Visual DictionaryVisual Dictionary

Materials, Methods, and Materials, Methods, and Equipment IEquipment I

By: HVACBy: HVAC

Air Barrier PaperAir Barrier Paper Also called “housewrap.” Also called “housewrap.” A polyolefin sheet A polyolefin sheet

material that is permiable material that is permiable to water vapor but not to to water vapor but not to

liquid water or air.liquid water or air.

Attic VentilationAttic Ventilation

Allows water vapor to escape, but Allows water vapor to escape, but also keeps house cooler in the also keeps house cooler in the summer by preventing conduction summer by preventing conduction of solar heat through the roofing of solar heat through the roofing and roof sheathing.and roof sheathing. It prevents It prevents excess heat build up in the excess heat build up in the summer and also it lowers energy summer and also it lowers energy cost.cost.

Ridge Vent

Roof Turbine

Attic Ventilation Cont…Attic Ventilation Cont…

Soffit Vent

Gabble Vent

Attic Ventilation Cont…Attic Ventilation Cont…

Soffit Vents

Ridge Vents

Gable Vent

BackhoeBackhoe A hydraulic excavating A hydraulic excavating

machine consisting of a machine consisting of a tractor having an attached tractor having an attached hinged boom, with a bucket hinged boom, with a bucket with movable jaws on the end with movable jaws on the end

of the boom.of the boom.

Backhoe

21 ½’’ Bucket Width

Batter BoardsBatter Boards A temporary frame built just A temporary frame built just

outside the corner of an outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be of the basement that will be

built in the excavation.built in the excavation.

Brick ArchesBrick Arches

CenteringCentering- Temporary form - Temporary form work for an arch, dome, or work for an arch, dome, or

vault.vault.

Brick Arches Cont…Brick Arches Cont…Gothic Arch Segmental Arch

Keystone

Arch with a Keystone

Brick BondsBrick Bonds Running Bond-Running Bond- Courses consist of Courses consist of

all stretchersall stretchers English Bond-English Bond- One course of One course of

headers, followed by one course headers, followed by one course of stretchers, followed by another of stretchers, followed by another course of stretchers course of stretchers

Common Bond-Common Bond- One course of One course of headers followed by multiple headers followed by multiple

courses of stretcherscourses of stretchers Flemish Bond-Flemish Bond- Courses alternate Courses alternate

between headers and stretchers between headers and stretchers English Garden Wall-English Garden Wall- One course One course

alternates between headers and alternates between headers and

stretchersstretchers

Stretchers

Running Bond- Courses consist of all Stretchers

Brick Bonds Cont…Brick Bonds Cont…

Soldiers

Rowlocks

Header

Flemish Bond- Courses alternate between headers and stretchers.

Brick Bonds Continued…Brick Bonds Continued… Monk Bond-Monk Bond- Courses alternate Courses alternate

between two stretchers and one between two stretchers and one header header

Stack Bond-Stack Bond- All stretchers, vertical All stretchers, vertical and horizontal joints line up. This and horizontal joints line up. This is the weakest type of bond. is the weakest type of bond.

Sailors

Brick Bonds Cont…Brick Bonds Cont…

Shiner

Brick SizesBrick SizesUtility Brick

Dimensions: 3 5/8’’ x 3 5/8’’ x 11 5/8’’

Standard Brick

Dimensions: 3 5/8’’ x 2 ¼’’ x 8’’

BulldozerBulldozer A tractor with a large, shovel-A tractor with a large, shovel-

like blade on the front, for like blade on the front, for pushing or moving earth, pushing or moving earth,

debris, etc...debris, etc...

CladdingCladdingStone- Coursed AshlarWood Boards

Cladding Cont…Cladding Cont…

Brick

Wood Shakes- A shingle split from a block of

wood.

