HVDC Station Layout, Equipment LCC & VSC and Integration of ...

1 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA

Dr. Dietmar RetzmannSiemens AG

[email protected]

HVDC Station Layout, Equipment LCC & VSC and Integration of Renewables using HVDC



Overview

1. Introduction2. HVDC Station Layout and Equipment – LCC3. HVDC Station Layout and Equipment – VSC4. Integration of Renewable Energy Sources

using HVDC5. Conclusions



1.

ntroductionHVDC – Green EnergyHVDC – Security of Supply



Reuters: Wind Power & HVDC – January 26, 2011



Increasing Demand for Power Generation* – from 3,620 GW in 2000 to 5,324 GW in 2010 and to 9,669 GW in 2030

Strong Environmental Constraints – Limitation on Power Plant Expansions

Natural Energy Resources far away from the Load Centers

Severe Right-of-Way Constraints

Electric Power Markets – they need HVDC

A crucial Issue in many Countries, in Europe in particular

* Source: Siemens E ST, 2011


Equipment LCC

2.

Station Layout and



HVDCHVDCConfiguration

Possibilities

High-Voltage Direct Current



Configurations Bipolar

Bipolar, Metallic Return

Bipolar, Ground Return – System with two Lines

System needs three Lines !


Configurations Monopolar *

Monopolar, Metallic Return Monopolar, two DC Lines and Ground Return

Monopolar, one DC Line and Ground Return

* Examples with one Pole out of Service


Terminals in parallel

Terminals in series

Parallel: the “Standard” VersionParallel: the “Standard” Version

Multiterminal HVDC


1 AC Switchyard

2 AC Filters, C-Banks

3 Converter Transformers

4 Thyristor Valves

5 Smoothing Reactors11 22 33 44 55

Controls, Protection, Monitoring

44 33 22 11

ACFilter

ACFilter

HVDC Back-to-Back Station

System 1 System 2

ACACACAC AC


6 DC Switchyard

5 Smoothing Reactorsand DC Filters

4 Thyristor Valves

3 Converter Transformers

2 AC Filters, CapacitorBanks

1 AC Switchyard

Pole 1

Pole 2

6644332211

Controls, Protection, MonitoringTo/ fromotherTerminal

55

DCfilter

DCfilter

ACfilter

Bipolar HVDC Station – LDT with OHL

System 1 System 2

ACACACAC AC


AC-Filter Bus

C11

3

L14Fachv

L2

C2

AC-Bus 2

ArrA

ArrB4

ArrB3

ArrB2

ArrB1

7

6

5

8

10

9

11

ArrC

ArrE1

ArrE2

ArrD

Lsmooth

Fdc Fdc

Neutral

FacIv

AC-Filter

DC Line

HVDC Basic Design: Arrester Arrangement


HVDC Thyristor Valves – Principle Circuit of a 12-Pulse Group

Multiple Valve Unit(QuadrupleValve)

A

BC

Valve Arm

Valve Tower Arrangement

A B C1

2

3

4

Example 500 kV

Neutral

to DC Line: + or -

12-Pulse Group



Option to use the 2nd Conductor for

“Metallic Return”

Option to use the 2nd

With MonopolarSystem, only “Ground

Return” available

LDT – Configurations Monopolar/Bipolar



DC Overhead Lines and Tower Configurations

12.94(Cap & Pin)

7.33(Composite Longrod)

5.06 (Composite) /6.18 (Porcelain)

4.34 (Porcelain Cap & Pin) / 3.60 (Composite)

mPracticable Length of Suspension Insulator String

Cap & Pin /Porcelain Longrod

Cap & Pin / Porcelain Longrod /

Composite

Cap & Pin /Porcelain Longrod /

Composite


Composite

-Typical Insulator Type

39 ~ 9331 ~ 51Lattice Tower: 36 ~ 51 / Monopole: 49.18 ~ 48.18

25 ~ 40mRange of Tower Heights

-Typical Suspension Tower Outline(not to scale)

16.0011.00 – 13.0010.00 – 11.008.50mMinimum Required GroundClearance (Subject to localRegulations)

85 ~ 9055 ~ 7045 ~ 5040mRequired Right-of-Way

1,500 ~ 5,000700 ~ 1,500500 ~ 1,000300 -750kmEconomical Transmission Distance of Line

6x / 8x4x / 6x / 8x2x / 3x / 4x / 6x2x / 3x / 4xBundleNo. of Conductors per PoleMonopolar / BipolarMonopolar / BipolarMonopolar / BipolarMonopolar / Bipolar-DC System Configuration

