TECHNIQUES

round table, pairs check, inside-outside circle, paraphrase passport, think-pair-share, interview, talking chips.

It blends what students

Think Feel Know Their ideas of self-actualization Self-esteem development

Better they feel about themselves, more likely they are to be high achievers (Arthur Combs: 1959) because they carry their selves-concept with them to their class, home and everywhere.

It shifts the focus from teaching to learning.

It emphasizes on…

Inter personal relationship with students, good learning environment (Moskowitz: 1978).

The teachers must be a facilitator and they must…

Discard their superiority and be genuine and true in their efforts

Genuinely trust, accept and prize the students as a worthy individual

Openly communicate with students and vice versa

Caring and sharing in the foreign language classroom (Moscowitz: 1978).

By ensuring that the students are comfortable, confident and relaxed, the affective filter is lowered, thus enhancing learning.

Students & teachers exist in a parents-children relationship.

Students say what they want to say either in English or in L1

Educational Implications of Humanistic Approach to Learning

Student-centered learning Discovery learning Respect for students feelings and

aspirations Variety in teaching Active involvement Learner support Tasks designed for encouraging

students involvement

Educational Implications of Humanistic Approach to Learning cont. 1.Place of the student in teaching 1.Place of the student in teaching learninglearningStudents play a central role in whole Students play a central role in whole teaching-learning processteaching-learning processStudent-centered educationStudent-centered educationFirst teachers have to understand students’First teachers have to understand students’ needs, interests, abilities, needs, interests, abilities, age level, attitude and aptitude.age level, attitude and aptitude.Then they have to organize teaching Then they have to organize teaching materials according to these needs.materials according to these needs.

Educational Implications of Humanistic Approach to Learning cont. 2. Emphasis on IndividualityEvery student has his own individuality.Teachers should respect and develop this individuality.Teachers have to understand this individuality Then they have to organize teaching according to it.

Educational Implications of Humanistic Approach to Learning cont. 3.Undestanding the studentFirst teachers have to understand the students and then teach themTeachers have to know students’ interests, personalities, capabilities and background knowledge. Then they have to use teaching method accordingly.So before teaching, teachers have to understand students thoroughly.

Educational Implications of Humanistic Approach to Learning cont. 4. Method of teachingMethod of teaching should be based on psychological principle.Should not use teacher-centered / traditional methods of teachingShould emphasize on active learningShould use learner-centered innovative methods of teachingLearner motivation, mental set up and motivation should be considered

Educational Implications of Humanistic Approach to Learning cont. 5.DisciplineTeachers should not force students to be disciplined.They should encourage students’ self- discipline self-control

Educational Implications of Humanistic Approach to Learning cont.

6. Place and role of the teacher

Teachers act as a guide, facilitator, friend for the studentsTeachers can be considered as the milestone in the journey of the development of the studentsTeachers should not force his own methods and views on the students

Educational Implications of Humanistic Approach to Learning cont. 7.A democratic process Students should be taught in an democratic environment.It is such an environment in which students and teachers participate together and share their views and opinions.

Humanistic Approach in Teacher Education

Underhill (1999):

3 categories of teachers-

1. Lecturers

2. Teachers

3. Facilitators – humanistic in reality

Stevick (1990):

Humanistic Teacher- 5 qualities

1. Feelings2. Social relations3. Responsibility4. Intellect5. Self-actualization

Focus of Teacher Education:

Present situation emphasizes on cognitive learning

A mixture of cognitive abilities and affective factors in education

To establish realistic boundaries with students and to produce ‘educator’ of what they want to be

Fostering self-actualization

Emphatic understanding Respect Genuineness

- To enable the student to actualize his/her potentialities

Ways of producing a humanistic teacher

Developing teacher as a person

Developing teacher as a teacher

The ultimate goal is to reduce anxiety in learning, involving learner’s personal concern and promote learning from the subjective point of view and simultaneously developing learner’s personality

Advantage Shifted the focus of behavior to the

individual / whole person rather than the unconscious mind, genes, observable behavior etc.

Humanistic psychology satisfies most people's idea of what being human means because it values personal ideals and self-fulfillment.

Advantage con.

Qualitative data gives genuine insight and more holistic information into behavior.

Limitations

Ignores biology . Unscientific – subjective concepts. E.g.

cannot objectively measure self-actualization.

Humanism ignores the unconscious mind.

Limitation con. Behaviorism – human and animal

behavior can be compared. Qualitative data is difficult to compare. Their belief in free will is in opposition to

the deterministic laws of science

Thank you