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FEB 2008 ISSUE

GREEN BTSgives fresh breath

Mobile IP surgesacross Europe

The fourth generation BTSPointing the wind vanes for BTSs

A winning PTN strategy

LTE, are you ready?

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Sponsor:

Editorial Department of

Huawei COMMUNICATE,

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Consultants:

Hu Houkun, Xu Zhijun, Xu Wenwei

Yu Chengdong, Tao Jingwen, Huang Chaowen,

Hou Jinlong, Li Shenzhuo, Yu Xiangping

Editor-in -Chief:

Gao Xianrui ([email protected])

Editors:

Pan Tao, Liu Zhonglin, Xu Peng, Xue Hua

Huang Zhuojian, Chen Yuhong

Zhou Huajiao, Yao Haifei, Zhou Shumin

Contributors:Peng Bo, Luo Gang, Zhang Wenlin

Qiao Xiaoping, Chen Haijun, Qiu Heng

Liu Peng, Chen Wei, Shu Chaohai

Yang Xiaozhong, Qiang Jun, Xiong Lening

He Jie, Hou Yingzhen, Jiang Tao, Han Jiayin

Li Changzhu, Xu Xueming, Wu Shang

Zhu Nianguo, Wang Yudan, Zhao Yuan

Tel: +86 755 28780808Fax: +86 755 28356180

Address: A10, Huawei Industrial Base,

Bantian, Longgang, Shenzhen,

China 518129

E-mail: [email protected]

Publication registration No.:

Yue B No.10148

The information contained in this document is for

reference purpose only, and is subject to change

or withdrawal according to specic customer

requirements and conditions.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All Rights Reserved.

No part of this issue may be reproduced or

transmitted in any form or by any means without

prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

007 witnessed the continuous growth o 3G networks. GSM networks still have

much vitality in the next ive years, and emerging technologies such as WiMAX and

LE have been highlighted in commercial application agendas. Rapid changes in mobile

network modes and upgrades in technologies have raised a challenge to operators: How to

seamlessly integrate various network modes and technologies?

he accelerated growth o mobile broadband video services - coupled with an ever

greater user base and a higher average Minutes o Usage - is mounting increasing pressure

on mobile operators in terms o network expansion and operation. o win out, mobile

operators not only need to control the construction and operation costs in an end-to-end

manner, but also need to take up the social responsibility o environmental protection,

energy savings and emission reductions. Huawei has been ocusing on the pressures and

challenges aced by operators, and has predominated the our technical directions o Green,

Convergence, Evolution and Broadband.Huawei has proposed its Green Site solution that integrates a range o innovative

technologies to reduce the number o cabinets required by traditional BSs rom 10 to 1.

Meanwhile, the BS capacity is increased rom 1 to 36/7 carriers, and the system power

consumption is halved to 800W. Embodying a win-win situation, the solution delivers

both environmental and economic benets or operators.

he need or seamless integration o dierent network modes and technologies has

inspired Huaweis ourth generation BS platorm. Breaking the system barrier, the

integrated platorm supports various network modes such as UMS, CDMA, WCDMA

and LE. Sotware upgrades acilitate changes between dierent modes, and this greatly

simpliies operators cost structures in a way that protects long-term investment by

ensuring smooth uture evolution.

In terms o mobile broadband, Huawei has taken a leading step in IP transormation

research and raised the IP BSS/RAN solution. Tis solution provides an end-to-end IP-

based architecture, including kernels, interaces, and service guarantee mechanisms, which

enables operators to substantially reduce transmission cost, improve QoS, and expand

bandwidth and throughput, thus allowing exible mobile broadband service deployment

and smooth service adaptation.

Now Huawei has become a key strategic partner or mobile operators worldwide.

Successul cooperation with Vodaone Spain sparked Huaweis selection as the supplier

or Vodaones subsidiaries in Greece, Romania and Hungary. eleonica/O deployed

Huaweis dual-mode (G/3G) BSs to optimize its GSM networks in southern Germany,

and was urther awarded its HSPA contracts or Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Chile.

France elecom selected Huawei to construct wireless networks or its operations in

Belgium, Romania, Poland and the Greater Cairo region o Egypts Mobinil. In Australia,

Optus selected Huawei as its sole contractor or the worlds largest UMS 900 network.In India, Reliance partnered with Huawei in building its GSM network o 300 thousand

carriers. In Chicago, Huawei successully deployed Americas rst All-IP CDMA network.

Te new wind vane or the global mobile market has come to ruition. Huawei and its

innovative mobile solutions represented by the ourth generation BS will help operators

stride into the new mobile era.

The wind vane forglobal mobile market

Yu Chengdong

President of Wireless NetworkHuawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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Cover Story

09 Mobile IP surges acrossEurope

What decisions, plans and choices have Vodafone, Orange

and Telecom Italia made with the mobile IP wave surging

across Europe?

By Liu Zhen

Whats inside:

P.17 P.45

Experts Forum

05 WiMAX leads a new wirelessbroadband life

By Li Xiaojuan

02 Telefnica/O2 lower European data

roaming tariffs

03 Huawei launches solution

to cut base station power consumption

Global Digest

01 Vodafone Australia plans national

mobile broadband network

Main Topic

17 The fourth generation BTS

Pointing the wind vanes for BTSsBy Xu Peizhong

19 2G BTS draws on 3G technologiesBy Pang Yingwen

23 Green BTS gives fresh breathBy Wu Wujun

25 What can wideband RFbring for GSM?

By Feng Baoshun

Wideband RF technology had been put into commercial

use in WCDMA and CDMA systems. The application of

this technology to the GSM system will deliver with it a

breakthrough in traditional mobile networks, which will

greatly assist GSM operators to lower TCO and achieve a

low cost for rapid expansion. Moreover, it will offer smooth

future evolution potential.

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P.15 P.2P.46

47 Moving towards multi-systemintegration

By Liu Ping

Leading Edge

50 VoIP over HSPA:running in the fast lane

By Li Xuanbo

Interview

39 The Ferrari of Telecoms: TIracing towards record prosperity

By Wang Yudan

Solution

45 WiMAX maximizes your potentialBy Liu Wang

53 LTE, are you ready?By Xu Yan

35 Seeking for a winning PTN strategyBy Bian Mingang

42 Vitality of mobile broadbandBy John Lee

Media Insight

27 Harvesting in the US, India and China

Huawei makes it large in CDMABy Li Chuantao

Lets COMMUNICATE beyond technology and share understandings of the latest industry trends,

successful operational cases, leading technologies and more. Based on in-depth analysis of the

matters that lie close to your heart, we will help you stay on top in the competitive telecom indus

33 Intelligent heart of mobile InternetBy Chi Zhentao & Zhang Baoguang

How to Operate30 International roaming leads

everywhereBy Xiao Qian

As the demand for lower tariffs for international roaming becomes

more pervasive, major mobile operators are beginning to research

methods globally for providing the lowest international roaming

tariffs, while delivering services that are similar to those of a home

network. This, of course, is under the precondition that operators

business revenue remains ensured.

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GLOBAL DIGEST

FEB 2008 . ISSUE 381

Events

Japan: Softbank and KDDI lead in wireless

subscriber growth

Japans third largest mobile phone

operator, Softbank, led competitors

in terms of subscriber growth in

December 2007, adding 210,800

new subscribers over the course of

the month, and bringing its total

subscriber base to 17.61 million.

Softbank was fo l lowed by

KDDI, which posted net subscriber

additions of 138,600 in December,

2007, for an end-of-year total of

29.19 million subscribers.

Market leader, NTT DoCoMo,

trailed its smaller rivals, adding

ju st 12 1, 50 0 ne w su bs cr iber s,

for a nationwide total of 53.15

million. 27,900 of DoCoMos newsubscribers signed on to the so-

called 2in1 service, which allows

subscribers to have two phone

numbers and email addresses for a

at monthly fee.

Meanwhile, EMOBILE, a newcomer

to Japans wireless market, added

83,600 new subscribers in the final

month of 2007, giving it a subscriber

base of 205,900.

T-Mobile and 3 UK create Britains largest 3G network

3 UK and T-Mobile UK have signed

an agreement to combine their 3G

access networks in a ground-breaking

collaboration that will lead to almost

complete population coverage for

3G services across Britain by the end

of 2008 with significant fill in and

improvement to dense urban in-

building coverage in 2009.

As the world's largest known

active 3G network sharing agreement,

this will significantly increase both

operators' 3G network quality and

coverage, accelerate the provision of

new high-speed mobile broadband

services and deliver substantial cost

savings as well as environmental

benets.

First Wi-Fi / 3G transport network in UK

Strathclyde Partnership for

Transport (SPT) and network operator

Arqiva have announced a ground

breaking deal to provide a combined

cellular and Wi-Fi network across the

15 Glasgow Subway stations.

Under the agreement, Glasgow

will become the rst UK city to provide

passengers with combined 2G and 3G

cellular mobile and Wi-Fi access.

Arqiva Wireless Solutions division

wil l begin deployment of the

network later this month, with initial

testing at Buchanan Street Subway

station.