3,000 ~ 7,5001,500 ~ 3,0001,000 ~ 2,000600 ~ 1,000MWSuitable Power Rating± 800 kV± 500 kV± 400 kV± 300 kVUnitDescription

Nominal DC Voltage

12.94(Cap & Pin)

7.33(Composite Longrod)

5.06 (Composite) /6.18 (Porcelain)

4.34 (Porcelain Cap & Pin) / 3.60 (Composite)

mPracticable Length of Suspension Insulator String

Cap & Pin /Porcelain Longrod


Composite

Cap & Pin /Porcelain Longrod /

Composite


Composite

-Typical Insulator Type

39 ~ 9331 ~ 51Lattice Tower: 36 ~ 51 / Monopole: 49.18 ~ 48.18

25 ~ 40mRange of Tower Heights

-Typical Suspension Tower Outline(not to scale)

16.0011.00 – 13.0010.00 – 11.008.50mMinimum Required GroundClearance (Subject to localRegulations)

85 ~ 9055 ~ 7045 ~ 5040mRequired Right-of-Way

1,500 ~ 5,000700 ~ 1,500500 ~ 1,000300 -750kmEconomical Transmission Distance of Line

6x / 8x4x / 6x / 8x2x / 3x / 4x / 6x2x / 3x / 4xBundleNo. of Conductors per PoleMonopolar / BipolarMonopolar / BipolarMonopolar / BipolarMonopolar / Bipolar-DC System Configuration

3,000 ~ 7,5001,500 ~ 3,0001,000 ~ 2,000600 ~ 1,000MWSuitable Power Rating± 800 kV± 500 kV± 400 kV± 300 kVUnitDescription

Nominal DC Voltage



Hydro Plants for: Base Load and Pump Storage

Plus Wind Power

“flexible”

“fuzzy”

Basslink HVDC: remote Infeed of Green Energy

no additional Thermal Plants

Cost Reduction

Benefits of HVDC: Clean Energy CO2 Reduction

17 10-2011 DC Station

Covering Base and Peak-Load Demands


Basslink HVDC: Converter Arial View

2006500 MW

Example of HVDC “Classic”



Basslink HVDC – AC Filters



Basslink HVDC – DC Wall Bushing and DC Reactor



Commercial Operation: 2006

Optimization of the Transmission System

Sea Cable

Underground Cable

Converter Station

500 kV Substation

3.2 km 57.4 km 295 km

Transition Station

6.4 km

Underground Cable

Converter Station

Transition Station

220 kV Substation

1.7 km 2.1 km8.9 km

McGaurans Beach

Five Mile Bluff

Bass Strait

Loy Yang Georgetown

System Data:

Transmission Capacity: 500 / 600 MWDC Voltage: 400 kV

10 hrs Overload


Examples of DC Lines – Basslink 400 kVFrom “Small” to “Large” Line



Basslink 400 kV DC Line: Right-of-Way

For Comparison: 300 kV DC Tower



Welcome great Outdoors !

From DC Line to Cable – Basslink HVDC



HVDC Cable Options

Mass Impregnated Self-Contained Fluid Filled Extruded

Photos: Prysmian Cables and Systems, 2009

MI: Insulated with special Paper, impregnated with High-Viscosity Compound

SCFF: Insulated with special Paper, impregnated with Low-Viscosity Oil Extruded: Insulated with extruded Polyethylene-Based Compound

Voltages up to 600 kV DC

. C

onductors up to2,700 m

m2


. C


m2


. C


m2 (A

l)

– Data: Status 2011 25 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA


DC Cable Laying

Source: Prysmian Cables and Systems, 2008

Joints

Cable Termination

Land Cable:

1 km only !

Sea Cable:

100 km

Maximal Length of the Cable Sections



GURUN HVDC CONVERTER STATION

“Hotel DC”

Adaptation to the localArchitecture 2001

300 MW TNB-EGAT HVDC Interconnection

Source: 10-2011


Ballycronan More

Auchencrosh

Operated by:Moyle Interconnector Ltd., Northern Ireland

System Data:Rating 2 x 250 MWVoltage 250 kV DCThyristor 8 kV LTTCable Length 64 km

Benefits

Sharing ofReserve Capacity

No Increase inShort-Circuit Power

Power Exchangeby Sea Cable

World's first HVDC with LTT and wafer-integrated BOD

The Task: Sea-Cable Transmission

2001

Europe – HVDC Moyle Interconnector


HVDC Moyle Interconnector – An Arial View




New DC Cable Link Neptune RTS, USA



Neptune HVDC – Station Sayreville

2007660 MW




Neptune HVDC – Station Duffy Avenue

‘Snapshots’ from the Inauguration on 10-11-2007



Neptune HVDC – Station Duffy Avenue ‘Snapshots’ from the Inauguration on 10-11-2007



DC Station Neptune – with DC Cable 500 kV

Valve Hall

DC Hall

Transformers

Control Building

AC Filters

AC Switchgear


No Increase inShort-Circuit Power

Europe – The HVDC Portfolio is growing …

Customer:BritNed Developm. Ltd.

