i t u t i o n p r o v i d e s t h a t t h e S t a t e v a l u e s t h e d i g n i t y o f e v e r y p e r s o n a n d g u a r a n t e e s f u l l r e s p e c t f o r h u m a n r i g h t s ; ^ p r o t e c t i o n o f p r o p e r t y a n d p r o m o t i o n o f t h e g e n e r a l w e l f a r e a r e a m o n g t h e e s s e n t i a l s f o r t h e e n j o y m e n t b y a l l t h e p e o p l e o f t h e b l e s s i n g s o f d e m o c r a c y ; 2 n o p e r s o n s h a l l b e d e p r i v e d o f l i f e , l i b e r t y o r p r o p e r t y w i t h o u t d u e p r o c e s s o f l a w ; 3 t h e S t a t e s h o u l d r e g u l a t e t h e a c q u i s i t i o n , o w n e r s h i p , u s e a n d d i s p o s i t i o n o f p r o p e r t y t o t h e e n d t h a t C o n g r e s s g i v e s h i g h e s t p r i o r i t y t o t h e e n a c t m e n t o f m e a s u r e s t h a t p r o t e c t a n d e n h a n c e t h e r i g h t o f a l l t o h u m a n d i g n i t y , r e d u c e i n e q u a l i t i e s a n d r e m o v e c u l t u r a l i n e q u i t i e s ; 4 u r b a n o r r u r a l p o o r d w e l l e r s s h a l l n o t b e e v i c t e d a n d / o r r e s e t t l e d e x c e p t i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h l a w a n d w i t h a d e q u a t e c o n s u l t a t i o n ; 5 a n d t h e S t a t e s h o u l d p r o t e c t t h e r i g h t s o f i n d i g e n o u s c u l t u r a l c o m m u n i t i e s t o t h e i r a n c e s t r a l l a n d s t o e n s u r e t h e i r e c o n o m i c , s o c i a l a n d c u l t u r a l w e l l - b e i n g ; ^

Emphasizing further t h e v a r i o u s l e g a l o b l i g a t i o n s a n d h u m a n r i g h t s p r o t e c t i o n s e s t a b l i s h e d u n d e r d o m e s t i c l a w b y t h e Urban Development and HousiT;^g Act of 1992 a n d t h e Indigenous Peoples Rights Act 0/1997;

Art. 11, s 11, 1987 CoHstitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Art. II, s 5, 1987 C0hstitution of the Republfc of the Philippines. Art. m , s 1, 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Art. XIII, s 1, 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Art. XIII, s 10, 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines.

Art. Xll, s 5, 1987 Constitution of theRepublic of the Philippines, m i i - IVT A -Karapatang Pantao: Likas S rAt in , Tungkulin Natm

Commonwealth Avenue, U.P. Complex, Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines

Tel. Nos. 927-0172 • 928-2018 - 928-5655

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Recalling t h e U n i v e r s a l D e c l a r a t i o n o f H u m a n R i g h t s w h i c h p r o v i d e s f o r t h e r i g h t o f e v e r y o n e t o a s t a n d a r d o f l i v i n g a d e q u a t e f o r t h e h e a l t h a n d w e l l - b e i n g o f h i m s e l f a n d o f h i s f a m i l y , i n c l u d i n g h o u s i n g ; 7 a n d t h a t n o o n e s h a l l b e a r b i t r a r i l y d e p r i v e d o f p r o p e r t y a n d p o s s e s s i o n s ; ^

Highlighting t h a t a d e q u a t e a n d d e c e n t h o u s i n g a s a b a s i c h u m a n r i g h t e n s h r i n e d i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l i n s t r u m e n t s t o w h i c h t h e P h i l i p p i n e s i s a P a r t y , i n c l u d i n g t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o v e n a n t o n E c o n o m i c , S o c i a l a n d C u l t u r a l R i g h t s , 9 t h e C o n v e n t i o n o n t h e E l i m i n a t i o n o f A l l F o r m s o f D i s c r i m i n a t i o n a g a i n s t W o m e n , t h e C o n v e n t i o n o n t h e R i g h t s o f t h e C h i l d , " t h e C o n v e n t i o n o n t h e R i g h t s o f P e r s o n s w i t h D i s a b i l i t i e s , a n d I L O C o n v e n t i o n N o . 169;^^

Taking into consideration t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s G u i d i n g P r i n c i p l e s o n I n t e r n a l D i s p l a c e m e n t , w h i c h i n c o r p o r a t e k e y i n t e r n a t i o n a l p r e c e p t s o n t h e r i g h t s o f i n t e r n a l l y d i s p l a c e d p e r s o n s , s u c h a s n o n ­d i s c r i m i n a t i o n , 14 t h e r i g h t t o l i b e r t y o f m o v e m e n t a n d f r e e d o m t o c h o o s e h i s o r h e r r e s i d e n c e , i 5 t h e r i g h t t o a n a d e q u a t e s t a n d a r d o f l i v i n g , ! ^ a n d a c c e s s t o b a s i c s h e l t e r a n d h o u s i n g , ^ 7 a m o n g o t h e r s ;

Recognising G e n e r a l C o m m e n t s 4 a n d 7 o f t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s C o m m i t t e e o n E c o n o m i c , S o c i a l a n d C u l t u r a l R i g h t s o n t h e R i g h t t o A d e q u a t e H o u s i n g a n d F o r c e d E v i c t i o n s r e s p e c t i v e l y , a s w e l l a s t h e U N -H A B I T A T a n d O f f i c e o f t h e H i g h C o m m i s s i o n e r f o r H u m a n R i g h t s ( O H C H R ) B a s i c P r i n c i p l e s a n d G u i d e l i n e s o n D e v e l o p m e n t - B a s e d E v i c t i o n s a n d D i s p l a c e m e n t ;

Considering also t h e r i g h t s o f i n t e r n a l l y d i s p l a c e d p e r s o n s r e l a t i n g t o h o u s i n g , l a n d a n d p r o p e r t y a s e l a b o r a t e d i n t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s P r i n c i p l e s o n H o u s i n g a n d P r o p e r t y R e s t i t u t i o n f o r R e f u g e e s a n d D i s p l a c e d P e r s o n s ( P i n h e i r o P r i n c i p l e s ) ;

Reaffirming t h e I n t e r - A g e n c y S t a n d i n g C o m m i t t e e ( I S A C ) F r a m e w o r k o n D u r a b l e S o l u t i o n s f o r I n t e r n a l l y D i s p l a c e d P e r s o n s a n d t h e S p h e r e P r o j e c t H u m a n i t a r i a n C h a r t e r a n d M i n i m u m S t a n d a r d s i n H u m a n i t a r i a n R e s p o n s e , w h i c h e x p l a i n m a n y o f t h e l e g a l o b l i g a t i o n s a n d r i g h t s r e l a t i v e t o i n t e r n a l l y d i s p l a c e d p e r s o n s u n d e r i n t e r n a t i o n a l h u m a n r i g h t s l a w ;

Art. 25(1)/Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Art. 17(2), Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Art. 11, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Art. 14, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Art. 27, Convention on the Rights of the Child. Arts. 9 and 28, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Arts. 7 and 13-19, ILO Convention No. 169. Principle 1, UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. Principle 14.1, UN Guiding Principle on Internal Displacement.

Principle 18, UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. Id

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Determined a s t h e n a t i o n a l h u m a n r i g h t s i n s t i t u t i o n m a n d a t e d u n d e r t h e 1 9 8 7 P h i l i p p i n e C o n s t i t u t i o n t o p r o m o t e a n d p r o t e c t h u m a n r i g h t s i n t h e P h i l i p p i n e s , C H R P i s s u e s t h e f o l l o w i n g a d v i s o r y :

I . C O N T E X T

1. O n 9 S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 3 a r m e d m e m b e r s o f t h e M o r o N a t i o n a l L i b e r a t i o n F r o n t ( M N L F ) e n t e r e d Z a m b o a n g a i n a n a t t e m p t t o t a k e c o n t r o l o f t h e c i t y b y f o r c e . T h e M N L F w a s a b l e t o o c c u p y a n u m b e r o f B a r a n g a y s i n t h e c i t y , i n c l u d i n g R i o H o n d o , M a r i k i , S t a . B a r b a r a a n d S t a . C a t a l i n a , d u r i n g w h i c h t i m e a n u m b e r o f i n d i v i d u a l s w e r e k i l l e d a n d o v e r 2 0 0 c i v i l i a n s r e m a i n e d u n d e r t h e c o n t r o l o f t h e M N L F .

2 . A m i l i t a r y o p e r a t i o n w a s c o m m e n c e d b y t h e A r m e d F o r c e s o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e s ( A F P ) a n d P h i l i p p i n e N a t i o n a l P o h c e ( P N P ) w h o s o u g h t t o s u p r e s s t h e M N L F o c c u p a t i o n a n d f r e e t h e c i v i l i a n s f r o m a r e a s u n d e r M N L F c o n t r o l . M a n y o c c u p i e d B a r a n g a y s w e r e a f f e c t e d b y A F P m o r t a r s h e l l i n g a n d w e r e c o m p l e t e l y o r p a r t i a l l y d e s t r o y e d b y fire. T h e M N L F f o r c e w a s o v e r p o w e r e d b y t h e A F P o n 2 8 S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 3 , b y w h i c h t i m e o v e r 1 0 9 , 0 0 0 h a d b e e n d i s p l a c e d f r o m Z a m b o a n g a C i t y a n d 1 0 , 0 0 0 h o m e s h a d b e e n d e s t r o y e d .

