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INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 1
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DEFINITION OF HRD
A set of systematic and planned activities designed by an organization to provide its members with the necessary skills to meet current and future job demands.
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EVOLUTION OF HRD
Early apprenticeship programs Early vocational education programs Early factory schools Early training for unskilled/semiskilled Human relations movement Establishment of training profession Emergence of HRD
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DEFINITION OF TERMS occupation (n.) early 14c., "fact of holding or possessing;"
mid-14c., "a being employed in something," also "a particular action," from Old French occupacion "pursuit, work, employment; occupancy, occupation" (12c.), from Latin occupationem (nominative occupatio) "a taking possession; business, employment," noun of action from past participle stem of occupare (see occupy). Meaning "employment, business in which one engages" is late 14c. That of "condition of being held and ruled by troops of another country" is from 1940.
A job is a regular activity performed in exchange for payment. A person usually begins a job by becoming an employee, volunteering, or starting a business. The duration of a job may range from an hour (in the case of odd jobs) to a lifetime (in the case of some judges). If a person is trained for a certain type of job, they may have a profession. The series of jobs a person holds in their life is their career.
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APPRENTICESHIP Apprenticeship is a system of training a new generation of
practitioners of a structured competency a basic set of skills
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EARLY APPRENTICESHIP PROGRAMS
Artisans in 1700sArtisans had to train their own
workersGuild schoolsYeomanries (early worker unions)
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GUILD SCHOOL
A guild /ɡɪld/ is an association of artisans or merchants who control the practice of their craft in a particular town. The earliest types of guild were formed as confraternities of workers. They were organized in a manner something between a professional association, trade union, a cartel, and a secret society. They often depended on grants of letters patent by a monarch or other authority to enforce the flow of trade to their self-employed members, and to retain ownership of tools and the supply of materials. A lasting legacy of traditional guilds are the guildhalls constructed and used as meeting places.
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EARLY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS
1809 – DeWitt Clinton’s manual school
1863 – President Lincoln signs the Land-Grant Act promoting A&M colleges
1917 – Smith-Hughes Act provides funding for vocational education at the state level
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EARLY FACTORY SCHOOLS
Industrial Revolution increases need for trained workers to design, build, and repair machines used by unskilled workers
Companies started machinist and mechanical schools in-house
Shorter and more narrowly-focused than apprenticeship programs
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EARLY TRAINING FOR UNSKILLED/SEMISKILLED WORKERS
Mass production (Model T)Semiskilled and unskilled workersProduction line – one task = one
workerWorld War I
Retool & retrain“Show, Tell, Do, Check” (OJT)
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MASS PRODUCTION (MODEL T)
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MODEL T
Henry Ford designed his first moving assembly line in 1913, and revolutionized the manufacturing processes of his Ford Model T.
This assembly line, at the first Ford plant in Highland Park, Michigan, became the benchmark for mass production methods around the world. A simple idea It was Henry's intention to produce the largest number of cars, to the simplest design, for the lowest possible cost. When car ownership was confined to the privileged few, Henry Ford's aim was to "put the world on wheels" and produce an affordable vehicle for the general public.
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HUMAN RELATIONS MOVEMENT
Factory system often abused workers
“Human relations” movement promoted better working conditions
Start of business & management education
Tied to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
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Maslow wanted to understand what motivates people. He believed that individuals possess a set of motivation systems unrelated to rewards or unconscious desires.
Maslow (1943) stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs. When one need is fulfilled a person seeks to fulfill the next one, and so on.
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ESTABLISHMENT OF THE TRAINING PROFESSION
Outbreak of WWII increased the need for trained workers
Federal government started the Training Within Industry (TWI) program
1942 – American Society for Training Directors (ASTD) formed
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EMERGENCE OF HRD
Employee needs extend beyond the training classroom
Includes coaching, group work, and problem solving
Need for basic employee development Need for structured career development ASTD changes its name to the American
Society for Training and Development
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HRM AND HRD
Human resource management (HRM) encompasses many functions
Human resource development (HRD) is just one of the functions within HRM
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SELF-CHECK
1. A set of systematic and planned activities designed by an organization to provide its members with the necessary skills to meet current and future job demands.
2. A system of training a new generation of practitioners of a structured competency a basic set of skills
3. An association of artisans or merchants who control the practice of their craft in a particular town.
4. He designed his first moving assembly line in 1913, and revolutionized the manufacturing processes of his Ford Model T
5. His theory stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs. When one need is fulfilled a person seeks to fulfill the next one, and so on.
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ANSWER KEY
1. Human Resource Development2. Apprenticeship3. Guild Schools 4. Henry Ford5. Abraham Maslow
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CHOOSE THE WORDS THAT IS DESCRIBED BY THE STATEMENT (2 POINTS EACH)
1. Henry Ford2. Human Resource
Development3. Apprenticeship4. Guild Schools5. Abraham Maslow6. Industrial Revolution7. Job
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EXPLAIN THE PICTURES IN 30 WORDS MINIMUM
NO. 15-17
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NO. 18-20