System Data:Rating 2 x 500 MWVoltage ± 450 kVThyristor 8 kV LTTCable Length 260 km

2010

Sharing ofReserve Capacity

Power Exchangeby Sea Cable

Customer:Energinet.dk

System Data:Rating 600 MWVoltage 400 kV DCThyristor 8 kV LTTCable Length 56 km

2011BritNed

Storebælt


Storebælt: Station Herslev – DC Yard

2010

600 MW


Storebælt: Station Fraugde – DC Converter



BritNed: Station Maasvlatke – AC Yard

2011

2 x 500 MW



BritNed: Station Maasvlatke – AC Yard



2010

India

East-South Interconnector and Ballia-Bhiwadi

Example of HVDCBallia-Bhiwadi:

Reduction in CO2: 688,000 tons p.a.through 37 % less Transmission Losses at*

2 x 3-ph AC 400 kV

1 x +/- 500 kV

DC versus AC

2,500 MW

2003/20072,000/2,500 MW

… too long for 400 kV AC1,450 km

Sustainability in Transmission – HVDC in India:

* 2,500 MW800 km

Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA


HVDC Ballia-Bhiwadi, India – DC Yard

20102,500 MW



Sustainability in Transmission – HVDC in Europe:

2011

Customer:Red Eléctrica de España

System Data:Rating 2 x 200 MWVoltage ± 250 kV DCThyristor 8 kV LTTCable Length 250 km

COMETA, Spain-Mallorca DC Interconnector

by using Energy-Mix

versus local Supply with a new Oil-fired Power Plant on the Island

from the Mainland –

Reduction in CO2:1.2 m tons p.a. (52 %)


COMETA, Spain-Mallorca DC Interconnector –Indoor AC Yard … and Converter Halls

400 MW2011




COMETA, Spain-Mallorca DC Interconnector –Transformers mounted



Technology Issuesfor UHV DC Transmission

More Powerout of the Grid …

plus CO2 Reduction



Overview of an ± 800 kV DC Transmission System

Line ArrestersVoltage Divider

DC Filters

Smoothing Reactors

Disconnectors & Grounding Switches

DC Wall Bushing

Bypass Switches

+ 400 kV DC

- 800 kV DC

- 400 kV DC

+ 800 kV DC

DC Wall Bushing



Air-Core, Air-cooled Smoothing Reactor and Converter Transformer – The Dimensions are “huge”

Mostly an Issue of Mechanics –

500 kV DC500 kV DC in Pictures in Pictures –– have meanhave mean--while been extended to while been extended to 800 kV DC800 kV DC

but not only …47 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA


UHV DC Reactor – in Test Field

800 kV DC3,125 A75 mH28 tons !

Ø 4.6 m

14.3 m


DC (2 hrs) 1,175 kVAC (1 min) 1,020 kVPR (90/90/45 min) 935 kVSI 1,790 kVLI (FW/CW) 2,080/2,320 kV

48** Transformers – for the Yunnan-Guangdong UHV DC Project

Test Voltages

** plus 8 Spare Units

800 kV HVDC Transformers under Construction250/244 MVA Single-Phase* Transformers

* for Transportation Reasons

Core Design: 3 Limbs & 2 Return LimbsL x W x H: 26 x 6.4 x 15.2 mTotal Weight: 512 tons