3 . A s o f e n d o f J a n u a r y 2 0 1 4 a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 2 , 0 9 6 i n d i v i d u a l s r e m a i n d i s p l a c e d b y t h e c r i s i s a n d a r e c u r r e n t l y s h e l t e r i n g i n t h e J o a q u i n F . E n r i q u e z M e m o r i a l S p o r t s C o m p l e x i n Z a m b o a n g a C i t y . C o n d i t i o n s i n t h e C o m p l e x a n d o t h e r i n f o r m a l c a m p s a r e p r e c a r i o u s , w i t h p o o r s a n i t a t i o n a n d c r o w d e d c o n d i t i o n s l e a d i n g t o t h e s p r e a d o f d i s e a s e . T h e s q u a h d c o n d i t i o n o f t h e s e e v a c u a t i o n c e n t r e s h a s l e d a l r e a d y t o o v e r 1 0 0 d e a t h s d u e t o c o m m u n i c a b l e i l l n e s s e s . M a n y c h i l d r e n i n t h e f a c i l i t y h a v e c e a s e d s c h o o l i n g a n d t r a f f i c k i n g i n p e r s o n s h a s a l s o b e e n r e p o r t e d .

4 . B a r a n g a y s R i o H o n d o a n d M a r i k i w e r e c o m p l e t e l y d e s t r o y e d b y t h e fighting a n d f o r m e r r e s i d e n t s a r e b e i n g p r e v e n t e d ft-om r e t u r n i n g t o t h e a r e a , w h i c h h a s b e e n d e c l a r e d as " n o m a n ' s l a n d " . R e s i d e n t s a r e b e i n g p e r m i t t e d t o r e t u r n t o B a r a n g a y s S t a . B a r b a r a a n d S t a . C a t a l i n a , a l t h o u g h m a n y r e s i d e n c e s a n d m u c h i n f r a s t r u c t u r e i n t h e a r e a r e m a i n d a m a g e d f r o m s h e l l i n g . M a n y o f t h o s e s t i l l d i s p l a c e d a r e B a d j a o , a t y p i c a l l y s e a b o r n e i n d i g e n o u s p e o p l e ( I P ) w h o d e p e n d o n c l o s e p r o x i m i t y t o t h e s e a f o r t h e i r l i v e l i h o o d a n d c u l t u r a l p r a c t i c e s .

5 . T h e Z a m b o a n g a C i t y G o v e r n m e n t i s c o o r d i n a t i n g t h e h u m a n i t a r i a n r e s p o n s e t o t h e c r i s i s w i t h t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f S o c i a l W e l f a r e a n d D e v e l o p m e n t ( D S W D ) , D e p a r t m e n t o f P u b l i c W o r k s a n d H i g h w a y s ( D P W H ) a n d t h e N a t i o n a l H o u s i n g A u t h o r i t y ( N H A ) . O n 2 3 J a n u a r y 2 0 1 4 t h e Z a m b o a n g a C i t y G o v e r n m e n t p r e s e n t e d t h e " Z a m b o a n g a C i t y R o a d m a p t o R e c o v e r y a n d R e c o n s t r u c t i o n : C o n c e p t u a l L a y o u t P l a n " ( Z a m b o a n g a R o a d m a p ) a s a s t r a t e g y t o a t t e n d t o t h o s e s t i l l

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d i s p l a c e d b y t h e c r i s i s . T h e Z a m b o a n g a R o a d m a p i d e n t i f i e s p l a n s f o r t h e r e s e t t l e m e n t o f d i s p l a c e d f a m i h e s t o b o t h o n a n d o f f - s i t e p r o j e c t s .

I I . M A T T E R S O F H U M A N R I G H T S C O N C E R N

6 . T h e k e y h u m a n r i g h t s i s s u e s i d e n t i f i e d b y t h e C o m m i s s i o n i n t h e c o n t e x t o f t h e r e s p o n s e t o t h e Z a m b o a n g a C r i s i s a r e a s f o l l o w s :

( a ) . T h a t t r a n s i t i o n a l s h e l t e r a r r a n g e m e n t s m e e t t h e s t a n d a r d s r e q u i r e d b y i n t e r n a t i o n a l a n d d o m e s t i c l a w a n d d o n o t s u b j e c t i n t e r n a l l y d i s p l a c e d p e r s o n s t o a n y r i s k o f f u r t h e r h u m a n r i g h t s v i o l a t i o n s ;

( b ) . T h a t g e n u i n e c o n s u l t a t i o n t a k e s p l a c e w i t h p e r s o n s a f f e c t e d b y d i s p l a c e m e n t a n d r e s e t t l e m e n t , t h a t t h e y a r e p r o v i d e d w i t h c o m p r e h e n s i v e i n f o r m a t i o n o n r e s e t t l e m e n t o p t i o n s a v a i l a b l e t o t h e m a n d e n t i t l e d t o ftill p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n t h e p r o c e s s e s o f g o v e r n m e n t r e l e v a n t t o t h e i r r e s e t t l e m e n t a n d g e n e r a l w e l f a r e ;

( c ) . T h a t a l l p o s t - c o n f l i c t r e s e t t l e m e n t a n d r e s t i t u t i o n , i n c l u d i n g t h e i m p o s i t i o n o f " n o - b u i l d z o n e s " a n d o t h e r i n t e r v e n t i o n s w h i c h a f f e c t t h e e n j o y m e n t o f h o u s i n g , l a n d a n d p r o p e r t y r i g h t s , a r e c o n d u c t e d i n a m a n n e r c o n s i s t e n t w i t h i n t e r n a t i o n a l a n d d o m e s t i c l e g a l s t a n d a r d s ;

( d ) . T h a t a n y i n d i g e n o u s p e o p l e s ( I P s ) w h o h a v e b e e n d i s p l a c e d o r o t h e r w i s e a f f e c t e d b y t h e c o n f l i c t a r e a c c o r d e d a l l r i g h t s o w i n g t o t h e m u n d e r i n t e r n a t i o n a l a n d d o m e s t i c l a w ; a n d

( e ) . T h a t a l l i n f o r m a t i o n , p a r t i c u l a r l y a n y a d v i s o r y " F A Q s " , d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g I D P s c o r r e c t l y r e p r e s e n t s i n t e r n a t i o n a l a n d d o m e s t i c l e g a l s t a n d a r d s .

I I I . A D V I S O R Y

A . T rans i t iona l Shelter Arrangements

7. T h e C o m m i s s i o n n o t e s t h a t t h e c o n d i t i o n o f c u r r e n t t r a n s i t i o n a l s h e l t e r f a c i l i t i e s a t t h e J o a q u i n F . E n r i q u e z M e m o r i a l S p o r t s C o m p l e x i s e n d a n g e r i n g t h e h e a l t h a n d w e l l b e i n g o f m a n y I D P s a n d m a y c o n s t i t u t e i n f r i n g e m e n t s o f a v a r i e t y o f h u m a n r i g h t s s t a n d a r d s r e l a t i n g t o h e a l t h , e d u c a t i o n a n d access t o o t h e r b a s i c a n d e x t e r n a l s e r v i c e s . R e c e n t figures i n d i c a t e t h a t o v e r 1 0 0 p e o p l e h a v e d i e d a s a r e s u l t o f d i s e a s e s s p r e a d w i t h i n e m e r g e n c y s h e l t e r f a c i l i t i e s .

8 . T h e C o m m i s s i o n a d v i s e s a l l r e s p o n s i b l e g o v e r n m e n t e n t i t i e s t o g u a r a n t e e t h a t t r a n s i t i o n a l s h e l t e r i s p r o v i d e d a n d a d m i n i s t e r e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e s t a n d a r d s e s t a b l i s h e d b y i n t e r n a t i o n a l a n d

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I

d o m e s t i c l a w , t o e n s u r e t h a t a f f e c t e d I D P s a r e n o t v u l n e r a b l e t o f u r t h e r v i o l a t i o n s o f t h e i r h u m a n r i g h t s .

International Human Rights Standards on Transitional Shelter

9 . I n t e r n a l l y d i s p l a c e d p e r s o n s c o n t i n u e t o e n j o y t h e r i g h t t o a n a d e q u a t e s t a n d a r d o f l i v i n g i ^ a n d m u s t b e p r o v i d e d w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g i n t h e c o u r s e o f a n y g o v e r n m e n t r e s p o n s e t o a h u m a n i t a r i a n c r i s i s w h i c h c a u s e s t h e i r d i s p l a c e m e n t :

( a ) . E s s e n t i a l f o o d a n d p o t a b l e w a t e r ;

( b ) . B a s i c s h e l t e r a n d h o u s i n g ;

( c ) . A p p r o p r i a t e c l o t h i n g ; a n d

( d ) . E s s e n t i a l m e d i c a l s e r v i c e s a n d s a n i t a t i o n . ! * ^

1 0 . N o n - d i s c r i m i n a t i o n i s a f u n d a m e n t a l p r i n c i p l e o f h u m a n r i g h t s . A n y d i s t i n c t i o n , e x c l u s i o n , r e s t r i c t i o n o r p r e f e r e n c e o f a n y k i n d w h i c h h a s t h e p u r p o s e o r e f f e c t o f n u l l i f y i n g o r i m p a i r i n g t h e r e c o g n i t i o n , e n j o y m e n t o r e x e r c i s e , o n a n e q u a l f o o t i n g , o f a n y h u m a n r i g h t s s h o u l d b e a v o i d e d . ^ o

11. W h e n p r o v i d i n g t r a n s i t i o n a l s h e l t e r a s s i s t a n c e i n r e s p o n s e t o t h e Z a m b o a n g a C r i s i s , g o v e r n m e n t a u t h o r i t i e s m u s t g i v e s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n t o v u l n e r a b l e a n d m a r g i n a l i s e d g r o u p s , s u c h a s w o m e n , u n a c c o m p a n i e d m i n o r s , e x p e c t a n t m o t h e r s , m o t h e r s w i t h y o u n g c h i l d r e n , h e a d s o f h o u s e h o l d , p e r s o n s w i t h d i s a b i l i t i e s a n d t h e e l d e r l y t o p r o v i d e t h e m w i t h t h e p r o t e c t i o n a n d a s s i s t a n c e t h a t i s r e q u i r e d b y t h e i r c o n d i t i o n o f v u l n e r a b i l i t y . 2 1

1 2 . A c c e s s t o e s s e n t i a l s e r v i c e s m u s t a l s o b e g u a r a n t e e d w h e n a d m i n i s t e r i n g t r a n s i t i o n a l s h e l t e r a r r a n g e m e n t s , i n c l u d i n g s c h o o l s , h e a l t h f a c i l i t i e s a n d c o m m u n i t y i n f r a s t r u c t u r e . ^ ^ R e s i d e n c e i n e m e r g e n c y s h e l t e r f a c i l i t i e s s h o u l d a l s o n o t a f f e c t I D P s ' a c c e s s t o e c o n o m i c a n d l i v e l i h o o d o p p o r t u n i t i e s , i n c l u d i n g l a n d f o r c u l t i v a t i o n a n d l o c a l m a r k e t s . 2 3

13. I n t h e c o u r s e o f p l a n n i n g a n d a d m i n i s t e r i n g t r a n s i t i o n a l s h e l t e r a r r a n g e m e n t s , r e s p o n s i b l e a u t h o r i t i e s m u s t t a k e s t e p s t o m i t i g a t e t h e s p r e a d o f c o m m u n i c a b l e d i s e a s e s . T h i s w i l l i n c l u d e e n s u r i n g a d e q u a t e s p a c e b e t w e e n s h e l t e r u n i t s , a ccess t o s a f e , p o t a b l e w a t e r

Principle 18, UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. See also: art. 11(1), International Covenant on Economic, Social And Cultural Rights.