Wood Shingles- A shingle sawnFrom a block of wood

Cladding Cont…Cladding Cont…EIFS

Code RequirementsCode Requirements International Building Code-For International Building Code-For

Emergency Escapes Emergency Escapes • Max sill height above the floor = Max sill height above the floor =

44 inches44 inches• Minimum Net Opening size of 5.7 Minimum Net Opening size of 5.7

square feetsquare feet• Minimum Net Width= 20 inchesMinimum Net Width= 20 inches• Minimum Net Height= 24 inchesMinimum Net Height= 24 inches

My Egress Window:• Width= 31 inches• Height= 30 Inches• Net Opening= 6.46 Square Feet• Sill Height= 21 ½ inches

MEETS CODE

Code Requirements Cont…Code Requirements Cont…

International Building Code Requirements for Stairs:• Minimum 10’’ treads• Maximum 7 ¾’’ risers

My Stair Dimensions:• Riser= 7 ½’’• Tread= 10 ½’’

MEETS CODE7 ½’’ > 7’’

10 ½’’ > 10’’

Concrete JointsConcrete Joints Control Joint-Control Joint- An intentional, An intentional,

linear discontinuity in a linear discontinuity in a structure or component, structure or component, designed to form a plane of designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can weakness where cracking can occur in response to various occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure. in the structure.

Isolation Joint-Isolation Joint- A joint, suck A joint, suck as an expansion joint, as an expansion joint, between two adjacent between two adjacent concrete slabs that are not in concrete slabs that are not in contact. contact.

Isolation Joint- The column is beingisolated from the slab.

Failed Control Joint

Concrete Masonry UnitConcrete Masonry Unit

AKAAKA- CMU, Concrete Blocks- CMU, Concrete Blocks A block of hardened concrete, A block of hardened concrete,

with or without hollow cores, with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or same manner as a brick or stone. One course of CMU stone. One course of CMU equals three courses of brick.equals three courses of brick.

Standard DimensionsStandard Dimensions:: • Actual= 7 5/8 x 7 5/8 x 15 5/8 Actual= 7 5/8 x 7 5/8 x 15 5/8 • Nominal= 8 x 8 x 16 Nominal= 8 x 8 x 16

1 Course CMU= 3 Courses of Brick

4’’ Block 10’’ Block

Decorative Concrete Masonry UnitsDecorative Concrete Masonry UnitsRibbed Split Face BlockSplit Block

DoorsDoors

Flush Door-Flush Door- A door with A door with smooth, planar surfacessmooth, planar surfaces

Panel Door-Panel Door- A wood door in A wood door in which one or more thin panels which one or more thin panels

are held by stiles and railsare held by stiles and rails Transom-Transom- A small window A small window

directly above a door directly above a door Sidelight-Sidelight- A tall, narrow A tall, narrow

window alongside a doorwindow alongside a door Transom Sidelight

Flush Door

Doors Cont…Doors Cont…

3 Panel Door

Top RailPanel

Stile

Lock Rail

Bottom Rail

Electrical ComponentsElectrical Components Transformer-Transformer- An electrical An electrical

device that changes the device that changes the voltage of alternating currentvoltage of alternating current

Service Head-Service Head- The assembly The assembly by which electricity is by which electricity is conducted from outdoor lines conducted from outdoor lines to the meter base to the meter base

Meter-Meter- Allows operator to Allows operator to monitor voltage of each monitor voltage of each electrical phase electrical phase

Service Panel-Service Panel- Where the Where the operator can turn the operator can turn the electrical power on and off electrical power on and off

Duplex Receptacle-Duplex Receptacle- Outlet Outlet with two receptacles which with two receptacles which are used to provide individual are used to provide individual plug in points for power plug in points for power distribution. distribution.

1. Transformer

2. Service Head 3. Meter

4. Service Panel 5. Duplex Receptacle

Framing ElementsFraming Elements1. Anchor Bolt 2. Sill Plate

Anchor Bolt- A bolt embedded in concrete For the purpose of fastening a building

Frame to a concrete or masonry foundation.

Sill Plate- The strip of wood thatlies immediately on top of a concrete

or masonry foundation in woodframe construction.

Framing Elements Cont…Framing Elements Cont…3. Floor Joist

A horizontal, structural framing member that supportsfloor loads.

Framing Elements Cont…Framing Elements Cont…4. Subflooring

Subflooring- A rough floor overwhich a finished floor, flooring

material, or carpet is laid.

5. Sole Plate

Sole Plate- The horizontal piece of dimensionlumber at the bottom of the studs in a wall

in a light frame building.

Under the Top Plate

Framing Elements Cont…Framing Elements Cont…6. Stud

Stud- One of an array of small,Parallel wall framing members

Top Plate- The horizontal member atthe top of a stud wall

7. Top Plate

Framing Elements Cont…Framing Elements Cont…8. Ceiling Joist

Ceiling Joist- One of a series of Parallel framing members used to

Supports ceiling loads and supportedIn turn by larger beams, girders,

Or bearing walls.