The new network will enable

Subway customers to access the

Internet and mobile phones at

stations, and provide public access to

Wi-Fi services.

This unique Wi-Fi project is part of

the massive programme of Subway

modernisation and efciencies being

undertaken by SPT, which sees great

potential in using Wi-Fi technology

to migrate some of its existing

applications and services, including

ticketing, onto the network.

Vodafone Australia plans to

complete its hardware and software

vendor selection process early in 2008

and has already commenced work

on its core network in preparation for

the upgrade. Vodafone will maintain

normal mobile network services

during the rollout period.

It said it will continue its 3G

joint-venture with Optus in major

metropolitan areas. However,

Vodafone Australia will undertake

its own upgrade to its 900 MHz and

2100 MHz mobile network in allother parts of the country.

Vodafone Australia plans national

mobile broadband network

Vodafone Australia said it plans to

roll out a national high-speed mobile

broadband network that will provide

coverage to 95% of Australia's

population by the end of 2008.

In a statement , Vodafone

Australia said it plans a significant

mo b i l e b ro a dba nd ne t wo rk

expansion and upgrade to provide

high-speed packet access, or HSPA,

to customers, enabling faster

download and upload speeds.

The upgrade will also improve

network coverage and capacity forstandard 2G and 3G voice calls, it said.

AT&T launches 3G mobile broadband in Baltimore

AT&T announced that it had

expanded its 3G mobile broadbandnetwork throughout Baltimore and

the surrounding suburbs, thanks

to technology upgrades at 250

cell sites in the area.Customers from

Philadelphia to Northern Virginia now

have the option to access the Internetover AT&Ts 3G wireless data network,

which acts as a gateway to a variety of

feature rich web content, including

streaming video and music downloads.

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Data

210 million

The Chinese government said its

Internet population has soared to 210million people, putting it on track to

surpass the US online community this

year to become the world's largest.

The off icial China Internet

Network Information Center, also

known as CNNIC, said the online

population grew 53%, from 137

million reported at the same time last

year. According to the government's

Xinhua News Agency, China is only5 million behind the US, a figure

consistent with some American

estimates.

China still lags the US in many

respects, however. Xinhua placed

China's online penetration rate at

16%, the point Americans were at in

the mid-1990s.

80.74 million

By the end of 3Q2007, 80.74

million of China Mobile's customers

were using MMS, according to the

operator. This represented an increase

of 16.8% from 2Q2007 and brought

the share of its customers using

MMS to 23%, according to Informa

Telecoms & Media.

To ta l MMS sent by Ch ina

Mobile's customers in the rst three

quarters in 2007 amounted to 9

billion messages. In 3Q2007 alone,

approximately 18 billion MMS were

sent in the Asia-Pacific region as

a whole, according to Informa's

World Cellular Data Metrics. Value-

added services, such as MMS, ring-

back tones and WAP continue to be

the main drivers of China Mobile's

revenue growth.

6 billion

Vodafone has announced plans

to spend USD2 billion a year over thenext three years expanding its Indian

network coverage and improving

service quality. The company would

be launching a range of new services,

but did not elaborate on what and

when.

Speaking during a visit by the UK

Prime Minister to India, Vodafone's

CEO Arun Sarin said "We shall be

investing USD2 billion annually for

the next three years on our Indian

operations... We have set a target ofreaching 100 million subscriber base

from the current level of 40 million."

He also ruled out any talk of an

IPO for the Indian company in the

short term saying that he wanted

to build up the company operations

before any possibilities would be

explored in that direction. The funding

for the USD6 billion of expenditure

would come from company resources.

80%

In 3Q2007, 80% of mobilehandset models on sale in Japan were

WCDMA models. The remainder were

mostly CDMA models (18%) sold by

the country's second largest operator

KDDI, while just 2% of models on sale

were PDC handsets.

The share of WCDMA handset

models on sale has increased70% year-on-year from 47% of

the models on sale in 3Q2006, as

Softbank has strongly expanded its

WCDMA portfolio and market-leader

NTT DoCoMo has also continued to

promote the technology under its

FOMA brand.

Polish telecom incumbent begins testing FTTH

broadband technology

Polands incumbent telephone

provider, Telekomunikacja Polska SA,

is ready to start testing its fiber-to-

the-home broadband technology,

after rolling it out to all residents of a

new apartment building in the Wola

district of Warsaw.

All of the 265 apartments are

eligible to participate in the pilot,

which will last until the end of

November. Residents will be able

to browse the Internet at speeds of

up to 50Mbps through a Livebox

FTTH modem, as well as access on-

demand television, video rental,

and Internet telephony services, at

a cost of just PLN49 (USD20) per

month.

Telefnica/O2 lower European data roaming tariffs

Telefnica has announced cuts in

its data roaming tariffs of up to 40%

within Europe. The company says that

consumers in Spain, UK, Germany,

Czech Republic and Ireland will

benet from cuts of more than 40%

in data roaming prices, while the cost

of sending a text message home from

anywhere in the European Union

falls to a maximum of EUR0.32+

taxes. For business travelers, a new

roaming bundle provides worldwide

access to data at a price equivalent

to EUR1 per megabyte (MB) - subjectto a minimum spend of EUR50 per

month.

O2 businesses and Movistar in

Spain will implement a range of

new data roaming tariffs aimed at

consumers traveling within Europe

ahead of this year's summer holiday

season in July. These will include both

significant reductions in the per-MB

price and the introduction of time-

based charging principles, such as daily

rates. The resultant savings for

customers will be anything

between 42% and 80% over

November 2007 prices.

Recognising the ever-

increasing popularity of

text messaging as a way of

staying in touch, both prepaid

and postpaid consumers will,

starting from early February, pay no

more than EUR0.32 to send an SMS

from any EU country - representing

a reduction of up to 49% on current

prices. The new rate will apply to

all customers by April. It will cost

nothing to receive a text.

Telefnica also intends to increase

the transparency of data roaming

prices and reduce the possibility of

bill shock by combining its simple

tariff schemes with a range of usage

monitoring tools. From March 2008,

mobile laptop users will be able tomonitor their data usage in real time

via their Connection Manager

so f tware , wh i l e a l l roaming

customers will automatically receive

a text message containing SMS, data

and voice pricing information.

In addition, O2 and Movistar

customers will not incur penalties if

their phone selects a non-preferred

network - removing any potential

concerns about hidden charges.

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GLOBAL DIGEST


Huawei News

Huawei launches solution to help operators cut base

station power consumption

China, 18 January 2008Huawei has launched a new

solution that can reduce base

station power consumption by up

to 60%. The Green Sites Solution,

uses optimized hardware design,

an innovative power amplifier and

power consumption management to

help operators realize a high level of

power saving.

Reducing the power consumption

of base stations has emerged as

one of the key concerns of telecomoperators around the globe.

Huawei's Green Sites Solution adopts

leading power amplier technologies,

including DPD and A-Doherty, that

boost the power efficiency of base

stations by 45%, reducing the overall

power consumption of the facilities.

It also uses a distributed architecture

that allows 20W base stations to have

the same output frequency coverage

as traditional 40W base stationsand high-efficiency power amplifier

technologies that make convection

cooling, direct cooling, and intelligent

cooling technology in a base station

possible. This reduces the need for

air-conditioners that cause noise

pollution and helps to reduce a base

station's electricity consumption to

less than 500W. Huawei's Green Sites

Solution is also able to be integrated

with environmentally friendly energy

sources such as wind, solar power,and methane.

"Huawe i has a lways been

committed to looking after the

environment," commented Mr Yu

Chengdong, president of Huawei's

Wireless Product Line. "As one of

the leading telecom equipment and

solutions providers, we are putting

this goal into practice by designing

environmental friendly products."

Vodafone UK partners with Huawei to launch their smallest HSUPA USB Stick

Newbury, 11 January 2008

Vodafone UK and Huawei have

launched the next generation of

USB device, the Vodafone Mobile

Broadband USB Modem Stick or

E172. Boasting High Speed Uplink

Packet Access (HSUPA) technologies

and innovative design, it wil l

be available to Vodafone UK's

customers from today.

The E172 ena b l e s up l i n k

speeds o f up to 2Mbps and

download rates of 7.2 Mbps. Within

Vodafone's HSPA network, thedevice will facilitate fast Internet

browsing, instant access and the

uninterrupted ability both to upload

and download data. Combining

cutting edge technologies with

sleek design, Vodafone's customers

can look forward to enjoying high-

speed wireless access, both at

home and on the go. The plug-

and-play featured devices are

compatible with Windows (Vista

and XP) and Mac OSX, whether run

on a PC, laptop or handheld device.

The Vodafone E172 is the

world's slimmest and smallest

HSUPA USB stick, and was designed

with the elegance of a sleek white

piano in mind. Highly portable, is

perfect for mobile users, and built-

in features ensure that the USB'scap cannot be dropped or lost.