" Id. Principle 4, UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. See also, for example: art. 1(1), International Covenant on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.

^' Id, Principle 4. Sphere Project: Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response, 2011, p 253.

" Id, p 254.

5

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a n d a d e q u a t e s a n i t a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s , w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r o l a n d s a f e f o o d p r e p a r a t i o n m e a s u r e s . E f f e c t i v e p r o c e s s e s m u s t a l s o b e e s t a b l i s h e d b y h e a l t h a u t h o r i t i e s t o i d e n t i f y a n d i s o l a t e a n y c o m m u n i c a b l e d i s e a s e s w h e n o u t b r e a k s a r i s e .

1 4 . T h e C o m m i s s i o n c o n s i d e r s t h a t t h e s e s t a n d a r d s r e q u i r e g o v e r n m e n t

t o e n s u r e t h a t a n y a s s i s t a n c e p r o v i d e d i n r e s p o n s e t o t h e Z a m b o a n g a

C r i s i s i s r e n d e r e d o n a r i g h t s b a s e d a p p r o a c h . H o w e v e r , t h e

C o m m i s s i o n u r g e s a l l l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t u n i t s a n d n a t i o n a l

g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s t o p r i o r i t i s e t h o s e i n d i v i d u a l s a n d f a m i l i e s w h o

a r e m o s t i n n e e d o f a i d w h e n d e l i v e r i n g a s s i s t a n c e m e a s u r e s . T h e

C o m m i s s i o n e m p h a s i s e s t h e n e e d t o e n s u r e t h a t c o n d i t i o n s i n

e m e r g e n c y s h e l t e r f a c i l i t i e s d o n o t r e n d e r I D P s v u l n e r a b l e t o d i s e a s e

a n d o t h e r e f f e c t s o n t h e i r h e a l t h .

Philippine Law on Transitional Shelter

15. T h e D S W D Omnibus Guidelines on Shelter Assistance r e q u i r e t h a t

t h o s e f a m i h e s m o s t i n n e e d a r e g i v e n p r i o r i t y i n t h e d e l i v e r y o f p o s t -

d i s a s t e r s u p p o r t . F a m i l i e s s h a l l b e e l i g i b l e f o r s h e l t e r a s s i s t a n c e i f

t h e i r m o n t h l y i n c o m e f a l l s b e l o w t h e m o n t h l y f o o d t h r e s h o l d a m o u n t

d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e P h i l i p p i n e N a t i o n a l S t a t i s t i c a l C o o r d i n a t i o n

B o a r d . 2 5

1 6 . T h e Omnibus Guidelines on Shelter Assistance a l s o s t a t e t h a t f o r b o t h c o r e s h e l t e r a n d m o d i f i e d s h e l t e r a s s i s t a n c e , t h e f o l l o w i n g c a t e g o r i e s o f b e n e f i c i a r y s h o u l d b e p r i o r i t i s e d :

( a ) . F a m i l i e s w i t h s m a l l c h i l d r e n ;

( b ) . F a m i l i e s w i t h p r e g n a n t a n d l a c t a t i n g m o t h e r s ;

( c ) . S u r r o g a t e p a r e n t s o f o r p h a n e d c h i l d r e n ;

( d ) . F a m i l i e s w i t h d a m a g e d h o u s e s a n d w h o s e h e a d o f h o u s e h o l d h a s d i e d o r b e e n i n c a p a c i t a t e d ;

( e ) . G r o u p s o f f i v e o r m o r e f a m i l i e s o r i g i n a t i n g f r o m t h e s a m e b a r a n g a y ; a n d

( f ) . F a m i l i e s w i t h s e r i o u s l y i l l m e m b e r s , p e r s o n s w i t h d i s a b i l i t i e s o r o t h e r s p e c i a l n e e d s . 2 6 y

W,pp 312-320. / s VTI(A.)(1)(1.2), Department of Social Welfare and Development, Administrative Order No. 17 series of 2010, Omnibus Guidelines on Shelter Assistance.

s Vll(A.)(l)(1.5)(a)-(f), Department of Social Welfare and Development, Administrative Order No. 17 series of 2010, Omnibus Guidelines on Shelter Assistance.

6

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B . Consul ta t ion a n d Part ic ipat ion

17. T h e C o m m i s s i o n i s a w a r e t h a t m a n y o f t h o s e a f f e c t e d b y t h e Z a m b o a n g a C r i s i s , p a r t i c u l a r l y t h o s e w h o h a v e b e e n d i s p l a c e d a n d t h e i r r e s i d e n c e s d e s t r o y e d o r d a m a g e d , h a v e n o t r e c e i v e d a d e q u a t e i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t , o r h a v e n o t b e e n c o n s u l t e d o n , t h e d e t a i l s o f t h e i r r e t u r n , r e i n t e g r a t i o n a n d r e s e t t l e m e n t o p t i o n s a v a i l a b l e t o t h e m o r o t h e r a s p e c t s o f t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f t h e h u m a n i t a r i a n r e s p o n s e .

1 8 . L o c a l g o v e r n m e n t u n i t s a n d n a t i o n a l g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s i n v o l v e d i n t h e r e l i e f e f f o r t a n d r e t u r n , t r a n s i t i o n a l s h e l t e r a n d p e r m a n e n t r e s e t t l e m e n t a c t i v i t i e s a r e m a d e a w a r e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l h u m a n r i g h t s s t a n d a r d s a n d r e m i n d e d o f t h e i r l e g a l o b l i g a t i o n s u n d e r P h i l i p p i n e l a w t o c o n s u l t w i t h a f f e c t e d c o m m u n i t i e s .

International Human Rights Standards

1 9 . G e n u i n e c o n s u l t a t i o n b e t w e e n g o v e r n m e n t a n d a f f e c t e d c o m m u n i t i e s i s a c e n t r a l f e a t u r e o f m a n y h u m a n r i g h t s s t a n d a r d s . F o r c o m m u n i t i e s s u b j e c t t o i n v o l u n t a r y r e l o c a t i o n , g o v e r n m e n t h a s a n o b l i g a t i o n t o c o n s u l t w i t h c o m m u n i t i e s o n a l l a s p e c t s o f t h e i r r e s e t t l e m e n t . 2 7

2 0 . T h o s e i n d i v i d u a l s s u b j e c t t o i n t e r n a l d i s p l a c e m e n t s h o u l d n o t b e i n h i b i t e d f r o m e x e r c i s i n g t h e i r r i g h t t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n g o v e r n m e n t o r p u b l i c a f f a i r s . 2 8 I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e f r e e e l e c t i o n o f d e m o c r a t i c r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s t o p o l i t i c a l o f f i c e , t h i s r i g h t c a n b e e x e r c i s e d t h r o u g h d i r e c t p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n l o c a l g o v e r n a n c e p r o c e s s e s t h a t c o n c e r n t h o s e a f f e c t e d b y d i s p l a c e m e n t . ^ ^ A c c o r d i n g l y , r e s p o n s i b l e g o v e r n m e n t a u t h o r i t i e s s h o u l d t a k e e f f o r t s t o i n c l u d e p a r t i c i p a t o r y m e c h a n i s m s i n t h e d e s i g n o f a n y i n s t i t u t i o n a l r e s p o n s e w h i c h m a k e d e t e r m i n a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o t h e a f f a i r s o r r e s e t t l e m e n t o f I D P s .

2 1 . F o r p e r s o n s s u b j e c t t o i n t e r n a l d i s p l a c e m e n t , a n y h o u s i n g , l a n d o r r e s t i t u t i o n p r o g r a m m e s m u s t a l s o b e c a r r i e d o u t o n a v o l u n t a r y b a s i s a n d i n f u l l c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h t h e i n d i v i d u a l s , g r o u p s a n d c o m m u n i t i e s a f f e c t e d . C o n s u l t a t i o n s h o u l d b e g e n u i n e a n d a c c o u n t f o r t h e i n t e r e s t s o f m a r g i n a l i s e d a n d v u l n e r a b l e g r o u p s . ^ o

2 2 . R e s p o n s i b l e g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s m u s t t a k e a p p r o p r i a t e s t e p s t o e n s u r e g e n u i n e c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h a n d t h e e f l f e c t i v e p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f I D P s i n t h e p r o c e s s e s o f t r a n s i t i o n a l s h e l t e r p r o v i s i o n , s e r v i c e

" Para. 15, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 7 on the right to adequate housing (forced evictions). Principle 22, UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement.. Para. 6, UN Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 25 on the right to participate in public affairs, voting rights and the right of equal access to public service.

°̂ Principle 14, Pinhiero Principles.