9. Rafter

Rafter- A framing member that runs upand down the slope of a steep roof.

Framing Elements Cont…Framing Elements Cont…10. Roof Decking

Roof Decking- The structural surfaceRoofing materials are attached.

11. Sheathing

Sheathing- The rough covering applied to the outside

of the roof, wall, or floor framing of a light frame structure.

Framing Elements Cont…Framing Elements Cont…

Stringer- The sloping wood or steel memberThat supports the treads of a stair.

12. Stringer

Gypsum BoardGypsum Board An interior facing panel An interior facing panel

consisting of gypsum core consisting of gypsum core sandwiched between paper sandwiched between paper faces; also called drywall or faces; also called drywall or plasterboardplasterboard

Heat PumpHeat Pump A device that utilizes a A device that utilizes a

refrigeration cycle either to refrigeration cycle either to heat or cool a building by heat or cool a building by passing air or water over passing air or water over either the condensing coils or either the condensing coils or evaporating coils, evaporating coils, respectively.respectively.

Compressor/Evaporator-Compressor/Evaporator- The The exterior component of a heat exterior component of a heat pump in which a fan moves pump in which a fan moves air across coils containing air across coils containing refrigerant.refrigerant.

Air Handling Unit-Air Handling Unit- Sends cool Sends cool refrigerant to a coil in the refrigerant to a coil in the supply duct that cools the supply duct that cools the circulated air; a heating coil is circulated air; a heating coil is used in the process where used in the process where heat is needed.heat is needed.

Compressor/Evaporator

Heat Pump Continued…Heat Pump Continued… Advantage-Advantage- Rapid Response Rapid Response

TimeTime Disadvantage-Disadvantage- Relatively Relatively

NoisyNoisy

Air Handling Unit

InsulationInsulation Purpose: Creates a thermal Purpose: Creates a thermal

envelope around the envelope around the conditioned (heated and/or conditioned (heated and/or cooled) spaces in a house.cooled) spaces in a house.

Batt/Blanket Insulation

Rigid Board

Loose Fill

Foam Insulation

LintelLintel A beam that carries the load A beam that carries the load

of a wall across a window or of a wall across a window or door opening.door opening.

Concrete Lintel

MortarMortar A substance used to join A substance used to join

masonry units, consisting of masonry units, consisting of cementious material, fine cementious material, fine aggregates, and water.aggregates, and water.

Extruded Mortar Joint

Raked Mortar Joint

Not Tooled or Troweled Tooled

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)Oriented Strand Board (OSB) A building component A building component

composed of long strands of composed of long strands of wood fiber oriented in specific wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded directions and bonded together under pressure. OSB together under pressure. OSB is a nonveneered product.is a nonveneered product.

ProcessProcess: Long strands of wood : Long strands of wood particles are compressed and particles are compressed and glued into three to five layers. glued into three to five layers. The grain of the two outside The grain of the two outside layers should be facing in the layers should be facing in the same direction, while the same direction, while the interior layers should have the interior layers should have the grain running perpendicular to grain running perpendicular to each other.each other.

PlumbingPlumbing LavatoryLavatory- A washbowl or basin, - A washbowl or basin,

especially one permanently especially one permanently installed with running water. installed with running water. Drained with a land of half inch Drained with a land of half inch pipe.pipe.

Water ClosetWater Closet- An enclosed room - An enclosed room or compartment containing a or compartment containing a toilet bowl fitted with a toilet bowl fitted with a mechanism for flushing.mechanism for flushing.

Plumbing Vent-Plumbing Vent- Vents provide for Vents provide for relief of sewer gases, admission of relief of sewer gases, admission of oxygen for aerobic sewage oxygen for aerobic sewage digestion, and maintenance of the digestion, and maintenance of the trap trap water sealswater seals which prevent which prevent sewer gases from entering the sewer gases from entering the building.building.

Lavatory

Typical Drain Pipe: 1 ½’’

Water Closet

Plumbing Cont…Plumbing Cont…Vent Through Roof

PlywoodPlywood A wood panel composed of an A wood panel composed of an

odd number of wood veneers odd number of wood veneers bonded together under bonded together under pressure.pressure.

VeneerVeneer- A thin layer, sheet, or - A thin layer, sheet, or facing.facing.