"For personal use or remote

working, customers buy Vodafone

fo r p red ic tab i l i t y, unr i va l l ed

speeds, reliability and ease of

use. Our customers are seeing

real benets from the ease of use

offered by our USB plug and go

device, coupled with our increased

network speeds. As a result, they

have increased their usage six-

fold as they use the service to

work more productively or surf

the Internet", commented Kyle

Whitehill, Vodafone UK, Enterprise

Director. "Vodafone was the first

to improve download speeds with

HSDPA (High Speed Downlink

Packet Access), the rst to increase

upload speeds with HSUPA, andnow we're pushing the boundaries

of usability even further with a

groundbreaking compact design."

"We are looking forward to

launching the E172 in collaboration

with Vodafone and are confident

that customers will be delighted

with the mobile lifestyle they will

enable," said Steven Lau, director

of Huawei European Terminal

Department. "Consumers expect

mo b i l e s e r v i c e p ro v i de r s t o

demonstrate constant innovation

and Huawei is very pleased to be

working with Vodafone to fulfill

these expectations."

Huawei attains No.1 position in global IP DSLAM market

Shenzhen, China, 14 January

2008 Huawei announced thataccording to a report published in the

third quarter of 2007 by the leading

industry consulting firm Gartner, that

it is currently in the NO. 1 position in

the global IP DSLAM Market, with a

market share of 31.5%, and that its

DSL market share is continuing to rise.

According to a Gartner, report,

published on 18 December 2007,

entitled "Market Share: DSLAM

Equipment, Worldwide, 3Q2007" by

Gauri Pavate, IP DSLAMport shipments are

rapidly increasing and

in 3Q2007, accounted

fo r 77 .3% of a l l

DSLAM shipments.

Huawei holds the No.1

position in the global

IP DSLAM market

and has increased

its market share in

Europe and the Middle East and Africa

(EMEA). By the end of the third quarterof 2007, Huawei had shipped more

than 70 million DSL ports to more than

90 countries including the UK, France,

Germany, Singapore, Thailand, Brazil,

South Africa and China.

Huawei IP DSLAM is fully compliant

with the TR-101 standard and enables

carriers to provide excellent broadband

networks with its powerful bandwidth

handling capabilities and abundant

service features.

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TransTelecom selects Huawei to deploy commercial WiMAX network in Europe

Sofia, Bulgaria, 3 January

2008 Huawei has been selected by

TransTelecom, a telecom operator

in Bulgaria, to deploy a commercial

WiMAX network, covering central

business districts and hot spots in the

country's major cities, including its

capital, Sofia, and Varna, Bulgaria's

largest harbor city. According to thecontract, Huawei will supply an end-

to-end WiMAX solution working

on 3 .5GHz f requency band,

including terminals, as well as a

major upgrade of the TransTelecom

central exchange equipment for the

operation of a fully mobile WiMAX

network in 2008.

In 2006, TransTelecom deployed a

16d-based WiMAX network to meet

the country's increasing broadband

needs, and the operator has chosen

Huawei to deliver an upgraded

16e-based network. Huawei's

16e-based WiMAX solution integrates

the most advanced technologies such

as multiple-input multiple-output

(MIMO) and orthogonal frequency

division multiple access (OFDMA),which features high bandwidth,

wide area coverage, large capacity,

as well as providing better mobility.

Huawei 's new base stat ions,

enable TransTelecom to quickly roll

out innovative new services to its

customers, while reducing Total Cost

of Ownership (TCO).

"We are delighted to choose Huawei

as our WiMAX equipment supplier,"

said Mr John Munnery, Chairman of

TransTelecom. "Extensive tests of this

new technology have surpassed all our

expectations. In particular, we witnessed

Huawei demonstrate one of the first

handovers of traffic from one base

station to another in Europe. Huawei

has exhibited total commitment to

the project throughout our selection

process, and has proven them to be

one of the leaders in this fast-developing

technology. What's more, we are also

impressed with Huawei's localized

engineering and delivery capability."

Huawei to deploy first commercial mobile WiMAX

network in Central Asia

Dushanbe, Tajikistan, 25

December 2007 Huawei has been

selected by Babilon-T, the largest

telecommunication operator in

Tajikistan, to deploy the Central Asia's

rst WiMAX commercial network.

Under the terms of agreement,

Huawei will provide an end-to-end

mobile WiMAX network, including

distributed base station, Wireless

Access Service Node-Gateway,

Network Management Equipment

and Terminals.The network will cover the four

major areas of Tajikistan, including

its capital Dushanbe. Rollout will

start immediately and is expected

to launch during the rst quarter of

2008.

To meet the increasing demand

f o r b r o a d b a n d , a n d t a k i n g

into account the mountainous

terrain in Tajikistan, Babilon-T is

adopting WiMAX technology to

enable its subscribers to realize

wireless broadband access. Upon

completion of the network Babilon-

T's subscribers will be able to enjoy

high-speed Internet access, watch

mobile TV, use VoIP at home, in the

company, or even on the street by

using Customer Premise Equipment

(CPE) or a PC card provided by

Huawei.

"Babilon-T is looking forward

to implement wireless broadband

access infrastructure nationally,"said Fayzullaev B, General Director

of Babilon-T. "By introducing mobile

WiMAX technology, we will be able

to provide our customers all over

Tajikistan with broadband access to

the Internet."

"This new technology wi l l

undoubtedly bring new market

opportuni t ies for Babi lon-T,"

commented Mr Wang Kexiang,

President of Huawei CIS Region.

Huawei showcases innovative mobile solutions

at Mobility World Congress

Hong Kong, 14 December

2007 Huawei showcased i t s

innovative wireless solutions at

the "Mobility World Congress" in

Hong Kong from 3 to 7 December

2007. As senior sponsor of the

congress, he ld by the CDMA

Development Group (CDG) and

other industry organizations Huawei

reinforced its leadership in taking

mobile networks to IP through

CDMA2000, WiMAX, UMTS/HSPA,

GSM demonstrations.Huawei used the Mobi l i ty

World Congress to exhibit its

mobile solutions with integrated

4G mobile technologies and green

energy sources such as solar/wind/

firedamp energy that can help

operators reduce their equipment

consumpt ion and reduce the

discharge of carbon dioxide.

Huawei also showcased its FMC

technologies such as its IP-based

CDMA solutions which adopt next

generation con-platform and multi-

mode integration solutions that

provide operators with the means to

implement ultra-mobile broadband

networks while reducing their costs.

"Broadband mobile networks

of the future ought to be based

on IP in order to simplify networks

and enhance their capabilities in

terms of transmission, diversified

service expansion, and intelligent

maintenance," sa id Mr ZhaoMing, vice president of Huawei

Wireless marketing dept. during the

congress. "The major factors driving

mobile networks towards IP derive

from the need for operators to

reduce their TCO, the abundance

of IP-based convergent commercial

appl icat ions, and the smooth

future evolution into LTE/UMB. All

of Huawei's IP-based solutions will

help operators grow in the IP era."

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EXPERTS FORUM


WiMAX leads a new wireless broadband life

WiMAXleads a new

broadband life

wirelessBy Li Xiaojuan

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Huawei Technologies

FEB 2008 . ISSUE 38 6

The 3rd Global WiMAX Summit authorized by the WiMAX Forum was successfully held in Beijing,

in September 2007. In attendance were a range of high level industry experts from carriers,

vendors, government ofcials, and research institutes. Discussion focused on the global WiMAX

deployment and its convergence with 3G, and the search for methods of combining industry chain

strengths to effectively guarantee the global popularization of WiMAX.

s we know, WiMAX possesses

unique superiority in a range oways such as remote transmission,high-speed broadband access

and multimedia communication. WiMAXhas entered the application phase, and hasalready been successully commercialized bysome mainstream operators. In China, 3Gis drawing nearer, and the mass testing anddeployment o WiMAX has gradually begun.

At the 3rd Global WiMAX Summit,three experts: Mo Shakouri (Vice Presidento the global WiMAX Forum), Hyun-PyoKim (Director o the WiMAX Unit, K) andCai Liqun (Ex-President o Huawei WiMAXProduct Line, is now in charge o Core NetworkProduct Line o Huawei echnologies Co., Ltd.)oered their views.

WiMAX looking ahead toprosperity

Mo Shakouri: he outcome o ourresearch in the U.S. indicates that wirelessbroadband will emerge as consumers

largest communications expenditure,and this relects a considerable shitnecessitating much investment. heWiMAX industry o ers s igni icantopportunities as current technology andnetworks have not yet been ully applied.We kn ow th at in so me eme rg in g an ddeveloped countries broadband orms aprecursor or increased GDP, economicactivity and social value - this is whyWiMAX possesses such enormous globaldevelopment potential.

ACai Liqun:WiMAX has already entered

a critical phase. In addition to traditionaloperators, there are many new operatorsocusing on WiMAX, such as ISPs. hisully relects the industrys expectationregarding All-IP based mobile broadbandapplications. Currently, most operatorsselect wireless access to underpin WiMAXbreakthrough, and our mission is to helpthem meet existing market demands orwireless broadband access so as to realizethe WiMAX global strategy, accelerate theindustrys development, and lay a solidoundation or uture mobile WiMAXdevelopment.