7

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d e l i v e r y , r e t u r n , r e s e t t l e m e n t a n d / o r r e s t i t u t i o n . C o n s u l t a t i v e m e c h a n i s m s w i l l i n c l u d e :

( a ) . D i s s e m i n a t i o n o f a c c u r a t e i n f o r m a t i o n r e l e v a n t t o t h e h u m a n i t a r i a n r e s p o n s e ;

( b ) . C o n v e n i n g m e e t i n g s a n d o t h e r p a r t i c i p a t o r y e v e n t s a t w h i c h a f f e c t e d I D P s a r e i n f o r m e d o f a n y r e l e v a n t p r o c e s s e s a n d a c t i v i t i e s ; a n d

( c ) . M e c h a n i s m s t o r e s p o n d t o r e q u e s t s f o r i n f o r m a t i o n a n d t o r e c e i v e a n d r e s p o n d t o c o m p l a i n t s . ^ ^

2 3 . F o r I D P s t o b e a b l e t o e f f e c t i v e l y p a r t i c i p a t e i n c o n s u l t a t i v e p r o c e s s e s , t h e y m u s t b e d e s i g n e d t o b e r e s p o n s i v e t o a n y m a t t e r s r a i s e d b y a f f e c t e d p e r s o n s a n d t o i n c o r p o r a t e t h e i r p e r s p e c t i v e s a n d s u g g e s t i o n s i n t o r e l e v a n t p o l i c y a n d p r o g r a m d e c i s i o n s .

2 4 . R e s p o n s i b l e g o v e r n m e n t a u t h o r i t i e s s h o u l d e n d e a v o u r t o e n s u r e c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h I D P s a t e v e r y s t a g e o f t h e c r i s i s r e s p o n s e , i n c l u d i n g d u r i n g t h e r e n d e r i n g o f i m m e d i a t e h u m a n i t a r i a n a s s i s t a n c e , i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f b e n e f i c i a r i e s , c a m p c r e a t i o n a n d c a m p m a n a g e m e n t , r e s e t t l e m e n t a n d r e i n t e g r a t i o n , p e a c e p r o c e s s e s a n d c o n f l i c t r e s o l u t i o n , d e v e l o p m e n t o f l i v e l i h o o d s a n d r e l e v a n t p o h t i c a l p r o c e s s e s . 3 3

Philippine Law on Consultation Processes

2 5 . T h e 1 9 8 7 C o n s t i t u t i o n o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e s g u a r a n t e e s t h a t n o r e s e t t l e m e n t s h a l l b e u n d e r t a k e n w i t h o u t a d e q u a t e c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h t h o s e a f f e c t e d a n d t h e c o m m u n i t i e s w h e r e t h e y a r e t o b e r e l o c a t e d . ^ ^

2 6 . D i s p l a c e d p o p u l a t i o n s s u b j e c t t o r e s e t t l e m e n t b y g o v e r n m e n t t h e r e f o r e p o s s e s s a c o n s t i t u t i o n a l r i g h t t o b e m e a n i n g f u l l y c o n s u l t e d o n a l l m a t t e r s c o n c e r n i n g t h e i r r e l o c a t i o n , i n c l u d i n g p r o p o s e d s i t e s f o r t r a n s i t i o n a l s h e l t e r , p a r a m e t e r s i n t h e s e l e c t i o n o f s i t e b e n e f i c i a r i e s , m a n n e r a n d t i m e o f r e l o c a t i o n s a n d a l l o t h e r r e l e v a n t c o n s i d e r a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o r e t u r n , r e l o c a t i o n a n d o t h e r s h e l t e r o p t i o n s . I n v i e w o f t h i s r i g h t , g o v e r n m e n t a n d a l l o t h e r s t a k e h o l d e r s a r e u r g e d t o d i s s e m i n a t e t h e n e c e s s a r y i n f o r m a t i o n a n d e n g a g e w i t h a f f e c t e d c o m m u n i t i e s a c c o r d i n g l y .

2 7 . T h e Urban Development and Housing Act a l s o i d e n t i f i e s c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h a f f e c t e d c o m m u n i t i e s a s a p r e r e q u i s i t e t o a n y

3 4

Id. Brookings-Bem Project on Internal Displacement, Moving Beyond Rhetoric: Consultation and Partcipati with Populations Displaced by Conflict or Natural Disasters, pp 39-46. Id, pp 17-29. On return and resintegration, see also; Principle 28(2), UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. Article XIII, Section 10, 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines.

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r e s e t t l e m e n t f r o m u r b a n areas.^s T h e i m p l e m e n t i n g r u l e s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s t o t h e Urban Development and Housing Act p r e s c r i b e t h e d e t a i l o f t h i s c o n s u l t a t i v e p r o c e s s , w h i c h r e q u i r e s r e s p o n s i b l e g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s t o c o n v e n e a s e r i e s o f c o n s u l t a t i v e m e e t i n g s b e t w e e n l o c a l o f f i c i a l s , r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f n a t i o n a l a g e n c i e s a n d o f t h e c o m m u n i t i e s a f f e c t e d . ^ ^

2 8 . T h e Urban Development and Housing Act a l s o r e q u i r e s t h a t p r i v a t e s e c t o r a c t o r s i n r e s e t t l e m e n t d e v e l o p m e n t a n d h o u s i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n a r e i n v i t e d t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n a n y c o n s u l t a t i v e p r o c e s s . 3 7

2 9 . T h e C o m m i s s i o n a d v i s e s t h a t a l l p e r s o n s d i s p l a c e d b y t h e Z a m b o a n g a C r i s i s m u s t b e c o n s u l t e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e s t a n d a r d s b e f o r e t h e y a r e r e s e t t l e d o r p r e v e n t e d f r o m r e c o n s t r u c t i n g t h e i r o r i g i n a l d w e l l i n g s . I t i s r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t c o m p r e h e n s i v e i n f o r m a t i o n d i s s e m i n a t i o n a n d w i d e s p r e a d c o m m u n i t y - b a s e d c o n s u l t a t i o n s a r e c o n d u c t e d a s p a r t o f t h e r e s e t t l e m e n t a c t i v i t i e s o f g o v e r n m e n t t o e n s u r e c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e s e s t a n d a r d s .

C. Resett lement a n d Rest i tut ion

3 0 . T h e C o m m i s s i o n t a k e s n o t e o f t h e d e s i g n a t i o n o f a " n o m a n ' s l a n d " i n B a r a n g a y s R i o H o n d o a n d M a r i k i , a n d t h e u s e o f " n o - b u i l d z o n e s " b y t h e C i t y G o v e r n m e n t t o p r o h i b i t t h e r e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f m a n y r e s i d e n t i a l a n d o t h e r d w e l l i n g s d e s t r o y e d o r d a m a g e d d u r i n g t h e Z a m b o a n g a C r i s i s . I n v i e w o f t h i s w i d e s p r e a d p r a c t i c e t h e C o m m i s s i o n i s s u e s t h e f o l l o w i n g a d v i c e , w h i c h s h o u l d b e o b s e r v e d d u r i n g t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n a n d e n f o r c e m e n t o f a n y " n o - b u i l d z o n e s " o r o t h e r s u c h p r o p e r t y i n t e r v e n t i o n s .

International Human Rights Standards on Return of IDPs and Restitution of Housing, Land and Property

3 1 . C o m p e t e n t a u t h o r i t i e s h a v e t h e p r i m a r y d u t y a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o e s t a b l i s h c o n d i t i o n s , a s w e l l a s p r o v i d e t h e m e a n s , w h i c h a l l o w I D P s t o r e t u r n v o l u n t a r i l y , i n s a f e t y a n d w i t h d i g n i t y , t o t h e i r h o m e s o r h a b i t u a l p l a c e s o f r e s i d e n c e , o r t o r e s e t t l e v o l u n t a r i l y i n a n o t h e r p a r t o f t h e c o u n t r y . 3 8 T h i s d u t y a l s o e x t e n d s t o t h e p r o v i s i o n o f a s s i s t a n c e t o r e c o v e r p r o p e r t y a n d o t h e r p o s s e s s i o n s o f w h i c h I D P s w e r e d e p r i v e d a s a r e s u l t o f d i s p l a c e m e n t . ^ ^

3 2 . C o m p e t e n t a u t h o r i t i e s m u s t a l s o m a k e a r r a n g e m e n t s f o r t h e p r o v i s i o n o f c o m p e n s a t i o n , w h e t h e r f r o m t h e i r o w n finances o r t h r o u g h e x t e r n a l s o u r c e s , f o r a n y l o s s e s o r d a m a g e t o p r o p e r t y

Sec. 28(2), Republic Act No. 7279, Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992. Sec. 1(e), Implementing Rules and Regulations of Sec. 28 of Republic Act No. 7279, Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992 Sec. 24, Republic Act No. 7279, Urban Development and Housing Act of1992. Principle 28(1), UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. Principle 29(2), UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement; Principle 2(1), Pinhiero Principles.

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s u f f e r e d a s a r e s u l t o f d i s p l a c e m e n t . ^ o C o m p e n s a t i o n m u s t o n l y b e p r o v i d e d i n l i e u o f r e s t i t u t i o n w h e r e r e s t i t u t i o n i s n o t f a c t u a l l y p o s s i b l e , w h e r e c o m p e n s a t i o n i s p r o v i d e d f o r i n a n e g o t i a t e d p e a c e a g r e e m e n t o r w h e r e t h e d i s p l a c e d p e r s o n v o l u n t a r i l y a c c e p t s c o m p e n s a t i o n i n l i e u o f r e s t i t u t i o n .

3 3 . I D P s h a v e t h e r i g h t t o r e t u r n v o l u n t a r i l y t o t h e i r f o r m e r h o m e s , l a n d s o r p l a c e s o f h a b i t u a l r e s i d e n c e , i n s a f e t y a n d d i g n i t y . V o l u n t a r y r e t u r n i n s a f e t y a n d d i g n i t y m u s t b e b a s e d o n a f r e e , i n f o r m e d , i n d i v i d u a l c h o i c e . I D P s s h o u l d b e p r o v i d e d w i t h c o m p l e t e , o b j e c t i v e , u p - t o - d a t e , a n d a c c u r a t e i n f o r m a t i o n , i n c l u d i n g o n p h y s i c a l , m a t e r i a l a n d l e g a l s a f e t y i s s u e s i n c o u n t r i e s o r p l a c e s o f o r i g i n .

