MEDIA AND HUMAN RIGHTS WORKSHOPFEBRUARY 23, 2012
SIOBHÁN MCINERNEY-LANKFORDWORLD BANK NORDIC TRUST FUND
Human Rights and Development:
An Introduction
Purpose of presentation: an introduction to the following themes
o Links between human rights and development
o Approaches to integrating human rights in development
o Perspectives on challenges and opportunities
o World Bank approach o Nordic Trust Fund
Challenges of integrating HR and development
Normative, legal and institutional frameworks remain separate Few entry points identified for HR in development instruments /
analysis Uneven policy commitment to link HR and development Potential political sensitivity Even where HR uptake exists
not systematic or comprehensive rarely anchored in HR treaties more principles-based limited expertise on HRBA methodology research needed links between HR and economic outcomes data shortage and lack of HR measurement
Origins of emerging convergence between human rights and development
Concerns about accountability in development
Reevaluation of development paradigm (Sen; Voices of the Poor) and focus on poverty 2000/2001
Poverty as absence of freedom and deprivation of rights (not just economic condition
Rise of normative approaches (esp. bilaterals) and HRBA (UN)
Emerging view on: need for accountability in service
delivery link between participation and
sustainability increasing overlap in development
activities and coverage of HR treaties
Legal and policy linkages
Soft law efforts to link the two, e.g. RtD 1968 Proclamation of Tehran• 1986 Declaration on the Right to Development • 1993 Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
• More recent linkages:• 2000 Millennium Declaration, but MDGs are HR silent• 2008 Accra Agenda for Action (aid effectiveness)• 2010 Millennium Outcome Document• 2011 Busan Outcome Document
Justifications for integrating HR in development
Human Rights-based Approaches
Human rights an explicit
goal of development cooperation
Human Rights-based Approaches
Human rights an explicit
goal of development cooperation
Human Rights
Mainstreaming
Mainstream human rights
into aid interventions
across sectors.
May include “do no harm”
Human Rights
Mainstreaming
Mainstream human rights
into aid interventions
across sectors.
May include “do no harm”
Human Rights
Dialogue
Foreign policy and aid
dialogues include human rights issues
(may involve conditionality.)
Human Rights
Dialogue
Foreign policy and aid
dialogues include human rights issues
(may involve conditionality.)
Human Rights Projects
Projects or programmes
directly target the realization of specific rights,
groups or support human
rights organizations
Human Rights Projects
Projects or programmes
directly target the realization of specific rights,
groups or support human
rights organizations
Implicit Human Rights Work
Agencies don’t use explicit HR language but work on similar
areas (e.g. “protection”
“empowerment” or general “good governance”
Implicit Human Rights Work
Agencies don’t use explicit HR language but work on similar
areas (e.g. “protection”
“empowerment” or general “good governance”
Integrating Human Rights in Development Cooperation Integrating Human Rights in Development Cooperation
HR as primary
goal
HR as implicit outcome
Different donor approaches to integrating human rights
in development, can be overlapping / combined
Source: OECD DAC Human Rights Task Team
UN Approach to HR and Development: HRBAsCommon Understanding 2003
World Bank approach to human rights and development
No human rights policy Focus: economic approaches, evidence-based
methodology, but growing interest in distributional questions; redress mechanism
Challenges: Legal constraints of IBRD Articles of Agreement Lack of empirical evidence linking HR and ec. growth /
outcomes Different views among member countries
Approach: Implicit support through activities: institutions, justice,
gender, health, education, social protection, disabilities Uptake of human rights principles – participation,
accountability, equality (equity)
World Bank Nordic Trust Fund
Nordic Trust Fund – knowledge and learning initiative on HR to help WB develop an informed view on HR and how they relate to Bank operations
Supporting countries, not monitoring, assessing or compliance-oriented
Not promoting or based on HRBA 2 track program
Studies and partnerships 28 grants, some good results
emerging
Priority areas for the way forward – based on NTF experience