Mo Shakouri: WiMAX is a supplemen-tary rather than competitive technology.hough it diers rom the Internet interms o its business model, WiMAX isrich in value. It can meet users demandsor wireless broadband technology, andthe number o users is certain to grow ata rapid rate. his achievement has arisenthrough unstinting eorts made over thepast 5 years.

At present, many operators are investing

heavily and orienting themselves to theuture, and this trend is anticipated inthe WiMAX industry. New capabilitiesand unctions are being added to cellularnetworks, one o which is WiMAX, notleast because o its extra broadband andInternet-based capabilities. We thereorebelieve that both cellular networks andWiMAX wi l l grow rap idly over thelong term to reach maturity. O course,compared with cellular networks, WiMAXis still in its inancy.

Over the next 5 years, however, WiMAX

wireless Internet technology is set to takeits seat as a signiicant contributor toglobal broadband interconnection. Werecommitted to assist operators ully utilizeWiMAX to increase prot streams, whileallowing users better broadband andcontent access. Users who demand morebandwidth are not just concerned withbandwidth itsel, but with the derivedsubsequent content.

Win-win industrial chain

cooperation

Hyun-Pyo Kim: K Wibro has enjoyedconsiderable success in terms o WiMAXoperations. Our rst advantage is that wehave a range o equipment available orend users, including terminals. Secondly,weve priced our products at an aordablelevel, or example, the promotional priceset or 1G capacity is only USD10. Tirdly,we oer the best quality - compared withexisting 3G networks, mobile WiMAX

oers the highest uplink and downlinkspeeds. In addition, we beneit roman open IP-based platorm to supportconverged services, Internet access, andmobile riple-play services.

Ater receiving our WiMAX license inJanuary 005, we began deploying thenetwork in some areas beore embarkingon wide urban coverage including 17universities, the suburban campuses orwh ic h were jo ined unde r th e sc he me .his was complemented by large-scale

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EXPERTS FORUM


promotional and marketing activitiesprior to its real commercialization inApril 007. Since then weve completedimplementation, our network continues togrow, and will soon be supported by theperormance enhancing MIMO.

Cai Liqun: o equipment vendors,

helping operators achieve ast and low-cost WiMAX networking is an importantactor that requires consideration. Weknow a common problem that operatorsace is website acquisition and, in viewo WiMAXs high bandwidth and bandutilization, operators are mostly concernedwith issues such as identiying ways oreducing the number o WiMAX websitesand how to utilize existing G & 3Gresources eectively to minimize auxiliaryinvestment. he WiMAX standard isdeveloping and progressing at a steady

rate, which requires us to provide a cost-eective platorm o products capableo supporting a smooth evolution thatprotects operators current investments.

Dr. Mo Shakouri: Board Director and Vice President of Marketing with the WiMAX Forum. He has 22 years of

experience in wireless system, microwave and ber optic networks. In addition to his position with the WiMAX

Forum, Shakouri is on the board of directors for the Wireless Communications Association and was IEEE MTT-SVC

2004 chairman.

EXPERTSFORUM

Te convergent solution is a key concernor both mobile and ixed operators.

Integrating WiMAX with existing NGNand ADSL networks must be realizedto oer a wired and wireless convergentnetwork solution, so as to lay a solid

oundation or the uture strategy oFMC deployment. Achieving this goalis primarily a concern or ixed networkoperators. Mobile operators, on theother hand, are mostly concerned withgiving end users low-cost multimediaservice experiences anywhere, anytime

by combining WiMAX with G & 3Gnetworks to maximize the interworking otheir respective advantages. Tereore, ourconvergent solution must aim at providinga unied service experience or end usersthrough uniied services and platorms,uniied core networks, uniied billingsystems and authentication managementorganization - this would maximally reducecosts or existing operators in a mannerthat adheres to business convergence.

MoShakouri: A crucial issue regardingWiMAX is the authenticat ion o i ts

standard. Te rst authentication laboratorywas set up in Spain in August 005 andthe second in South Korea. Were alsoestablishing laboratories successively in the

The most essential

factor for deciding the

maturity of the WiMAX

industry and its futuregrowth pace should be

its required large scale,

diversication, and low

cost terminals.

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US, mainland China, and aiwan, and were planninga laboratory or Japan. So ar, some o the productshave already passed authentication, and notebookcomputer will do so soon. Much more equipmentwill be authenticated in the year 009. In WiMAXauthentication, equipment represents the ripest portionamong all, and surely is a most important portion.

CaiLiqun:Te most essential actor or decidingthe maturity o the WiMAX industry and its uturegrowth pace should be its required large scale,diversication, and low cost terminals. Te demandso dierent operators vary depending on the stage oWiMAX development and, since our applicationsmainly rely on ixed and nomadic equipment,the requirements or CPE and PC cards presentlydominate. However, mobile WiMAX developmentwill see mobile and multi-mode terminals integrateWiMAX with existing G & 3G networks, and thesewill inherit the mainstream position. In the uture,WiMAX, I and electronic product convergence

will bring greater convenience and enjoyment orusers. O course, such preconditions must occur on asuitably wide scale and be underpinned by low cost,diversied terminals and cutting-edge chipsets.

Hyun-Pyo Kim: here are various terminaldevices that people currently use based on speciicmarket demands, but multi-mode equipment is setto dominate the market. Some products are alreadyavailable such as typical mobile devices includingPortable Media Player (PMP) with embedded portablePC. Additionally, other electronic equipment such as

some digital cameras already integrates WiMAX.

Latest progress across theglobe

Mo Shakouri: Global WiMAX developmentpresents a gratiying situation. First i we considerspectrum eatures, the main WiMAX spectrumallocations include .3-.7GHz and 3.5GHz. heWiMAX network spectrum already covers .7 billionpeople, which is hugely exciting. We must strive toobtain more bandwidth as in some areas operators

still share a bandwidth o only 10MB. We hope tohelp them increase bandwidth and thus acceleratebusiness growth by establishing a viable WiMAXmechanism with an enormous customer base. Tiswill acilitate the efcient operation o the WiMAXvalue chain.

It is well known that Sprint-Nextel has developedmany exemplary services and K provides anothermodel example, having deployed WiMAX, andcovering ,500,000 users. his is only the start asWiMAX is being currently developed in a host ocountries including Pakistan, Chile, Russia and Brazil.

Cai Liqun: Since 006, Huawei has beenstrengthening WiMAX expansion in the contexto a global market platorm. So ar weve alreadycommunicated with over 100 operators across theglobe to discuss the progress regarding the WiMAXstandard, as well as the technology, constructionand operations. Weve already established 30 triallaboratories in the Asia-Paciic, the Middle-East,North-Arica, Europe, Russia, the US, and LatinAmerica, and were currently constructing 8 WiMAXcommercial systems.

Editor: Zhou Huajiao [email protected]

Hyun-Pyo Kim: Director of Technology Cooperation Division at WiBro (Mobile WiMAX) Business Unit in KT

Corporation. His major responsibilities include WiBro standardization in TTA, IEEE and WiMAX Forum and related

technology cooperation activities in WiMAX area. Currently he is a board member of the WiMAX Forum.

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Mobile IP

COVER STORYMobile IP surges across Europe

surges across Europe

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Huawei Technologies

The new telecom era has unleashed a tide of IP that is advancing across the world through

mobile networks. Numerous operators have already started implementing their IP-basednetwork strategies as part of the inevitable trend. Europe represents a region replete with both

GSM and WCDMA technologies. It boasts the worlds most developed mobile communications

market with a handset penetration rate approaching 110%, and is home to many leading

operators including Vodafone, Orange, and Telecom Italia. What decisions, plans and choices

have these operators made with the mobile IP wave surging across Europe?By Liu Zhen

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Mobile network IP transformation describes ana decrease in TCO and the construction of E2E

improvements, future-oriented long-term investment

challenges has galvanized Vodafone to orient its

Mobile IP surges across Europe

D

Vodafone extends its leadership

ata services are orming a greater proportiono operators overall income in the rapidlyexpanding mobile communicationsmarket. However, demands on mobile

networks are increasingly stringent due to the evolvingdiversity and complexity that characterizes services suchas mobile video, voice, music, broadband Internet,video conerencing and interactive gaming. Operatorsmust eectively respond to a range o key issues thatinclude identiying how to successully decrease networkconstruction costs and deployment times while increasingrevenue and enhancing network perormance.

Richard Deasington, Director o the UKconsultancy Network Eect, agrees that as mobileoperators mature as enterprises, serving highlypenetrated markets, they also become more concernedthan they used to be with inding ways to reducecosts. Mobile operators (in Western

E u r o p e )are out ostart-upmodeand

into the business-as-usual phase. Tey need to showinvestors ongoing prot growth. o do that, they needto chip away at the cost side o the equation. Anothertrend pushing them in that direction is the act thattaris are alling, too, he says.

