Date post: | 02-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | moana-christian |
View: | 54 times |
Download: | 1 times |
Human-to-Human Communication
• A model for human-computer interaction?• Important scope limitation: problem solving• Why look at human-human interface?
– The human-computer interface is really a human-human interface because a computer’s intellectual substance is wholly derived from people!
1
Human-to-Human Communication
– Computer messages are messages from human designers to human users:
• Offset in time• Sent through a “mask”
– Lowers inhibitions– Can bring out hostility or misdirected sense of humor– A phenomenon observed by sociologists in actors
Wrap up2
Human-to-Human Communication
• Chapanis did study of nature of human-human communication for problem solving A. Chapanis, Scientific American, 1975.
– Source and seeker of information– Neither can solve problem alone– Must work together– Problem: assemble a trash toter
Wrap up3
Human-to-Human Communication
• Communication channels– Voice– Hand-writing– Typing– Video
• Communication mode – combination of channels• The experimental setup (next slide)
Wrap up4
Wrap up5
Excerpt from typed communication
Wrap up6
Excerpt from voice communication
Wrap up7
Human-to-Human Communication
• Results– Order of efficiency (time to solve)
• Communication-rich mode (all channels)• Voice (but cannot see each other)• Hand-writing (including drawing sketches)• Typing (experienced)• Typing (inexperienced)
– Time to complete• From less than 30 minutes (communication-rich mode)
to over 60 minutes (factor of 2.5)
Wrap up8
Human-to-Human Communication
• Results– Unexpected aspects
• Small difference between experienced and inexperienced typists
– Only about 1/3 of time on average used in typing– Different kind of typing (abbreviated and without attention to
punctuation)
• Small difference between communication-rich and voice only
– In spite of all the information-bearing gestures
• Voice was most important channel– All modes with voice did substantially better
Wrap up9
Human-to-Human Communication
• Observations– Communication was very ungrammatical
• A big barrier to voice I/O in HCI• Almost unintelligible • Expected, but surprising in extent that it was true• Communication success is tribute to human ability
Wrap up10
Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at an Elingsh uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht frist and lsat ltteer is at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae we do not raed ervey lteter by it slef but the wrod as a wlohe.
Human-to-Human Communication
• Observations– Voice channels are very verbose
• Higher bandwidth got used, but not efficiently
– Allowing interruption• Did not shorten solution time• Does cause different message packaging
Wrap up12
Human-to-Human Communication
• In-class exercise– Everyone: as you observe, write down important
characteristics of human-human-communication for problem-solving
– Are these not also important in human-computer interaction?
Wrap up13