3 4 . I D P s w h o h a v e s u f f e r e d a d e p r i v a t i o n o f t h e i r p r o p e r t y r i g h t s m u s t b e e n t i t l e d t o a c c e s s a c o m p e t e n t d i s p u t e r e s o l u t i o n b o d y t o s u b m i t a c l a i m f o r r e s t i t u t i o n a n d / o r c o m p e n s a t i o n , o r t o c h a l l e n g e a d e c i s i o n b y t h e G o v e r n m e n t t h a t r e s t i t u t i o n i s n o t p o s s i b l e i n t h e c i r c u m s t a n c e s . ' ^ ^

International Human Rights Standards on Forced Evictions and "No-Build Zones"

3 5 . F o r c e d e v i c t i o n s a r e prima facie i n c o m p a t i b l e w i t h S t a t e o b l i g a t i o n s u n d e r i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w t o p r o t e c t t h e r i g h t t o a d e q u a t e a n d d e c e n t h o u s i n g . 4 3 T h e C o m m i s s i o n c o n s i d e r s f o r c e d e v i c t i o n , o f i t s e l f , a g r o s s v i o l a t i o n o f h u m a n r i g h t s .

3 6 . T h e i m p o s i t i o n o f a " n o - b u i l d z o n e " o r o t h e r s i m i l a r l y p r o h i b i t i v e p r o p e r t y i n t e r v e n t i o n s m a y c o n s t i t u t e a " c o n s t r u c t i v e f o r c e d e v i c t i o n " w h e r e t h e r e s t r i c t i o n o r a c c o m p a n 5 d n g r e l o c a t i o n s r e n d e r i n d i v i d u a l s w i t h n o c h o i c e b u t t o l e a v e t h e i r l a n d s o r ( f o r m e r ) h o m e s . A s s u c h , i n t e r n a t i o n a l h u m a n r i g h t s n o r m s a n d s t a n d a r d s r e l a t i n g t o f o r c e d e v i c t i o n s a n d a r b i t r a r y d i s p l a c e m e n t s h o u l d a p p l y . 4 4 T h e C o m m i s s i o n t h e r e f o r e c o n s i d e r s t h e i m p o s i t i o n o f " n o - b u i l d z o n e s " r e q u i r e s t h e r e s e t t l e m e n t o f p e r s o n s a f f e c t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d s a n d P h i l i p p i n e l a w . H u m a n i t a r i a n a s s i s t a n c e a n d c r i s i s r e h e f p r o j e c t s , e s p e c i a l l y t h o s e w h i c h i n c l u d e " n o - b u i l d z o n e s " , s h o u l d n o t b e d i v e r t e d t o f a c i l i t a t e f o r c e d e v i c t i o n s .

3 7 . A s a m a t t e r o f p o l i c y , g o v e r n m e n t s m u s t p r i o r i t i s e p r o p e r t y r e s t i t u t i o n a s t h e p r e f e r r e d r e m e d y f o r I D P s . ^ s T h e C o m m i s s i o n a c c o r d i n g l y u r g e s l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t s a n d n a t i o n a l a g e n c i e s t o a d o p t a

' Principle 21(1), Pinhiero Principles. ''̂ Principle 13(1), Pinhiero Principles. •"̂ Para. 18, Committee on Economic, Social and Culhiral Rights, General Comment No. 4 on the Right to.

Adequate Housing. Paras. 44-46, Report of the Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living, sixty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly, A/66/270, 5 August 2011. Principle 2(2), Pinhiero Principles.

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p o l i c y o f r e s t i t u t i o n t o p e r m i t d i s p l a c e d f a m i l i e s t o r e t u r n t o t h e i r o r i g i n a l p l a c e s o f r e s i d e n c e , w h e r e p o s s i b l e , b e f o r e c o n s i d e r i n g t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f " n o - b u i l d z o n e s " o r o t h e r o f f - s i t e r e s e t t l e m e n t o p t i o n s .

3 8 . " N o - b u i l d z o n e s " , l i k e f o r c e d e v i c t i o n s , c a n b e a c c e p t a b l e w h e r e t h e y a r e i m p o s e d t o p r o t e c t a f f e c t e d p e r s o n s f r o m e n v i r o n m e n t a l h a z a r d s . H o w e v e r , t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f " n o - b u i l d z o n e s " m u s t b e p r o p o r t i o n a t e t o t h e d a n g e r p r e s e n t e d b y t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l h a z a r d . V o l u n t a r y a n d c o n s u l t a t i v e r e l o c a t i o n s s h o u l d b e p u r s u e d b e f o r e i m p l e m e n t i n g " n o - b u i l d z o n e s " . W h e r e " n o - b u i l d z o n e s " a r e c o n s i d e r e d a b s o l u t e l y n e c e s s a r y t h e y m u s t b e i m p o s e d i n s t r i c t c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e h u m a n r i g h t s s t a n d a r d s a p p l i c a b l e d u r i n g f o r c e d e v i c t i o n s .

3 9 . " N o - b u i l d z o n e s " s h o u l d o n l y b e i m p l e m e n t e d i f t h e f o l l o w i n g c o n d i t i o n s a r e m e t , t o g u a r a n t e e t h e r i g h t s o f t h o s e a f f e c t e d :

( a ) . "No-bui ld zones" must not render people homeless. F o r t h o s e u n a b l e t o p r o v i d e f o r t h e m s e l v e s , t h e G o v e r n m e n t m u s t e n s u r e t h a t a d e q u a t e h o u s i n g o r r e s e t t l e m e n t i s m a d e a v a i l a b l e i n a r e a s o n a b l e t i m e ;

( b ) . P e r s o n s affected by "no-bui ld zones" must be genuinely consulted o n a l t e r n a t i v e r e l o c a t i o n p l a n s i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s s e t o u t a b o v e ;

( c ) . Compensat ion must be provided to affected persons f o r l o s s e s t o p r o p e r t y a n d s h a l l b e m a d e a v a i l a b l e i n a d d i t i o n o r a s a v o l u n t a r y a l t e r n a t i v e t o r e s e t t l e m e n t ; a n d

( d ) . Adminis t ra t ive appeals and jud ic ia l review m u s t b e a v a i l a b l e t o t h o s e a f f e c t e d b y " n o - b u i l d z o n e s " .

4 0 . G o v e r n m e n t m u s t p r o v i d e r e s e t t l e m e n t o r access t o a l t e r n a t i v e h o u s i n g f o r p e r s o n s d i s p l a c e d a s a r e s u l t o f f o r c e d e v i c t i o n s o r p r e v e n t a t i v e p r o p e r t y i n t e r v e n t i o n s , s u c h a s " n o - b u i l d zones".'^^ R e s e t t l e m e n t m u s t e n s u r e s a f e a n d s e c u r e access t o :

( a ) . E s s e n t i a l f o o d , p o t a b l e w a t e r a n d s a n i t a t i o n ;

( b ) . B a s i c s h e l t e r a n d h o u s i n g ;

( c ) . A p p r o p r i a t e c l o t h i n g ;

Para. 16, Committee on Economic, Social and Cultupal Rights, General Comment No. 7 on the Right to

( d ) . E s s e n t i a l m e d i c a l s e r v i c e s

Adequate Housing (Forced Evictions).

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( e ) . L i v e l i h o o d s o u r c e s ;

( f ) . F o d d e r f o r l i v e s t o c k a n d a c c e s s t o c o m m o n p r o p e r t y r e s o u r c e s p r e v i o u s l y d e p e n d e d u p o n ; a n d

( g ) . E d u c a t i o n f o r c h i l d r e n a n d c h i l d c a r e facilities.'^^

4 1 . S i n c e d i s p l a c e m e n t s h o u l d l a s t n o l o n g e r t h a n r e q u i r e d b y t h e c i r c u m s t a n c e s , ^ ^ a c c e s s t o p e r m a n e n t c o r e h o u s i n g s h e l t e r m u s t b e p r o v i d e d t o p e r s o n s s u b j e c t t o d i s p l a c e m e n t a s s o o n a s p o s s i b l e .

Philippine Law on Resettlement and Restitution for IDPs

4 2 . P h i l i p p i n e l a w d i s c o u r a g e s e v i c t i o n s a n d d e m o l i t i o n s . 4 9 T h e 1 9 8 7 C o n s t i t u t i o n o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e s s t a t e s t h a t e v i c t i o n s o r d e m o l i t i o n s a r e o n l y p e r m i t t e d a c c o r d i n g t o l a w a n d i n a j u s t a n d h u m a n e m a n n e r . 5 0

4 3 . T h e Urban Development and Housing Act e s t a b h s h e s a n e x h a u s t i v e l i s t o f c i r c u m s t a n c e s i n w h i c h e v i c t i o n s a n d d e m o l i t i o n s a r e p e r m i t t e d b y l a w , w h i c h i s a s f o l l o w s :

( a ) . W h e n p e r s o n s o c c u p y " d a n g e r a r e a s '

( b ) . W h e n g o v e r n m e n t i n f r a s t r u c t u r e p r o j e c t s a r e a b o u t t o b e i m p l e m e n t e d ; 5 2 a n d

( c ) . W h e n t h e r e i s a c o u r t o r d e r f o r e v i c t i o n a n d d e m o l i t i o n . ^ 3

4 4 . I n t h e e v e n t o f a n e v i c t i o n o r d e m o l i t i o n f r o m u r b a n s e t t l e m e n t s , t h e f o l l o w i n g m a n d a t o r y s a f e g u a r d s u n d e r t h e Urban Development and Housing Act a r e t o b e e n f o r c e d :

( a ) . A t l e a s t 3 0 d a y s p r i o r n o t i c e m u s t b e p r o v i d e d t o a f f e c t e d p e r s o n s p r i o r t o e v i c t i o n o r d e m o l i t i o n ;

( b ) . A u t h o r i t i e s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r e v i c t i o n s a n d d e m o l i t i o n s m u s t u n d e r t a k e g e n u i n e c o n s u l t a t i o n s w i t h d e s i g n a t e d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f f a m i l i e s t o b e r e s e t t l e d a n d a f f e c t e d c o m m u n i t i e s i n t h e a r e a s t o w h i c h r e s e t t l e m e n t w i l l o c c u r ; ^

Para. 52, UN- H ^ I T A T and OHCHR Basic Principles and Guidelines on Development-Based Evictions and Displacement. Principle 6.3, UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. s 28, Republic Act No. 7279, Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992 Art. XIII, Section 10, 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. s 28(a), Republic Act No. 7279, Urban Development and Housing Act of1992. s 28(b), Republic Act No. 7279, Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992. Sec. 28(c), Republic Act No. 7279, Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992.