Mobile network IP transormation describes anextremely complex and systematic project that notonly demands a decrease in otal Cost o Ownership(CO) and the construction o end-to-end IPcapabilities, but also ocuses on service innovations,Quality o Service (QoS) improvements, uture-oriented long-term investment protection andcohesive development. Te context o these challengeshas galvanized Vodaone, Orange and elecom Italiato orient their practices to promote IP transormationin world mobile networks.

As one o the worlds largest operators, Vodaone is bombarded with competit ion.Crucial measures to guarantee its continued leading position and market expansion

are OPEX reductions coupled with a boost in network perormance. According toan ofcer o Vodaone, An operator must look at the total cost o ownership. At a

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extremely complex and systematic project that demandsIP capabilities, and focuses on service innovations, QoS

protection and cohesive development. The context of these

practice to promote IP transformation.

and site numbers are reduced, great savings are madein network construction costs.

Previously each base station used huge amounts opower to support uninterrupted 4-hour operations,and air conditioners were essential to lower equipmentheat. Its mega-money, says Richard Deasington,reerring to the enormous potential or savings thatmany operators have not yet ully grasped. heHuawei node eliminates the need or air conditionersby supporting natural heat dissipation, and its powerampliication technology can utilize green energyorms such as wind, solar and marsh gas. Each Node Bcan reduce power consumption to below 500W andCO2 output by 60%.

Statistics demonstrate that since Vodaone Spainemployed Huaweis Node Bs to deploy its High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) network, 30% lessinvestment was required to acilitate a much more

environmentally riendly network. he Vodaoneoicer mentioned above is quick to point out thescale o the inancial and environmental impact inthe context o thousands o Node Bs. Moreover,Richard Deasington observes that operators can adoptother measures to realize urther savings, not least owhich is wise vendor selection. He estimates that theoperational technology dierence between vendorsculminates in a cost discrepancy reaching tens omillions o euros, which is exactly why Huaweiproved the right choice or Vodaone.

Lighting up El Gordo

On December 007, the Spanish Christmaslottery El Gordo (Te Fat One in English), was asusual announced on schedule in Spain. As usual,Lucy was enjoying a Swiss Christmas vacation withher husband on December. Vacationers like Lucyhave become used to browsing Internet news or thenumbers, unable to enjoy real-time anticipation,

rough calculation, only 30% o the total cost oownership is directly related to product cost, theremaining 70% has to do with product eiciency,such as cost o installation, maintenance, operationsand transmission. Its all about working jointly withthe vendor to ind more eicient ways to run thenetwork.

Vodafone Spain shining withinnovations

Vodaones headquarters o Wireless is situated inSpain, and Vodaone Spain epitomizes the vitalityand key characteristics o Vodaones success. Asone o the groups most outstanding and importantsubnets, it supports 1. million 3G subscribers andoccupies 65.33% o the Spanish WCDMA market.

Maintaining this market lead is dependent uponguaranteed network perormance and a constantservice innovation platorm that generates sufcientprot levels.

Distributed Node B climbs up towerseasily

European network construction engenderstwo major concerns or operators: environmentalprotection and CO reductions. Vodaone Groupis o course no exception, and in response to bothconcerns, Vodaone Spain has adopted Huaweis

small and lightweight next-generation DistributedNode Bs or its 3G network.

hese smart nodes possess several advantages.Ropes rather than cranes are suicient to load aremote radio unit (RRU) onto a tower, and theRRUs location near the antenna allows optical berconnections with the baseband unit (BBU). Witheeder loss is decreased, coverage is greatly enhanced,

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Even i I dont win, its still a realdisappointment not being able to enjoythe live experience on V.

Developing rom a small sweepstakein southern Spain dating back 00 years,it was gradually popularized to the rest othe country and now orms a Christmastradition worth USD1.7 billion. Due toits attractive probability, over 70% o thenations 40 million population buy tickets- which are also available in the U.K. - andpin their hopes on the all o El Gordos150 year-old lottery balls.

he draw, which lasts 3 hours andorms a prime slot on national V towhich most Spaniards tune in, has nothistorically been broadcast on mobile Vdue to poor network conditions. However,

007 marked the irst year when peoplelike Lucy joined in with the Spanishestivities in real time.

A te r se le ct ing Huawei or ho li st icnetwork construction in June 006,Vo d a o n e S p a i n r e c o r d e d a 3 0 %improvement in network perormancesubsequent to scheme completion, andthis laid a platorm or quick mobileV service deployment. Providing 10digital channels or Vodaone Lives 3Gsubscribers including El Gordo, travelersno longer have any problems accessing the

Spanish shows that are important to them.

Winning in HSDPAbenchmarking test

In May 007, Vodaone Spain conducteda test to compare its high speed downlinkpacket access (HSDPA) benchmark with

those o other operators. he test resultillustrated that the HSDPA throughputenabled by Vodaone Spain in its 9coverage areas was unsatised - in these areasVodaone had adopted other vendors wirelessequipment to achieve network coverage.

Shocked by the result, Vodaone Spainstechnical sta anxiously consulted Huawei,and the two partners selected eight hotspotareas in Madrid to be covered by Huaweiswireless network. he new network wasthen put to the same HSDPA test as beore,and then optimized. he results exhibitedan HSDPA with ar greater stability andwith a throughput that exceeded otheroperators by over 30% on average.Furthermore, ater optimization, single-site HSDPA throughput was signiicantly

improved. In the HSDPA benchmarkingtest that ollowed, Huawei received highrecognition rom Vodaone Spain.

Vodafone Iceland covering120km of seas

Located near the Arctic Circle, Icelandsits on the westernmost tip o Europe inthe middle o the North Atlantic. Beingthe second largest European island, Icelandhas a 4,970km coast line and an economy

that is underpinned by ishing. henumerous o boats leaving shore each daynecessitates high-level sea-based as well asland-based network coverage.

Jack re pre se nts a ty pica l Ic elan dicsherman who attaches great importance tohigh-quality oshore communications. Inthe past, these were inadequate, and while at


Download Upload

Total data transferred 148.90MB 8.29MB

Max. transfer rate 4.65MB/s 0.42MB/s

Average transfer rate 1.74MB/s 0.10MB/s

Table 1 Vodafones UMTS/HSPA network

Download Upload

Total data transferred 148.90MB 8.29MB

Max. transfer rate 2.06MB/s 0.25MB/s

Average transfer rate 266.6KB/s 24.4KB/s

Table 2 Other operators UMTS/HSPA networks

sea, Jack and his ellow shermen requentlylost contact with the people onshore. Seekinghelp was impossible i we were caught in astorm, recalls Jack, whose amily could donothing but worry or his saety during hisdays and nights at sea.

Responding to Ice land s spec ia llandorm, Huawei proposed a solution thatsought to perect oshore communicationsand enhance 10km o sea coverage. InMay 007, Huawei began reconstructingVodaone Icel ands GSM ne twork. Byusing the dual-timeslot extended cellscheme and eectively combining its powerenhancement, transmission diversity, and4-way receiver diversity unctions, thesystem has achieved downlink gains andhigher receiver sensitivity. As a result,

the receiver unction is now directionallybalanced or both uplinks and downlinks.Whats more, Huawei took advantage othe nations unique landorm or highterrain sites and mounted antennas atsuitable points to expand sea coverage.Consequently, system coverage radius wasincreased by 0% and the total coveragearea by at least 40%. Te number o siteswas proportionally reduced by 30%, whichboth curtailed investment and acilitatedgreater environmental protection.

Since the projects inception, the key

perormance indexes (KPIs) o VodaoneIcelands network have all improvedconsiderably. Network quality, subscriberexperience, customer satisaction andoshore traic have all been greatlyenhanced, ensuring that Jack and his ellowisherman can beneit rom the greatersaety that eective communications deliver.

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Orange opens up the Belgian Grand Prix

In addition to other regions, Orangeoperates in European countries andserves nearly 85 million mobile subscribers.Regarded as the most capable Europeanoperator in R&D terms, the company boasts16 research institutes around the globe.Positioned as a leading European mobileoperator, Orange has remained dedicatedto developing new services and solutionsto perpetuate its stature across the industry.Te company has also been searching or a

long-term strategic partner to help reduce itsCO and increase its operational revenue,and a strategic choice came to ruition withthe Belgian Grand Prix.

Sharing excitement on theSpa-Francorchamps circuit

GO, GO, GO KIMI! On September16, 007, the Belgian Formula 1 GrandPrix began in Spa-Francochamps amidst aurry o deaening screams and shouts and

a sea o mobile phone activity as countlessans made video calls to share theirexcitement, while reporters rom all overthe world took ull advantage o the HSPAnetwork to cover the race.

Te Spa-Francochamps circuit is locatedin the center o Belgium and has been thevenue or the Belgian Grand Prix since1985. he 6.973-kilometer circuit is thesports longest, and is generally regarded asthe leading world venue and home to the

best races. racing the uneven contours oa hill, the circuit is considered to be one othe most challenging Grand Prix circuits,the downhill run providing an especiallybreathtaking stretch. he rugged terrainhas always hindered network coverageand high-speed mobile data serviceshave remained uneasible, representinga disappointment to the legion o answishing to record the action.

