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GROUP 7 PRESENTATIONYJ Lee, Jenny Kohler, Jenny Choi, Jenny Mytton
Humanism, Literature and the Protestant Reformation
THE ENGLISH REFORMATION
When did it begin? In the 16th century England, the Church
of England broke away from the Roman Catholic Church (and from the Pope too)
Several important factors that caused the Reformation were…
1. European Protestant Reformation was spreading widely (it started in 1517)
2. Decline of Feudalism3. The invention of the printing press
helped the Bible to circulate throughout the country
4. And King Henry VIII…
HUMANISM
Educational reform movement Focuses on the human experience on
its own terms Return to antiquity
Revival of classical learning and thought. Latin and Greek
ERASMUS
Dutch Renaissance Humanist Also a Catholic Classic Scholar “Prince of the Humanists” Wrote Criticisms of the Catholic Church
ERASMUS AND LUTHER
Luther’s movement began the year after the publication of the New Testament
Martin Luther used the 2nd edition to help him with his own New Testament writings in German
Erasmus led the Humanists in condemning the forms of corruption within the Church
He thought that true religion was a matter of inward devotion as opposed to ceremony and ritual
Luther borrowed this Humanistic principle.
RISING TENSIONS
Erasmus became pressured to side with the Church or the reformers
Although he had critiqued the Church, he always argued that he was not attacking the institution itself
Luther asked him to join the Lutheran party and he said….(any guesses?)
THE BATTLE OF FREE WILL
Luther’s view came from the fallen state of man
One can only be redeemed through the grace of God
This separated Lutheranism from Humanism and Erasmus
JOHN CALVIN French protestant theologian
Calvinism -is a theological system and an approach to the Christian life that emphasizes the rule of God over all things. Focuses also on predestination, total depravity, unconditional election, irresistible grace, perservance of the saints. Strong emphasis on the original creation which doesn’t credit human achievement. Humanism
-Dignity and worth of all people. Truth and morality is sought through human investigation and rejects dependence on a belief without reason. Sorry God.
-Sir Thomas More
“EVERYMAN”15th century English morality play-Dignity and worth of all people. Truth and morality is sought through human investigation.
GodOpening of play- God is upset that humans are too absorbed in material wealth and riches which loses focus on Him. He summons Death to go to “everyman” and hear their accounts for their empty lives which leads to finding others to speak on their behalf.
RELIGIOUS EFFECT
Printing press allows Martin Luther to spread material quickly (1517)
A century later, follows the Western Schism; a time of disarray in the church
Without ability to transmit material quickly, history might have been quite different
BRINGING THE BIBLE TO THE PEOPLE Translation of the Bible into many
languages (from Latin) Self-interpretation of the Bible Less reliance upon the priest figure Questioning of religious authority (ie
repentance via a father)
EDUCATION
“How-To” books bring education to general public without apprenticeship-oriented training
Books become cheaper, accessible
RISE OF THE MODERN UNIVERSITY
University becomes prominent, takes new shape
Accessibility to information through literature
University as a place for research, scholarly journals