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( c ) . L o c a l g o v e r n m e n t o f f i c i a l s m u s t b e p r e s e n t d u r i n g a l l e v i c t i o n s a n d d e m o l i t i o n s ;

( d ) . A l l d e m o l i t i o n c r e w s m u s t b e i d e n t i f i e d a s s u c h w i t h u n i f o r m s o r o t h e r m a r k i n g s ;

( e ) . E v i c t i o n s a n d d e m o l i t i o n s m a y o n l y t a k e p l a c e d u r i n g r e g u l a r o f f i c e h o u r s d u r i n g g o o d w e a t h e r , u n l e s s a f f e c t e d f a m i l i e s c o n s e n t o t h e r w i s e ;

( f ) - H e a v y e q u i p m e n t m u s t n o t b e u s e d , e x c e p t f o r p e r m a n e n t s t r u c t u r e s o r c o n c r e t e m a t e r i a l s ; a n d

( g ) . U n i f o r m e d m e m b e r s o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e N a t i o n a l P o l i c e m u s t b e p r e s e n t a t a l l e v i c t i o n s a n d d e m o l i t i o n s a s t h e first l i n e o f l a w e n f o r c e m e n t a n d o b s e r v e d i s t u r b a n c e c o n t r o l p r o c e d u r e s 54

4 5 . T h e C o m m i s s i o n c o n s i d e r s t h a t g o v e r n m e n t e n f o r c e m e n t o f " n o -b u i l d z o n e s " e f f e c t i v e l y e q u a t e s t o a n e v i c t i o n u n d e r P h i l i p p i n e l a w . T h e a b o v e m a n d a t o r y s a f e g u a r d s w i l l t h e r e f o r e b e a p p l i c a b l e d u r i n g t h e e n f o r c e m e n t o f " n o - b u i l d z o n e s " , r e g a r d l e s s o f w h e t h e r a f f e c t e d h o u s e h o l d s s t i l l m a i n t a i n r e s i d e n c e i n t h e i r o r i g i n a l d w e l l i n g s .

4 6 . A l l c o n c e r n e d a g e n c i e s a n d l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t u n i t s a r e r e m i n d e d o f t h e i r p r o c e d u r a l o b l i g a t i o n s u n d e r t h e Urban Development and Housing Act a n d u r g e d t o c o m p l y w i t h i t s t e r m s d u r i n g t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f a n y a c t i v i t i e s w h i c h f a c i l i t a t e r e m o v a l f r o m o r p r e v e n t r e t u r n t o a r e a s c l a s s e d a s " n o - b u i l d z o n e s " .

4 7 . T h e C o m m i s s i o n n o t e s t h a t " n o - b u i l d z o n e s " a n d o t h e r p r e v e n t i v e p r o p e r t y i n t e r v e n t i o n s a r e b e i n g i m p l e m e n t e d i n a r e a s a f f e c t e d b y t h e Z a m b o a n g a C r i s i s o n t h e b a s i s t h a t t h e l o c a l i t i e s i n q u e s t i o n a r e c l a s s i f i e d a s " p r o t e c t e d a r e a s " u n d e r t h e National Integrated Protected Areas System Act ( N I P A S ) . ^ ^ T h e C o m m i s s i o n n o t e s f u r t h e r t h a t t h e N I P A S d o e s n o t c a t e g o r i s e a r e a s a s p r o t e c t e d o n t h e b a s i s t h a t a n a r e a i s h a z a r d o u s o r d a n g e r o u s f o r h u m a n h a b i t a t i o n , b u t , r a t h e r , t h a t t h e a r e a i s o f " u n i q u e p h y s i c a l a n d b i o l o g i c a l s i g n i f i c a n c e " a n d s h o u l d b e " p r o t e c t e d a g a i n s t d e s t r u c t i v e h u m a n e x p l o i t a t i o n " . ^ ^

Conditions of Resettlement under Philippine Law

4 8 . T h e 1 9 8 7 C o n s t i t u t i o n o f t h e P h i h p p i n e s r e q u i r e s t h a t r e s e t t l e m e n t o f r u r a l a n d u r b a n d w e l l e r s c a n n o t b e i m p l e m e n t e d u n t i l a d e q u a t e

Sec. 28(1 )-(7), Republic Act No. 7279, Urban Development and Housing Act of1992. Sec. 4(a), Republic Act No. 7586, National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992. Id, sec. 4(b).

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c o n s u l t a t i o n t a k e s p l a c e w i t h t h o s e t o b e r e s e t t l e d a n d w i t h t h e c o m m u n i t y t o w h i c h t h e y w i l l b e r e s e t t l e d . ^ ^

4 9 . T h e Urban Development and Housing Act r e q u i r e s f u r t h e r t h a t g o v e r n m e n t r e s e t t l e m e n t s i t e s a r e e q u i p p e d w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g e s s e n t i a l s e r v i c e s :

( a ) . P o t a b l e w a t e r ;

( b ) . P o w e r a n d e l e c t r i c i t y a n d a n a d e q u a t e p o w e r d i s t r i b u t i o n s y s t e m ;

( c ) . S e w e r a g e f a c i l i t i e s a n d a n e f f i c i e n t s o l i d w a s t e d i s p o s a l s y s t e m ; a n d

( d ) . A c c e s s t o p r i m a r y r o a d s a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s .

5 0 . G o v e r n m e n t i s a l s o r e q u i r e d t o p r i o r i t i s e t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f h e a l t h , e d u c a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n s , s e c u r i t y , r e c r e a t i o n , r e l i e f a n d w e l f a r e f a c i l i t i e s . W h e n p l a n n i n g t h e r e l o c a t i o n o f c o m m u n i t i e s , g o v e r n m e n t i s a l s o r e q u i r e d b y l a w t o e n s u r e r e s e t t l e m e n t s i t e s a r e l o c a t e d w i t h i n p r o x i m i t y o f e m p l o y m e n t o p p o r t u n i t i e s . ^ o

D . Rights of Indigenous Peoples

5 1 . T h e C o m m i s s i o n u n d e r s t a n d s t h a t a s i g n i f i c a n t p r o p o r t i o n o f t h o s e d i s p l a c e d b y t h e Z a m b o a n g a C r i s i s , a n d t h o s e s t i l l r e s i d i n g i n t r a n s i t i o n a l a c c o m m o d a t i o n a t t h e J o a q u i n F . E n r i q u e z M e m o r i a l S p o r t s C o m p l e x , a r e m e m b e r s o f t h e B a d j a o , a n i n d i g e n o u s p e o p l e o f t h e s o u t h e r n P h i l i p p i n e s .

5 2 . T h e B a d j a o h a v e a s p e c i a l a t t a c h m e n t t o t h e s e a , w h i c h i s t h e i r s o u r c e o f l i v e l i h o o d a n d h a s a p a r t i c u l a r c u l t u r a l s i g n i f i c a n c e t h a t m u s t b e a c c o u n t e d f o r i n a n y i n t e r v e n t i o n s t h a t a f f e c t t h e m . T h e B a d j a o a r e o f t e n s u b j e c t e d t o d i s c r i m i n a t i o n o n t h e b a s i s t h a t t h e t y p i c a l l y l a n d -b a s e d i n t e r v e n t i o n s o n d i s p l a c e m e n t , r e s e t t l e m e n t a n d r e s t i t u t i o n o f t e n p e r p e t u a t e t h e i r e x c l u s i o n f r o m p o l i c y - m a k i n g a n d p a r t i c i p a t o r y m e c h a n i s m s d e s i g n e d t o b e n e f i t l a n d - b a s e d p o p u l a t i o n s . 6 1

5 3 . T h e C o m m i s s i o n i s c o g n i s a n t o f t h e h e i g h t e n e d e f f e c t s t h a t d i s p l a c e m e n t c a n h a v e o n I P s a n d t h e r e f o r e r e m i n d s r e s p o n s i b l e

Article XIII, Section 10, 1987 Consitution of the Philippines. Sec. 21, Republic Act No. 7279, Urban Development and Housing Act of1992. Id Sec. 22, Republic Act No. 7279, Urban Development and Housing Act of1992. On the exclusion of the Badjao generally, see: R. Macalandag, Otherizing the Badjao: A Spatial Imagery of State Exclusion and Societal Otherization, International Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, Netherlands, 2009.

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g o v e r n m e n t a u t h o r i t i e s o f t h e i r d u t y t o a c c o r d t h o s e a f f e c t e d w i t h t h e s p e c i a l p r o t e c t i o n r e q u i r e d b y i n t e r n a t i o n a l a n d d o m e s t i c l a w .