In April 007, Huawei began deployingDistributed Node Bs in Belgium having

ully considered the topographical variationsamong dierent spots in the circuit andlandorm complexity. Huawei proceededto implement its wireless network planningsolution and antennas based on existingsites surveys in a move to signicantly savethe operator, Orange, network constructioncosts by utilizing current equipment rooms,site equipment and antennas. IP and multi-carrier technologies were introduced toOranges network so as to enable end-to-

end IP networking rom the interior tothe exterior, while greatly improving thesystems bandwidth throughput capability.

Ater network reconstruction, Orangewas ab le to provide subscr ibers wi th arich and lexible service experience thatincluded mobile broadband services, VoIPand mobile V. he communicationsnetwork covering the Spa-Francochampscircuit has remained as a permanentxture that will benet legions o ans andreporters or years to come.

GO, GO, GO!

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Telecom Italia: higher speeds andnewer experiences

elecom Italia is the seventh largest operator inthe world and is amous or its innovation. It plays adominant role in its domestic market, and operatesin numerous European and Latin American regionsincluding Germany, France, Holland, Brazil, Argentina,Bolivia and Cuba. Having already secured nearly 30million ixed and 60 million mobile subscribers, thecompany is seeking to expand its activities by investingEUR14 billion between 006 and 008.

he constant development o the mobilecommunications industry has necessitated continualbase station adjustment in elecom Italias existingnetwork. Essential upgrades or HSPA and IPradio access networks (RAN) increase costs andendanger network perormance. elecom Italiaexpects to strengthen its position by providing anew network while decreasing capital expenditure(CAPEX) to meet the ast growing requirements or3G network capacity and the demand or the rapidinception o new services. Huaweis next-generationNode B solution and its associated business modelare designed to save millions o euros in network

adjustment areas, and as such attracted elecomItalias interest.

Mobile experiences on high-speedrailways

By 008, Italy will deploy over 1,000km ohigh-speed railway track, with the Rome-Naplesand Milan-urin stretches already up and running.he highest train speeds reach 300km per hourand, in response to the public need or high-speedInternet services while in transit, elecom Italia hasplanned to launch its high-speed Internet servicein partnership with the railway company. HSDPAtechnology is adopted or back transmission throughwhich data is converted to Wi-Fi signals to acilitatethe Internet and other high-speed data services.

On a h igh- speed r a i lway, ca l l t r a i c i sconcentrated in moving carriages, and solutiondesign in terms o construction costs and high-speed perormance should be considered, especiallytechnical diiculties brought about by Dopplerrequency shits at high speeds. Huaweis unique40W power amplier enables bi-directional divided

linear coverage. Its unique high speed algorithm canovercome inluences rom both the Doppler eect

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Editor: Pan Tao [email protected]

Telecom Italia expects to

strengthen its position by

providing a new network while

decreasing CAPEX to meet the

fast growing requirements for

3G network capacity and thedemand for the rapid inception

of new services. Huaweis next-

generation Node B solution

and its associated business

model attracted Telecom Italias

interest.

and excessive cell handovers. Multi-RRUcombination technology can improveHSDPA perormance, and BBU pooltechnology can reduce BBU numbers andthus construction costs.

o date, Huawei has completed thesolution design and network planningor the trial section o the Rome-Napleshigh-speed railway. In the near uture,subscribers can conveniently use high-

speed Internet services on trains betweenRome and Naples with the same results asofce use.

Romantic, golden holidays inSicily

Sicily provided the scenic backdrop orthe award-winning movie Malena, and iswidely regarded by both ordinary touristsand celebrities as a romantic island anddesirable get-away location. July and August

represent its peak-season months duringwhich tens o thousands o tourists descendon the island to enjoy the sunshine, thebeach and the islands rich history.

For elecom Italia, the clusters otour is t s br ing about huge businessopportunities as the more diligent touristsutilize the HSPA network to keep upwith their business tasks, while others usetheir mobile phones to send photos orvideos to relatives and riends. elecomItalias existing network, however, ails

to meet modern requirements and it isalmost impossible or subscribers to usehigh-speed mobile data services in Sicily,thus prompting the drive or networkenhancement.

Guided by the premise o high-qualitybut low-cost customer solutions, Huaweiully employed elecom Italias existingresources while ensuring high qualityintegrity. Including towers, equipment

rooms , power supp ly sys t ems andtransmission equipment, reuse has savedelecom Italia much investment during thenetwork reconstruction process. In terms operormance, the download rate o SicilysHSDPA network gradually increased rom1.8 to 7. Mbps, and more importantly,the network was adjusted beore the 007peak season. he KPIs have demonstrablyimproved, and problems concerningnetwork congestion and poor indoorcoverage have been completely eliminated.Network quality has been optimizedand improved, as enhanced customersatisaction and rapidly increasing traicrates testiy. Te new network is based onull-rate HSPA technology and enableselecom Italia to deploy new services. Notonly do greater number o subscribers nowuse elecom Italias services during theirstay in Sicily, but also the increased averagerevenue per user (ARPU) reects a positivegain or elecom Italia.

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MAINTOPIC

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The fourth generation BTS

n the mid-1990s, the rst generationBS with analog power amplier (PA)enabled people to have un in theirmobile communications. In 000,

the second generation BS with digitalPA greatly accelerated the development omobile networks. In 005, the distributedBS, which represents the third generation

BS, brought substantial changes tonetwork construction. With the applicationo the wideband RF and IP technologies,the ourth generation BS has nowbecoming a highlight in the industry, andully displaying its eatures o Convergence,Integration, All-IP and Green.

Convergence

he constant development o mobilecommunications has accelerated theupgrades o technologies and products.GSM networks are heading to the enhancedata rates or GSM evolution (EDGE)and EDGE+, while WCDMA networksare evolving to high-speed packet access(HSPA), HSPA+, and long term evolution(LE). Faced with dierent systemsincluding WiMAX, operators have toinvest much on operation and maintenancei dierent networks are constructed.Tereore, convergence has become a majorconcern throughout the industry.

he BS accommodating dierentsys t ems deve lops typ ica l ly in twodirections. First is the initial stage, inwh ic h th e eq uipm en t room , an tenna,eeder and auxiliary equipment are shared,whil e di er ent networks use di eren ttypes o BS. Second, the sotware denedradio (SDR) technology is adopted to

uniy the hardware o BSs in dierenttechnical systems. As a result, a hardwaremodule can be conigured to support aunique system such as GSM, WCDMAand CDMA, or even support two systemssimultaneously. his can enable smoothupgrades and reduce operation costs,including the cost o service parts.

Integration

Te need or greater capacity has beenincreasing with the drive o high-speeddata services. BSs adopting the multi-carrier technology have higher integrationand lower power consumption, and theycan acilitate smooth capacity expansion.Multi-carrier technology is the currenttrend or radio requency (RF) broadbandusage, and it is a key technology or theourth generation BS.

Multi-carrier technology was irstapplied in 3G BSs. he G networkused single-carrier technology in its early

I

MAIN TOPIC

phase, but can now use multi-carriertechnology introduced rom 3G networks.In a traditional BS using single-carriertechnology, each carr ier inc ludes atransceiver and a power ampliicationunit. Multi-carrier technology employswid eba nd RF te ch nol og ie s, in wh ic hmultiple signals are combined through the

digital intermediate requency (IF) and aretransmitted through a broadband powerampliier. In each multi-carrier module,the number o carriers can be lexiblyconigured and power can be sharedamong carriers. As a result, combinersare no longer needed, enabling lexiblecapacity expansion and reduced powerconsumption.

In a grand expo our months ago inChina, the trafc was estimated 10 timesmore than usual. Te technical guarantee,however, had been proven to be an easyone. With the help o Huaweis ourthgeneration BS equipped with multi-carrier module, the network capacitywas expanded three times through dataconguration in one minute, without theneed o adding new cabinets or rentingnew equipment room.

All-IP

he increase o data service has raised

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Apple gained a whopping success by wining 10% of operators revenue generated from iPhone users, which

raised a heated topic about changes in the value chain. In an industry with stiffer competition, transnational

operators have to fight tooth and claw to get a new market share from their competitors, while regional

operators are striving to grab a larger stage. The industry is undergoing a hurricane, a telecom analyst said.

Higher requirements have been imposed on the existing networks with the introduction of new services,

increased number of users and higher average minutes of usage. Facing decreased ARPU and increased OPEX,operators need a future-oriented wireless network solution to handle these challenges and boost their prots.

ourth generation BS is to reduce resourceslike equipment room and energy. Highly-integrated BSs with low powerconsumption are the key to greencommunications.

he ourth generation BSboasts enhanced eatures in itsintegrity and power consumption.

ake a 1-RX BS o 3 sectors or example. Atraditional BS requires three cabinets and 8000Wpower consumption i air conditioning included.he ourth generation BS, however, needs onlyone cabinet and 000W power consumption evenin an equipment room with higher temperature. Bycomparison, costs on auxiliary equipment can bereduced by over 30%, while power consumptiono BSs can be saved more than 75%. For anoperator in South Arica, its traditional BSs canconsume energy equaling to USD1. billion in ave year period. I all the BSs use Huaweis ourthgeneration ones, a total o USD0.75 billion can besaved.