“Snapshots” from DC Transformer Testing …

… at Transformer Factory Test Lab –Nuremberg, Germany


Valve Hall Configuration – for UHV DC

400 kV Valve Hall

DC Neutral

400 kV DC

Power Transmission Solutions

400 kV DC

800 kV Valve Hall

to 800 kV DC Line

“Ready for Transmission”10-2011

Each Valve Group can be bypassed … n-1 Criterion

HV 12-Pulse Bridge

LV 12-Pulse Bridge



Testing of UHV DC Bypass Switches …

400 kV DC

800 kV DC

… at Siemens High-Voltage Test Lab Berlin, Germany

9.5 m

6.2 m

Test Set-up


Testing of UHV DC Disconnectors …

800 kV DC


Disconnectors – Data and Dimensions

Rated Voltage: 816 kV DC Operating Voltage: 800 kV DC Withstand Voltage: 1,200 kV DC Switching Impulse Voltage:1,790 kV Lightning Impulse Voltage: 2,205 kV Operating Current: 5,000 A DC Short-Circuit Current: 50 / 20 kA – 1 s Creepage path: 38,746 mm No. of Operating Cycles: 2,000 CO Weight: 6,000 kg

Technical Data

11.4 m

13 m

2 m


Capacitor-controlled Wall Bushing

Special Challenges

Technical Data

Two Resin-Paper Capacitor Windings with a total Weight of 4,000 kg

Design of the Windings and Production with no Shrinkage Holes

Rated Voltage: 816 kV DC Operating Voltage: 800 kV DC AC Test Voltage: 1,100 kV DC Test Voltage: 1,455 kV DC Creepage Path Outdoor: 42,500 mm Creepage Path Indoor: 26,630 mm Rated Current: 3,700 A DC Weight: 5,600 kg

Test Set-up

20.8 m



Testing of UHV DC Bushing, DC Arrestor and Voltage Divider

800 kV DC

9 m

12.8 m

10.6 m



All Tests are completed…

… and the Power is flowing

- 800 kV DC- 800 kV DC

+ 800 kV DC+ 800 kV DC

+ 400 kV DC+ 400 kV DC

- 400 kV DC- 400 kV DC



Yunnan-Guangdong

World’s first 800 kV HVDC – 5,000 MW


plus CO2 Reduction

In China Southern Power Grid58 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA


Single-Line Diagram of Yunnan-Guangdong HVDC System



Yunnan-Guangdong – from ‘3D Models’ …


World’s first 800 kV UHV DC – 5,000 MW

2009/2010

… to Reality: Sending Station Chuxiong

Example of HVDC “Bulk”



Back to Germany: All UHV DC Transformer Tests completed, ready for Shipping to China



“Clearance” underneath Bridges in Germany

… a crucial Issue



Arrived in China, small Roads – Transformers just fitting well, as expected …



Yunnan-Guangdong – UHV DC Valve Hall800 kV DC

DC Side



UHV DC – Sending Station: from indoor to outdoor

800 kV DC

66 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012


Station Chuxiong – Disconnector & DC Filter



Yunnan-Guangdong – 800 kV DC Line



800 kV DC Towers



800 kV DC Overhead Line

Welcome great Outdoors !



For Comparison – UHV AC Transmission Towers

1,000 kV1,000 kV Pilot ProjectPilot Project

Sources:

For Redundancy - 2 Lines:System 1 System 2



Xiangjiaba-ShanghaiWorld’s biggest and longest UHV DC in Operation


plus CO2 Reduction

Fulong Converter Station – HVDC Transformers & Thyristor Valves with new 6-inch Thyristors

In Co-Operation with



Schematic Arrangement of Xiangjiaba-Shanghai Converters



Arrangement of 800 kV Converters for Fulong Station

Double Valve Towers of a Fulong 6-Pulse Bridge at the 800 kV Converter End



Arrangement of 800 kV Converters for Fulong Station

Two HV and two LVValve Towers for Fulong Converter Station during Erection for thedielectric Type Testsin Xihari HV Test Fieldin Xi‘an, China(Arresters not yet connected)



Design of Thyristor Valves for Fulong Station:Latest Development of Power Thyristors: 6“-ETT

DC Current Capability ofmore than 4,500 A Optimum Blocking Voltage

of 8.5 kV Joining of the Silicon Pellet

to a Molybdenum Carrier Diskusing low-Temperature high-Pressure Sintering Excellent thermal Coupling Low thermal Resistance Outstanding Short-Circuit

Current Capability: > 80 kA High Reliability, Failure Rate < 10 fit

6“ high-Power Thyristor – compared with 4“ and 5“ Elements



“Standard”:500 kV DC

New Level:660 kV DC

PDC ≤ 3 GW

The Solution The Solution forfor Bulk Power Bulk Power TransmissionTransmissionup to up to 4 GW4 GW

PDC ≤ 4 GW

Increase in Transmission Capacity – andReduction in Losses

From of UHV DC to EHV DC

10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA


Ningdong-Shandong: World’s first EHV DC at 660 kV

Indoor EHV DC Switchyard



Yinchuan Dong – Sending Station: 660 kV DC Line



High-Voltage Direct Current

HVDCHVDCTypes of

Electrodes



Types of HVDC Electrodes

Sea Electrodes

Shore (Pond) Electrodes

Shore (buried) Electrodes

Ground (Land) Electrodes

Deep Hole Electrodes


Solutions for HVDC Electrodes – Summary


Equipment VSC

3.