International Standards on the Rights of Indigenous IDPs

5 4 . I P s h a v e t h e g e n e r a l r i g h t n o t t o b e f o r c i b l y r e m o v e d f r o m t h e i r t r a d i t i o n a l l a n d s o r t o b e r e s e t t l e d w i t h o u t f r e e , p r i o r a n d i n f o r m e d c o n s e n t , a n d a f t e r t h e a g r e e m e n t o f a n a c c e p t a b l e a m o u n t o f c o m p e n s a t i o n . 6 2

5 5 . I n t h e e n j o y m e n t o f t h e i r r i g h t t o a n a d e q u a t e s t a n d a r d o f l i v i n g i n t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f t h e t r a n s i t i o n a l s h e l t e r a r r a n g e m e n t s , I P s m u s t b e p r o v i d e d w i t h s e r v i c e s t h a t a r e a c c e p t a b l e a n d a d a p t e d t o t h e i r p a r t i c u l a r c u l t u r a l r e q u i r e m e n t s . ^ s T h i s w i l l i n c l u d e a d a p t i n g f o o d , e d u c a t i o n a n d s h e l t e r s e r v i c e s t o m e e t t h e s p e c i a l n e e d s o f t h e i n d i g e n o u s c o m m u n i t y c o n c e r n e d .

5 6 . G o v e r n m e n t h a s a p a r t i c u l a r o b l i g a t i o n t o p r o t e c t a g a i n s t t h e d i s p l a c e m e n t o f i n d i g e n o u s p e o p l e s f r o m t h e i r l a n d s , t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e s p e c i a l c u l t u r a l r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h a n d d e p e n d e n c y o n t h o s e l a n d s c a n b e m a i n t a i n e d . ^ ^

5 7 . A n y p r o p e r t y i n t e r v e n t i o n s c o n t e m p l a t e d b y t h e r e s p o n s e t o t h e Z a m b o a n g a C r i s i s m u s t a l s o t a k e a c c o u n t f o r a n y p o t e n t i a l f o r c o m m u n i t y o w n e r s h i p t h a t t h e B a d j a o m a y h a v e o v e r t h e i r t r a d i t i o n a l l a n d s . ^ s I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e o b l i g a t i o n s i n c u m b e n t u p o n c o m p e t e n t a u t h o r i t i e s t o c o n s u l t w i t h a f f e c t e d c o m m u n i t i e s a s d e s c r i b e d a b o v e , I P s a r e e n t i t l e d t o s p e c i a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n i n a n y s u c h c o n s u l t a t i v e m e c h a n i s m s a n d t o b e p r o v i d e d w i t h t h e i n f o r m a t i o n n e c e s s a r y t o p a r t i c i p a t e e f f e c t i v e l y i n a n y r e l e v a n t d e c i s i o n - m a k i n g p r o c e s s e s . 66

Philippine Law on the Rights of Indigenous IDPs

5 8 . T h e 1 9 8 7 C o n s t i t u t i o n o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e s p r o v i d e s t h a t t h e S t a t e s h a l l p r o t e c t t h e r i g h t s o f I P s t o t h e i r a n c e s t r a l l a n d s a n d e n s u r e t h e i r e c o n o m i c , s o c i a l a n d c u l t u r a l w e l l - b e i n g . ^ ^ T h e 1 9 8 7 C o n s t i t u t i o n s i m i l a r l y r e q u i r e s t h e S t a t e t o r e c o g n i s e , p r o t e c t a n d r e s p e c t t h e r i g h t o f I P s t o p r e s e r v e a n d d e v e l o p t h e i r c u l t u r e s , t r a d i t i o n s a n d i n s t i t u t i o n s . T h e s e r i g h t s m u s t b e c o n s i d e r e d i n t h e f o r m u l a t i o n o f n a t i o n a l p l a n s a n d p o l i c i e s . ^ s

62

53

64

65

66

67

68

Art. 10, UN Declaration on the Rights of/Indigenous Peoples, 2007. ISAC Framework on Durable Solutions, p 32. Principle 9, UN guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. Principle 15.3, Pinhiero Principles. See also: ISAC Framework on Durable Solutions, p 35. Principle 14(2), Pinhiero Principles; Art. 18, UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Art. XII, s 5, 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. Art. XIV, s 17, 1987 Constitution of the Philippines.

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5 9 - T h e Indigenous Peoples Rights Act p r o t e c t s I P s ' i n t e r e s t s i n l a n d d u r i n g p e r i o d s o f a r m e d c o n f l i c t ; i n p a r t i c u l a r , t h a t g o v e r n m e n t a u t h o r i t i e s s h a l l n o t f o r c e i n d i g e n o u s p o p u l a t i o n s t o a b a n d o n t h e i r l a n d s , t e r r i t o r i e s a n d m e a n s o f s u b s i s t e n c e f o r m i l i t a r y p u r p o s e s . ^ ^

6 0 . T h e Indigenous Peoples Rights Act p r o v i d e s f u r t h e r t h a t i n c a s e s o f d i s p l a c e m e n t b y " n a t u r a l c a t a s t r o p h e s " t h a t I P s s h a l l b e r e s e t t l e d i n a r e a s w h e r e t h e y a r e t o h a v e t e m p o r a r y l i f e s u p p o r t s y s t e m s , p r o v i d e d t h a t t h e y s h a l l r e t a i n t h e r i g h t t o r e t u r n t o t h e i r a b a n d o n e d l a n d s . 7 o

6 1 . N I P A S a l s o a c c o r d s d u e r e c o g n i t i o n t o a n c e s t r a l l a n d s a n d c u s t o m a r y r i g h t s i n t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f p r o t e c t e d a r e a s . I n p a r t i c u l a r , i n d i g e n o u s c o m m u n i t i e s c a n n o t b e e v i c t e d o r r e s e t t l e d f r o m e s t a b l i s h e d p r o t e c t e d a r e a s w i t h o u t t h e i r c o n s e n t . ^ i T h e C o m m i s s i o n t h e r e f o r e r e m i n d s r e s p o n s i b l e a u t h o r i t i e s t h a t n o d i s p l a c e d I P s c a n b e r e s e t t l e d w i t h o u t t h e i r f r e e , p r i o r a n d i n f o r m e d c o n s e n t .

6 2 . T h e C o m m i s s i o n a d v i s e s a l l c o n c e r n e d g o v e r n m e n t a u t h o r i t i e s o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i s e d r i g h t s o f I P s a n d o f t h e i r o b l i g a t i o n s u n d e r d o m e s t i c l a w t o p r o t e c t t h e s e r i g h t s i n t h e c o u r s e o f t h e r e s p o n s e t o t h e Z a m b o a n g a C r i s i s . P a r t i c u l a r e m p h a s i s m u s t b e g i v e n t o t h e c u l t u r a l p r a c t i c e s a n d t r a d i t i o n s o f t h e a f f e c t e d B a d j a o p e o p l e i n t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f a n y p o h c i e s w h i c h a f f e c t t h e i r w e l l - b e i n g .

E . D is t r ibut ion of " F A Q s " Document by Zamboanga City Government

6 3 . T h e C o m m i s s i o n i s a w a r e o f t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f a n F A Q s d o c u m e n t , w h i c h h a s b e e n c i r c u l a t e d b y t h e Z a m b o a n g a C i t y G o v e r n m e n t t o I D P s a n d i d e n t i f i e s v a r i o u s p r o p o s e d m e a s u r e s a n d a c t i v i t i e s i n r e s p o n s e t o t h e d i s p l a c e m e n t c r i s i s . T h e C o m m i s s i o n i s s u e s t h e f o l l o w i n g a d v i c e i n r e s p e c t o f t h e s e F A Q s .

Prioritization in Shelter Assistance

6 4 . T h e F A Q s d o c u m e n t i d e n t i f i e s t h e c r i t e r i a f o r t r a n s f e r from e v a c u a t i o n c e n t r e s t o t r a n s i t i o n a l a c c o m m o d a t i o n . T h e c h a p e a u o f t h i s s e c t i o n n o t e s t h a t t r a n s f e r o f I D P s t o t r a n s i t o r y s i t e s w i l l b e b a s e d o n " w i l l i n g n e s s a n d v u l n e r a b i l i t y " . W i l l i n g n e s s i n t h i s c o n t e x t s u g g e s t s t h a t t h o s e w h o v o l u n t a r i l y a c c e p t t r a n s f e r w i l l b e p r i o r i t i s e d a h e a d o f t h o s e w h o d i s p u t e t h e i r c o n d i t i o n s o f o r r e a s o n s f o r t r a n s f e r .

6 5 . A s e x p l a i n e d a b o v e , t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f S o c i a l W e l f a r e a n d D e v e l o p m e n t ( D S W D ) G u i d e l i n e o n S h e l t e r A s s i s t a n c e e s t a b l i s h e s a

s 22, Republic Act No. 8371, Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997. s 7(d), Republic Act No. 8371, Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997. Id, sec. 13.

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l i s t o f c a t e g o r i e s o f p e r s o n w h o s h a l l b e p r i o r i t i s e d i n t h e r e n d e r i n g o f " c o r e s h e l t e r " a n d " m o d i f i e d s h e l t e r " a s s i s t a n c e . ' ' ^

6 6 . T h e 5 c r i t e r i a f o r a s s i s t a n c e s t i p u l a t e d i n t h e F A Q s a r e n o t c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e c a t e g o r i e s e s t a b l i s h e d b y t h e D S W D g u i d e l i n e s . T h e F A Q s d o n o t l i s t a n u m b e r o f g r o u p s t h a t a r e t o b e p r i o r i t i z e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e g u i d e l i n e s . T h e s e i n c l u d e " f a m i l i e s w h o s e h e a d o f h o u s e h o l d d i e d o r w e r e i n c a p a c i t a t e d " , " f a m i l i e s h e a d e d b y a s o l o p a r e n t " , " f a m i l i e s w i t h m o r e t h a n f i v e m e m b e r s w h e r e t h e m a j o r i t y a r e b e l o w 1 8 y e a r s o l d " a n d " s u r r o g a t e p a r e n t s o f o r p h a n e d c h i l d r e n " .

