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www.civita.no
Human Rights and Freedom
Presentation by David Hansen, Director at Civita
www.civita.no
What…• Human Rights
– Natural Rights– Civil Rights– Liberal Rights / Fundamental Freedoms
• The International Human Rights– The International Bill of Rights
• UDHR + CPR + ESCR– The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
• International Public Law
• National Law (dualism vs monism)
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International Human Rights: Work in progress…
1948: UN Declaration on Human Rights
1966: Two International Conventions:
CPR og ESCR
1976: 35 states
2008: 160 states
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International Human Rights: Work in progress…
Convention on the Eliminationof All Forms of Racial Discrimination
(CERD)
Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination
against Women (CEDAW)
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or
Degrading Treatment or
Punishment (CAT)
Convention on the Rights of the Child
(CRC)
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Why…• The Big (Political) Project
– Never Again…– Peace, co-existence, development– The many compromises and the long way…
• From The Ancient via The Enlightenment to Contemporary time
• Man Made and / or God Given?
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How…• The National State
– Government– Citizens– Civil Society and Private Sector
• The International Institutions– Institutionalised Protection and Promotion– Everyone is entitled to a social and international
order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized. (art. 28)
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How…Human
rights-basedapproaches
Human rightsmainstreaming
Human rightsdialogues
Human rights projects
Implicit human rights work
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Liberty by LawMagna Carta 1215 (King John)
Charter of Liberties 1100 (Henry I)
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“I think that to do everything we can to find, as I say, something that would destroy weapons and not humans is a great step forward in human rights.”
President Reagan (i TV-debatt i Kansas City under presidentvalgkampen 1984 vs Mondale)
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Challenges…• the Failed States
• the (too) Strong States
• the (faltering) international institutions
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Challenges…• Mulla Krekar’s Rights
• How Nazi can one be allowed to be?
• Omnipresence… turning all human desires into rights…
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Challenges…• Absolutte Rights
• Universal Rights
• Relative Rights
In sub-Saharan Africa 1 out of 22 women giving birth die – in comparison 1 out of 7300 in developed countries.
More than 500.000 women die from pregnancies and childbirthannually
Maternal Mortality
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATIONIn f. ex. Sudan, Ethiopia and Djiboti 90 % of all girls are
circumcised.Genital Mutilation takes place even if its prohibited by law.
Utvikle et globalt partnerskap for utvikling.
EDUCATION
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Thank you for your kind attention