Process:Process: rotary sliced, clipped rotary sliced, clipped into sheets, dried, then glued into sheets, dried, then glued together with the grain of the together with the grain of the two outside panels running in two outside panels running in the same direction and the the same direction and the grain of the interior panels grain of the interior panels running perpendicular to each running perpendicular to each other.other.

Radiant BarrierRadiant Barrier

A reflective foil placed A reflective foil placed adjacent to an airspace in a adjacent to an airspace in a roof or wall assemblies as a roof or wall assemblies as a deferent to the passage of deferent to the passage of infrared energy.infrared energy.

RebarRebar Steel reinforced bars used in Steel reinforced bars used in

concrete or masonry.concrete or masonry. Bars are ribbed for the Bars are ribbed for the

purpose of better adhesion to purpose of better adhesion to concrete.concrete.

½’’ diameter#4 Rebar

Steep Roof DrainageSteep Roof Drainage GutterGutter- A channel that collects - A channel that collects

the rainwater and snowfall at the rainwater and snowfall at the eave of the roofthe eave of the roof

DownspoutDownspout- Vertical pipe for - Vertical pipe for conducting water from roof to conducting water from roof to a lower levela lower level

SplashblockSplashblock- A small precast - A small precast block of concrete used to block of concrete used to divert water at the bottom of divert water at the bottom of a downspout. Helps prevent a downspout. Helps prevent Erosion.Erosion.

Gutter Downspout

Splashblock

Steep Roof MaterialsSteep Roof Materials UnderlaymentUnderlayment- A layer of - A layer of

waterproofing material such as waterproofing material such as building felt between roof building felt between roof sheathing and the roofing. It is sheathing and the roofing. It is used to protect the building from used to protect the building from precipitation before the roof is precipitation before the roof is applied.applied.

ShingleShingle- A small unit of water - A small unit of water resistant material nailed in resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion with many overlapping fashion with many other such units to render a wall other such units to render a wall of sloping roof watertight.of sloping roof watertight.

Preformed Metal RoofPreformed Metal Roof- Small - Small sheets of preformed metal sheets of preformed metal installed by ingenious methods of installed by ingenious methods of joining to maintain water joining to maintain water tightness at the seams.tightness at the seams.

Clay Tile Roof

Underlayment

Steep Roof Materials Cont…Steep Roof Materials Cont…Metal Shingles Preformed Metal Roof

Steep Roof ShapesSteep Roof Shapes

Gambrel Mansard

HipGabble

Steep Roof TermsSteep Roof Terms RidgeRidge- Level of intersection of - Level of intersection of

two roof planes on a gable two roof planes on a gable roof.roof.

ValleyValley- A trough formed by - A trough formed by the intersection of two roof the intersection of two roof planes.planes.

EaveEave- Horizontal edge at the - Horizontal edge at the low edge of a sloping roof.low edge of a sloping roof.

RakeRake- Sloping edge of a steep - Sloping edge of a steep roofroof

FasciaFascia- The exposed vertical - The exposed vertical face of an eaveface of an eave

SoffitSoffit- Undersurface of a - Undersurface of a horizontal element of a horizontal element of a building such as a roof building such as a roof overhang.overhang.

Ridge

Valley

Steep Roof Terms Cont…Steep Roof Terms Cont…Eave

Rake

Fascia

Steep Roof Terms Cont…Steep Roof Terms Cont…

Soffit

Roof with no Fascia

StoneStoneRandom Rubble Coursed Ashlar

Coursed Rubble Random Ashlar

Vapor RetarderVapor Retarder A layer of material intended A layer of material intended

to obstruct the passage of to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a water vapor through a building assembly.building assembly.

Is placed on the inside of Is placed on the inside of insulation!insulation!

WaterproofingWaterproofing Protects the foundation wall Protects the foundation wall

from the moisture in the from the moisture in the earth.earth.

Liquid Applied

Weep HoleWeep Hole A small opening in masonry A small opening in masonry

walls whose purpose is to walls whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building accumulates inside a building component or assembly.component or assembly.

Welded Wire FabricWelded Wire Fabric A grid of steel rods welded A grid of steel rods welded

together used to reinforce a together used to reinforce a concrete slabconcrete slab

WindowsWindows

Double Hung- Has two movingsashes that slide up and down.

Sliding- Slides on two tracks on the top and bottom of the

window.

Outswinging Casement- It ishinged along the side of the

window.