6 7 . M o r e o v e r , i f a n y p e r s o n s f a l l i n g i n t o t h e s e c a t e g o r i e s a r e n o t w i l l i n g t o b e r e s e t t l e d v o l u n t a r i l y , t h e y s h o u l d n o t b e e x c l u d e d f r o m b e i n g m a d e o f f e r s o f p r i o r i t y a s s i s t a n c e . A n y h o u s i n g , l a n d o r r e s t i t u t i o n p r o g r a m m e s m u s t a l s o b e c a r r i e d o u t o n a v o l u n t a r y b a s i s a n d i n f u l l c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h t h e i n d i v i d u a l s , g r o u p s a n d c o m m u n i t i e s a f f e c t e d . 7 3 T h e u s e o f " w i l l i n g n e s s " a s a c r i t e r i o n f o r p r i o r i t i s a t i o n s u g g e s t s t h a t t h o s e w h o d o n o t c o o p e r a t e w i t h a u t h o r i t i e s w i l l b e a t a d i s a d v a n t a g e . A l t h o u g h t h e v o l u n t a r y b a s i s f o r t r a n s f e r i s a c o r n e r s t o n e o f t h e r e l e v a n t i n t e r n a t i o n a l h u m a n r i g h t s s t a n d a r d s , f a m i l i e s s h o u l d n o t b e d i s a d v a n t a g e d b y d i s p u t i n g a n y a s p e c t o f t h e r e s e t t l e m e n t p r o c e s s .

Restitution and Return

6 8 . T h e F A Q s n o t e t h a t " I D P s will r e t u r n t o t h e i r p l a c e s o f o r i g i n w h e n r e h a b i l i t a t i o n . . . i s c o m p l e t e " ( e m p h a s i s a d d e d ) . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d s a r t i c u l a t e d a b o v e , I D P s s h o u l d n e v e r b e f o r c e d t o i n v o l u n t a r i l y r e t u r n t o t h e i r o r i g i n a l p l a c e s o f r e s i d e n c e , w h i c h s h o u l d b e r e f l e c t e d i n t h e F A Q s .

6 9 . T h e F A Q s a l s o s p e c i f y t h a t h o u s e s w i l l n o t b e r e c o n s t r u c t e d i n s o m e a r e a s t o m a k e w a y f o r " r o a d w i d e n i n g " a n d t h e " o p e n i n g o f n e w r o a d s " , a m o n g o t h e r t h i n g s . W h i l e I D P s m a y b e s u b j e c t t o r e s e t t l e m e n t , t h e d i s p l a c e m e n t o f p e r s o n s a n d s u b s e q u e n t r e s e t t l e m e n t s h o u l d n o t b e a c a u s e f o r u n r e l a t e d d e v e l o p m e n t p r o j e c t s t h a t g i v e r i s e t o f o r c e d e v i c t i o n s .

7 0 . I D P s w h o p o s s e s s r i g h t s o r p r i v i l e g e s p u r s u a n t t o P r e s i d e n t i a l D e c r e e N o . 1 4 5 8 o f 7 J u l y 1 9 7 5 a r e " a s s u r e d o f g o i n g b a c k t o t h e i r p l a c e s o r o r i g i n " . I t s h o u l d b e n o t e d t h a t P r e s i d e n t i a l D e c r e e N o . 1 4 5 8 d a t e d 11 J u n e 1 9 7 8 a n d e s t a b h s h e s t h e F i n a n c e D e p a r t m e n t , I n t e l l i g e n c e a n d I n v e s t i g a t i o n B u r e a u , w h i c h a p p e a r s e n t i r e l y u n r e l a t e d t o t h e Z a m b o a n g a S i e g e a s n o r i g h t s o r p r i v i l e g e s a r e c r e a t e d f o r a f f e c t e d I D P s p u r s u a n t t o t h i s d e c r e e . I t i s a s s u m e d t h a t t h i s c i t a t i o n i s a n e r r o r , w h i c h s h o u l d b e r e c t i f i e d i n t h e F A Q s . J

72 Administrative Order No. 17, series of 2010, artVIl(A), s 1.5. Principle 14, Pinhiero Principles. 73

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7 1 . T h e F A Q s s t i p u l a t e t h a t t h o s e w i t h " l a n d t i t l e s o r a n y o t h e r l e g a l i n s t r u m e n t s " w i l l b e a s s u r e d o f t h e i r r e t u r n . S e c o n d a r y o c c u p a n t s w h o l a c k f o r m a l t i t l e o v e r t h e i r r e s i d e n c e s s h o u l d b e a b l e t o r e t u r n t o t h e i r r e s i d e n c e a n d r e p o s s e s s p r o p e r t y i n a s i m i l a r m a n n e r t o t h o s e w i t h l e g a l o w n e r s h i p . 7 4 i n o t h e r w o r d s , r e s t i t u t i o n s h o u l d n o t b e m a d e a u t o m a t i c a l l y a v a i l a b l e t o t i t l e h o l d e r s a n d r e f u s e d t o s e c o n d a r y o c c u p a n t s , s u c h a s i n f o r m a l s e t t l e r s . T h e r e s h o u l d b e n o i d e n t i f i e d a u t o m a t i c a d v a n t a g e i n a c c e s s i n g p r o p e r t y r e s t i t u t i o n f o r l e g i t i m a t e t i t l e h o l d e r s o v e r s e c o n d a r y o c c u p a n t s .

NIPASAct

7 2 . T h e F A Q s i d e n t i f y s p e c i f i c B a r a n g a y s a s " n o - b u i l d z o n e s " o n t h e b a s i s t h a t t h e y a r e " h a z a r d p r o n e " u n d e r t h e National Integrated Protected Areas System Act ( N I P A S A c t ) . 7 5 T h e N I P A S A c t d o e s n o t c a t e g o r i s e a r e a s a s p r o t e c t e d o n t h e b a s i s t h a t a n a r e a i s h a z a r d o u s o r d a n g e r o u s f o r h u m a n h a b i t a t i o n , b u t , r a t h e r , t h a t t h e a r e a i s o f " u n i q u e p h y s i c a l a n d b i o l o g i c a l s i g n i f i c a n c e " a n d s h o u l d b e " p r o t e c t e d a g a i n s t d e s t r u c t i v e h u m a n e x p l o i t a t i o n " . B y r e f e r r i n g t o t h e p u r p o r t e d l y h a z a r d o u s n a t u r e o f a p a r t i c u l a r a r e a a s a r a t i o n a l e f o r p r e v e n t i n g r e s t i t u t i o n i n c o r r e c t l y s u g g e s t s t o I D P s t h a t s u c h a p o l i c y i s b e i n g i m p o s e d f o r t h e i r b e n e f i t , w h i c h i s n o t t h e o b j e c t i v e o f t h e N I P A S a n d t h e r e f o r e h a b l e t o m i s l e a d .

7 3 . T h e i m p l e m e n t i n g r u l e s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s ( I R R s ) t o t h e N I P A S A c t i d e n t i f y a v a r i e t y o f c a t e g o r i e s o f p r o t e c t e d a r e a f o r i m p l e m e n t a t i o n u n d e r t h e s y s t e m . 7 6 O n l y t w o o f t h e s e c a t e g o r i e s , " s t r i c t p r o t e c t i o n z o n e s " a n d " s u s t a i n a b l e u s e z o n e s " , p r o h i b i t r e s i d e n t i a l d w e l l i n g s . T h e r e m a i n i n g c a t e g o r i e s o f p r o t e c t e d a r e a s p e r m i t r e s i d e n t i a l d w e l l i n g s a n d h u m a n h a b i t a t i o n t o v a r y i n g d e g r e e s . I t i s n o t c l e a r t o w h i c h c a t e g o r y o f p r o t e c t e d a r e a t h e s t i p u l a t e d B a r a n g a y s b e l o n g a n d a c c o r d i n g l y w h a t m a n n e r o f r e s t r i c t i o n o n r e s i d e n t i a l d w e l l i n g s i s r e q u i r e d .

7 4 . T h e n a t u r e a n d e x t e n t o f t h e s e i n c o n s i s t e n c i e s w i t h i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d s a n d d o m e s t i c l e g i s l a t i o n h a v e l e d t h e C o m m i s s i o n t o a d v i s e t h a t t h e F A Q s i n t h e i r p r e s e n t f o r m s h o u l d b e i m m e d i a t e l y r e m o v e d f r o m c i r c u l a t i o n u n t i l s u c h t i m e a s t h e y a r e u p d a t e d t o e n s u r e c o m p l i a n c e w i t h i n t e r n a t i o n a l a n d d o m e s t i c l a w .

TV. C O N C L U S I O N

T h e C O M M I S S I O N u r g e s a l l s t a k e h o l d e r s , e s p e c i a l l y l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t u n i t s , r e l e v a n t h o u s i n g a u t h o r i t i e s , t h e p o l i c e a n d o t h e r g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s , t g a d o p t t h e s t a n d a r d s a n d g u i d e l i n e s c o n t a i n e d i n t h i s a d v i s o r y .

Principle 16, Pinhiero jpfinciples. Republic Act No. 75^6, National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992 Department of EiWironment and Natural Resources Administrative Order No. 25, series of 1992, National

Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Implementing Rules and Regulations, s 10.

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T h e C O M M I S S I O N m a y c o n v e n e a h e a r i n g t o m o n i t o r c o m p l i a n c e

w i t h t h e l a w s a n d s t a n d a r d s d e s c r i b e d i n t h i s a d v i s o r y . F u r t h e r m o r e , t h e

C O M M I S S I O N , p a r t i c u l a r l y C H R P R e g i o n I X O f f i c e , i s o n t h e g r o u n d f o r

m o n i t o r i n g b a s e d o n t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n a l m a n d a t e o f t h e C o m m i s s i o n t o

p r o t e c t h u m a n r i g h t s , a n d s p e c i f i c n o t i c e s m a y b e i s s u e d f o r t h i s p u r p o s e .

L E T T H I S A D V I S O R Y b e a d o p t e d a n d b e c i r c u l a t e d a s w i d e l y a s

p o s s i b l e .

D o n e t h i s i / ^ d a y o f J u n e 2 0 1 4 a t Q u e z o n C i t y , P h i l i p p i n e s .

C E C I L I A R A C H E L V . Q U I S U M B I N G MA. V I C T O R I A V . C A R D O N A

C o m m i s s i o n e r C o m m i s s i o n e r

J O S E MANtTEL S. M A M A U A G C o n m i i s s i o n e r

19


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