Station Layout and



HVDC PLUS with MMC – Basic Scheme

PM 1

PM 2

PM n

PM 1

PM 2

PM n

PM 1

PM 2

PM n

PM 1

PM 2

PM n

PM 1

PM 2

PM n

PM 1

PM 2

PM n

ud

Phase Unit

Vd

IGBT2D2

D1IGBT1

Power Module (PM)

Power Module Electronics (PME)

Converter Arm

Converter Reactors

Converter Module



The Result: MMC – a perfect Voltage Generation

VConv.

- Vd /2

0

+Vd /2

AC and DC Voltages controlled by Converter Arm Voltages:

VAC



HVDC PLUS: Trans Bay Cable Project, USA

Energy Project of the Year – American Society of Civil Engineers, Region 9; Sacramento, 9th March 2011Energy Project of the Year – American Society of Civil Engineers, Region 9; Sacramento, 9th March 2011

P = 400 MWQ = +/- 170-300 MVAr

Elimination of Transmission Bottlenecks

Dynamic Voltage Support



HVDC PLUS: Trans Bay Cable Project, USA


HVDC PLUS – Options for Converter Modules and Building Arrangements

A highly flexible Design



Benefits of HVDC PLUS

HVDC PLUS

HVDC “Classic”

Example 400 MW

Space Saving

89 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012


Example of HVDC PLUS Station: 2 x 100 MW

85 m 96 m

Options:

b) DC B2Ba) DC Cables

(279 feet) (315 feet)



HVDC PLUS Station – Option for 100 MW B2B

Half the Width by vertical Arrangement: 2 Reactors and 2 Converter Modules on Top of each other

(148

feet

)



Layout of a 400 MW Converter Station

Footprint:150 x 110 m (492 x 361 ft)

92


Onshore Station Layout –Example 400 MW, +/- 200 kV

AC Busbars

Converter Transformer3-Phase / ODAN

Converter AC Yard,Insertion ResistorsNeutral Reactors

Converter Hall

DC Chopper

Converter Reactors

DC SwitchyardCable Sealing End

130 m

90 m

Control & ProtectionAuxiliaries, Spares



RES

4.

I ntegrationusing HVDC

of



Green Energy: EU’s Offshore Programme EEPR

Source: EEPR-Meeting 2011-03-15&16, Brussels

350 GW2030: Up to of Wind Power !

CE – Installed Capacity: 631 GW



Integration of large Offshore Wind Farmsinto the Main Grid – the German Prospects

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E T PS S/Re10-2011

VSC HVDC – for Onshore Grid Access & Offshore DC Multiterminal

HVDC Classic – for Load & Generation Reserve Sharing96 Cigré Tutorial 2012


Green Energy needs Grid Enhancement …HVDC – Example of Germany

Strengthening the AC Grid with DC Overlay Grid

Source: DENA Study II Nov. 201097 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA


33 kV AC

132 kV AC

SVC PLUS

≤ 320 kV DC

HVDC PLUS

HVDC PLUS

33 kV AC

132 kV AC33 kV AC

132 kV AC

AC Solution for Grid Access

Solutions for Grid Access: AC and DC –with SVC PLUS and HVDC PLUS

DC Solution forGrid Access


Turnkey Responsibility:First and crucial Steps

Definition of most economic Wind Farm Network and Grid Connection (AC versus DC).

Define Layout and specify Components of the entire Grid Connection.

Load-Flow Studies and Short-Circuit Calculations of the whole System.

Define the System Grounding Concept and perform Insulation Coordination for the entire Grid Connection.

Verification the static and dynamic Performance and Design of Reactive Power Compensation and / or DC System.

Evaluation of System Resonance Behavior driven by the Cables, Transformers, Reactors and Wind Generators.

Prove the Conformity with the GRID CODE.

Design of Protection, Control (SCADA) and Communication System.

System Efficiency: Evaluation of overall losses for various Scenarios.

Evaluation of electro-magnetic Interferences for the Grid Connection.

Optimization of System Reliability and Availability.