Te year 008 will be characterized by networktransormation. An innovative and quick-responsepartner is needed in operators eort to explore theblue ocean. Relying on customer-based innovation,Huawei positions its technical development onGreen, Convergence, Broadband and Evolution.Huawei has taken the lead in releasing the ourthgeneration BS in the industry, and will always be apartner in building a uture-oriented network withoperators.

By Xu Peizhong

Pointing the wind vanes for BTSs

higher requirements or bandwidth. Operators,however, have to ace various challenges in eachbandwidth expansion, such as replacing the existingequipment at a large scale, or making drastic changesin network architecture, especially in transmissionnetwork. High cost has become a curse in openingthe door o broadband.

Te ourth generation BS can solve the above-

mentioned problems. Based on IP and widebandRF technologies, the RF channel can be up to0MB, while transmission interace can support100MB traic. As only data coniguration isneeded to enable the changes between dierentsystems, operators can protect their investmentduring network transormation. For example, a3x4 GSM BS can be conigured to a 3x HSPABS. Tis conguration does not require hardwarereplacement, but the transmission speed can beincreased rom MB to 0MB.

Huaweis ourth generation BS has gaineda leading position, thanks to the companys richexperience in broadband and IP. In 006, Huaweisucceeded in deploying an All-IP HSPA networkin Japan, which marks the very irst time that IPtechnology is introduced into mobile networks.At the end o 007, Huawei helped an operatorestablish its networks in Szechwan, China, using theGSM BSs based on a wideband platorm.

Green

A major drive behind the development o the

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3G technologieswo h i gh l igh t s in the r i chdevelopment o the 3G networksare advanced technologies andhigh eiciency. However, the

GSM network is the most widely appliednetwork in the world. Ater a decade odevelopment, the GSM network is stillavored and constantly evolves due to thematurity o technical applications and

business models.Reviewing the G developments

rom 3G commercial applications, peoplemay ask: Is it possible to apply the high-eiciency and energy-saving technologieso the 3G systems to the G systems? Canwe smoothly evolve the G systems tothe 3G systems? Huaweis new-generationEnerG GSM solution will oer you thebest answer.

Multi-carrier technology

for 2GIn the traditional GSM base transceiver

station (BS), a radio requency unit(RFU) can only process one carrier signal,thereore, a 1-RX macro BS needs 1RFUs. Each BS is cumbersome whenequipped with the necessary combinersand duplexers. With technical innovations,each RFU can now process two radiorequency (RF) signals, and a 1-RX

High efficiency 3G PAtechnology for 2G

o deploy a wireless network withoverall coverage and good perormance,thousands o BSs may be needed. As aresult, the costs o BSs account or thebiggest proportion o overall network

construction costs. In each BS thatworks as a radio transceiver, the RF powerampliier (PA) is the most importantcomponent. he linear PA accountsor about 1/3 o the total cost o eachBS, and the RF PA is a main powerconsumption unit o BS.

o cut BS costs, an eective methodis to decrease the costs o the RF PA unitor each BS. his requires the use o aPA that has wide bandwidth, high lineareatures, and increased efciency.

Te DPD + Doherty high-efciencydigital PA technology does quite well. Tedigital pre-distortion (DPD) technologyenables signal pre-distortion. A pre-distorter is cascaded over a PA. Because thenon-linear distortions enabled by the pre-distorter are equivalent to those enabledby the PA in quantity but are opposite inunction, thus high linear PA output canbe achieved.

he Doherty PA technology has twomain parts: the carrier (C) ampliier and

By Pang Yingwen

2G BTS draws on

2G BTS draws on 3G technologies

19

macro BS needs only 6 dual transceiverunits (DRUs) and less combiners andduplexers. Compared with the BS withsingle-RXs RFU, the new-generationBS is smaller, leaner, and oers betterradio perormance.

Currently, Huawei is the only vendorwho has developed a QRU - a type oRFU based on multi-carrier technology.

Each QRU supports the processing o sixRF signals. Digital intermediate requency(IF) combining technology is also used. SixRF signals are combined in the QRU,and no independent combiner is required.Power o the six RF signals can be sharedto improve radio perormance. Te QRUbased on the multi-carrier technology isthe same size as a DRU, but has threetimes the capacity o the DRU.

Multi-carrier technology can bringno t ewor t hy imp r ovement s t o Gnetworks. ake Huaweis indoor macroBS301 or example, since the QRUand DRU are the s ame s i ze , theBS301 is able to support both theQRU and DRU at the same time. TeDRU-based BS301 can support upto 1 RXs and needs combiners. heQRU-based BS301 can support up to36 RXs without combiners. o constructa S1/1/1 site, an operator needs threeDRU-based BS301s or only oneQRU-based BS301 with no combiner.

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the peak (P) ampliier. he carrier PA works constantly,whi le the peak PA works only at the preset peak. hecarrier PA works in a nearly saturated state to get higherefciency, and it amplies most signals. Te peak PA works

only at the peak value, and does not consume power mosto the time. he linear area with combined output andinput eatures has been greatly expanded rom the lineararea o a single ampliier, which enables high eiciencywhen signals are in the linear area.

Huaweis new-generation GSM RF PA improveseiciency up to 50% while saving over 49% in powerconsumption when compared with a traditional BS.his is accomplished by coupling power ampliicationtechnology with some innovative PA power consumptionmanagement technologies like intelligent shut-o o PApower and dynamic adjustment o PA voltage.

I existing sites are replaced by Huaweis new-

generation BSs that adopt the 3G high-eiciency PAand the multi-carrier technology, a medium-sized citywith ,000 sites can save 33.9 million kilowatts (KW)o electricity each year. Te environment is spared ,000tons o carbon dioxide (CO) emissions and the operatorsaves money too.

Distributed architecture for

2G BTS

o reduce 3G network construction costs, Huaweipioneered in launching 3G Node Bs based on thedistributed architecture in 005. In the distributedarchitecture, the baseband unit (BBU) and the remoteradio unit (RRU) are separated and connected through thestandard common public radio interace (CPRI).

he distributed architecture divides the traditionalNode Bs into two small modules, BBU and RRU. hisacilitates site acquisition, simpliies installation, anddrastically cuts 3G network construction costs. Basedon its mature design and application experience in 3Gdistributed Node Bs, Huawei launched the DBS3036, aGSM distributed BS with large capacity, high integrity

and high reliability.By applying advanced 3G RF technologies like multi-

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Huaweis next

genaration GSMdistributed BTS

3G distributed Node Bs are maturing and GSMoperators have begun to cooperate with telecom vendors toexplore the possibilities o applying distributed BSs in theGSM eld. However, many products are simple imitations

o 3G distributed Node Bs in appearance, installationeatures and transmission media. he act is that GSMnetworks are signicantly dierent rom universal mobiletelecommunications system (UMS) networks, especiallyin capacity, evolution and environmental impact.

Not mere imitations

GSM distributed BSs are not mere imitationso the 3G models, but are deinitely inheritance andimprovement based on the original. Hardware sharing thesame platorm represents the idea o modular design andproduct maturity. As the smallest and lightest BS in theindustry, Huaweis next-generation GSM distributed BSis based on the latest platorm that is applicable to UMSnetworks and even long-term evolution (LE) networks.

Te next-generation GSM distributed BSs basebandunit (BBU) inherits high integrity rom the 3G distributedNode Bs. Its common public radio interace (CPRI) andboard structure are o mature designs, while the remoteradio unit (RRU) has been greatly improved. By adoptingthe natural heat dissipation mode and compact size, theRRU is o higher stability, larger capacity, and greateroutput power. he distributed BS maturity has beenshined based on in-depth commercial test data, and the

BS eatures optimized radio requency (RF) components,heat dissipation, and antenna system.

A basic re quirement or GSM networks i s theassurance o smooth evolution to uture networks.Huaweis next-generation GSM distributed BS enablesGSM and UMS systems to share the same platorm,ully supporting coexistence o G and 3G networksand smooth evolution to uture networks. he productalso adopts the IP platorm design mode and uses IP

By Yin Dongming & Xu Yan

Link

carrier technology and the high-efciency digital PA tothe G system, Huawei will soon launch the RRU3036or new-generation G distributed BSs. EachRRU3036 can support up to 6 carriers. For an S6/6/6site, only three RRU3036 modules are needed. In theuture, big, bulky BSs with high power consumption

will be phased out in G network construction.

End-to-end IP technologies

he GSM and the WCDMA belong to the samestandard system and support smooth evolution. heIP radio access network (RAN) technology used in 3Gsystems has many similarities to the BSS IP technologyused in G systems. Te IP technologies adopted in 3Gsystems can all be used in G systems and guarantee thesustainable development o G systems.