Example of System and Design Studies:Dynamic Modeling of a big Number of Wind Generators

Source: EWIS Interim Report June-2008

Grid Code & Power Quality: Fault-Ride Through and Reactive Power Injection Voltage Dip Compensation

System Resonances and

System Interactions



HVDC PLUS and WIPOS®: SylWin1, Germany –World’s first Offshore MMC with 864 MW, BorWin2 and HelWin1&2

WIPOS – Siemens Wind PowerOffshore SubstationSiemens offers a Family of WIPOSDesigns with the Flexibility to meet a Variety of Offshore Weather, Tide, and Seabed Conditions with three main Configurations:WIPOS self-lifting SolutionWIPOS Topside Solution (Topside/Jacket) WIPOS floating Solution

The Modular Multilevel Converter Technology (MMC) reduces Comp-lexity and therefore the Space required for Installation

101

~ == ~ ==~

= =~

= =

SylWin1864 MW

+/- 320 kV 2014

~ == ~ ==

~= =

~= =

BorWin2

2013

800 MW+/- 300 kV

~= =

~= =HelWin1

2013+/- 250 kV576 MW

~ == ~ ==

~= =

~= =

2015

~ == ~ ==

+/- 320 kV690 MWHelWin2



Prospects and Locations of Tennet’s Offshore Projects – one with AC and all others with DC Links

Source:

102 10-2011 DC Station Layout & GA


Source: http://www.tennet.eu/

Prospects and Locations of Tennet’s DC Offshore Projects – Example of



Prospects and Locations of Tennet’s DC Offshore Projects – Example of

Source: http://www.tennet.eu/



Grid Access of Green Energy with HVDC PLUS:WIPOS® – Advanced self-lifting Offshore Platform Layout



HVDC in China: Bulk Power Transmission of “Green Energy”



Super Grid for DESERTEC – with HVDCSource: DESERTEC Foundation

An Initiative of the Club of Rome

Siemens has a commitment in the Desertec Industrial Initiative (DII). The objective of this initiative is to develop over the mid-term a technical and economic concept for solar power from Africa. Work will also focus on the clarification of legal and political issues.



5.

onclusionsThe Position of HVDCin Comparison with AC



Solutions with Overhead Lines

Solutions with DC Cables *

High-Voltage DC Transmission: HVDC “Classic” with 500 kV (HV) / 660 kV (EHV) – 3 to 4 GW

HVDC “Bulk” with 800 kV (UHV) – 5 GW to 7.6 GW

AC Transmission: 400 kV (HV) / 500 kV AC (EHV) – 1.5 / 2 GVA 800 kV AC (EHV) – 3 GVA 1,000 kV AC (UHV) – 6 to 8 GVA

Solutions for Smart & Bulk Power Transmission

* Distances over 80 km: AC Cables too complex

Note: Power AC @ 1 System 3 , Power DC @ Bipole +/-

500 / 600 kV DC – per Cable, Mass Impregnated: 1 GW to 2 GW (actual - prospective)

HVDC PLUS (VSC) ≤ 1,100 MVAFor Comparison:

** Reference: Bowmanville, Canada, 1985 - Siemens*** Reference: Huanghe Laxiwa Hydropower Station,

China, 2009 - CGIT (USA)

400 kV AC (HV) – 1.8 GVA / 2.3 GVA (directly buried / Tunnel or Outdoor) 500 kV AC (EHV) – 2.3 GVA / 2.9 GVA (directly buried / Tunnel or Outdoor) 550 kV AC (EHV) – Substation: Standard 3.8 GVA / Special 7.6 GVA ** 800 kV AC (EHV) – Tunnel: 5.6 GVA ***

Solutions with GIL – Gas Insulated Lines

Option UHV DC 1,100 kV: 10 GW

The Winner is HVDC !



HVDC – High-Voltage DC Transmission: It makes P flow

Three HVDC Options available: PLUS (VSC), “Classic” and “Bulk” With DC, Overhead Line Losses are typically 30-50 % less than with AC

For Cable Transmission (over 80 km), HVDC is the only Solution

HVDC can be integrated into the AC Systems

HVDC supports AC in Terms of Stability

System Interconnection with HVDC and Integration of HVDC:

DC is a “Firewall” against Cascading Disturbances

Bidirectional Control of Power Flow – quite easy

Frequency, Voltage and POD Control available

Staging of the Links – with DC quite easy

No Increase in Short-Circuit Power

DC is a Stability Booster

Summary: Features and Benefits of HVDC


111 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA111 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA

Thank You for Your Attention

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