In product platorm development, the BSC and

BS o the GSM system are both based on an All-IPplatorm. his dramatically improves the integrationo G products, decreases power consumption andmaintenance costs, and enables smooth evolution to 3Gsystems. In the past, 5 to10 cabinets were needed or aBSC that supports ,000 RXs, including the packetcontrol unit (PCU) and transcoder (C). Now onlyone cabinet is required with Huaweis new-generationBSC6000 designed with the IP platorm technology. TeBSC6000 and the radio network controller (RNC) areboth based on the PARC IP platorm. Te BSC6000 canbe upgraded to a RNC by a simple sotware upgrade andreplacement o a ew interace boards.

In networking, Huaweis new-generation distributedBS provides IP interaces or G networks. heGb interace, Abis interace and A interace are alldesigned to support IP connection directly. As a result,the structure o the G network is simpliied, thetransmission expenses in G networking are curtailed,and increased requirements or digital services canbe accommodated. For example, the 3G network oEMOBILE in Japan has saved up to 95% lease expenseson transmission devices each year ater adoptingHuaweis IP RAN solution.

When 3G IP technologies are used in G productdevelopment and IP networking, the reliability andeiciency o G networks can be greatly improved.hrough IP networking, such unctions as the BSCpool or the MSC pool can be conveniently enabled.I a BSC or MSC in the network ails in transmission,another BSC or MSC can take up the services andsystem services will not be interrupted.

Huawei has diversiied and upgraded mobileapplications by introducing advanced 3G technologiesto the G system. By adopting the same technologies,G and 3G products will naturally evolve rom technicalconvergence to product convergence.

2G BTS draws on 3G technologies

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technologies rom the core to interaces.Based on extensive experience in the IPield, Huawei has pioneered in usingthe IP clock server to transer clockson IP networks and realized IP mobilenetworking rom network elements to theoverall network architecture.

Full display of distributedfeatures

Di e r ing r om Nod e B s in 3Gnetworks, GSM BSs require largerc ap ac i t y . A t p r e s en t , many GSMdistributed BSs in the industry supportonly two carr ier s due to technical

limitations, which seriously limits coveragescenarios. hese BSs can only be usedas components or macro BSs or orsmall-capacity indoor coverage. o utilizedistributed eatures, the next-generationGSM distributed BSs must supportlarge-capacity networking and providethe capabilities o macro BSs in terms ocoverage and expansion.

Huaweis next-generation distributedBS stands out rom al l the GSMdistributed BSs that can be installedon towers or its support o S4/4/4conigurat ion and S1/1/1 aterupgrades. he application perormancewith 30W cab inet- top output power isequivalent to that o a macro BS.

By using Huaweis next-generation GSMBS, operators can have up to 36 carriers inbaseband processing, and can add two BBUsto expand each single BS to support 1cells and 7 carriers. Tis can greatly enrichthe application scenarios o GSM distributedBSs and handle the requirements o heavy-traic users and highly-integrated services,

whether indoors or outdoors. In each sector,a single RRU o Huaweis next-generationGSM distributed BS can support 4 carriers,and the capacity can be urther expandedthrough cascading. Since the unit supportstransmit diversity and 4-antenna receivediversity, the receive sensitivity can be upto -11.5 dBm at normal temperature.Operators can stop worrying about degraded

quality o service (QoS) and wont need toconstruct more sites or plan more networks,while enjoying the eatures o distributedBSs.

Wi t h t h e p u r p o s e s o r e d u c in genergy consumption, noise pollution,electromagnetic radiation and intererence,Huawei has transplanted a green ideainto the design o its next-generationGSM distributed BS. By adopting digitalpower ampliier and intelligent powercontrol technologies, Huaweis next-generation GSM distributed BS achievesa power ampliication eiciency o morethan 40%. As a result, power consumptionis urther decreased while the same outputpower is maintained.

Experience promises abright future

Engineer ing exper ience rom 3Gnetworks is greatly helpul in deployingGSM distributed BSs. With its 3Gdistributed Node Bs, Huawei helpedVodaone Spain migrate the networks inMadrid and Barcelona. By installing RRUson towers to improve coverage, VodaoneSpain greatly improved its voice qualityand high-speed packet access (HSPA) datathroughput.

In Hong Kong, where eatures themost complicated wireless environmentand great diiculty in site acquisition,

Huawei used the ray-tracing model and3G distributed Node Bs to build a high-quality network, while saving space andrental costs.

In Singapore, Huawei used distributedNode Bs to realize the coverage o twodierent scenarios in downtown areas andresidential areas. By using ber extensionsand reading directly the original networkconiguration data, Huawei managed tospeed up the network optimization witha record-setting delivery o 100 sites perweek.

I n J a p a n , H u a w e i t a i l o r e d i t sdistributed Node Bs to meet the operatorsrigorous requirements or earthquake

resistance, moisture resistance, natural heatdissipation, and reliability, and succeededin cons t ruc t ing the a s t e s t mobi lebroadband network nationwide with morethan 70% coverage.

Al though the mature appl icat ion o3G distributed Node Bs have signicantlyinuenced the GSM network deployment,operators are still looking orward to anext-generation distributed BS solutiontailored or GSM networks, rather thanequipment that enables simple separationin physica l architecture. he next-generation GSM distributed BS cantruly help operators build high efciency,high quality and quickly operable GSMnetworks that provide competitive servicesand products.

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Green BTS

By Wu Wujun

loba l t e l ecom equipmentsuppliers are rolling out theirown green BSs. However,each might have a dierent

understanding on the denition o a greenBS since currently there is no deinedstandard in the industry.

I we analyze the one-time capitalexpenditure (CAPEX) beore launch timeand the operational expenditure (OPEX)aterwards, it is apparent that a real greenBS should incorporate environmentalprotection into product design and produce

to signiicantly lower the total cost oownership (CO) while saving energy.

he green BS bene i t s mobi leoperators mainly in these three importantareas: auxiliary equipment, networkdeployment, and environmental protectionand resources utilization.

Reducing sites andsaving auxiliary cost

As the cost o BS oten occupies onlyaround 30% o one site CAPEX, whilein Europe and other developed countries,the proport ion in CAPEX is about15%. Reducing the site related auxiliaryequipment will directly decrease CAPEX.Higher integration is thus demanded.

Suppose a GSM site with S1/1/1typical coniguration in dense urban, theootprint o site with traditional BS willbe over 1.5m. I the ootprint can bedecreased to 0.5m, acquisition o 10,000

sites will save operators over USD10million in Europe. Due to small dimensionsand light weight, more than 70% civilworks can be reduced at the same time.With increasing price o uel, more cost onOPEX could be urther saved.

In the industry, promoting integration,adding external combiner, or shortening thebackup time by reducing battery acilities iscommonly used to make the site acquisitioneasier. Due to low BS integration and sitelimitation brought by tower, space, cost etc.,the number o eeders and antennas will

be consequently restricted. o realize thatmultiple carriers share the same eeder andantenna, an expensive external combinerhas to be added.

Te green BS will be able to provide4 to 6 carriers by one common port. For aS1/1/1 site, only 1 to battery cabinetsare required, about 0.5m occupied, whichmakes site acquisition more convenientand lexible, saves CAPEX, and shortensthe network planning and rollout period.

Power consumption cutby 50%

Environmentally riendly productsgenerally eature lower power consumption,less noise, less electromagnetic radiation,and lower environmental impact. hatis precisely what the green BS aims toachieve.

For example, a typical GSM S4/4/4 sitewith a traditional macro BS consumed

1,600W in 007, and the total powerconsumption o the site was around3,000W. I power consumption o bothBS and auxiliary equipment can beoptimized, a site with less than 450Wpower consumption will lead to 85%decrease in total power consumption,which is about ,000 kilowatt hours persite every year. hat means 70 millionliters o uel, accounting or USD400million, and would be saved or an AricanGSM operator with 10,000 outdoor sitesin 5 years.

o achieve this target, Huawei greenBS adopts enhanced Doherty technology,the latest power ampliier chipset, andbrand new hardware design to realizeenergy conservation and environmentalprotection by a three-tier approach.

First, the latest power amplier chipsetand high eiciency scheduling algorithmcan eectively reduce more than 60% othe static power, substantially avoiding theunnecessary waste o energy.

Second, industry-wide power ampliereiciency was less than 33% in 006,but with the latest chipset and enhancedDPD & Doherty technologies , theampliier eiciency is improved rom33% to 45%. It is sae to orecast thatthe power ampliier eiciency will beimproved to 50% by the year 008. As aconsequence, power consumption will beurther decreased, and uel consumptionand emission o carbon dioxide will besigniicantly reduced. By using high-eiciency power ampliier technologies

fresh breathgives

Green BTS gives fresh breath

23

G

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and the latest ampliier chipset, the internal heatgenerated by the BS components is greatlydecreased. Te traditional heat dissipation methodssuch as air-conditioning and heat-exchange canbe replaced by convection cooling or natural heatdissipation, eliminating noise and saving energy.

hird, according to a number o industryconsulting rms, 750W power supply is a dividingline between green energy and uel engine. I a less-than 750W BS uses green energy, investmentbalance can be reached within three years comparedwith that uses a uel engine. For small BSs ordistributed BSs in low traic areas, such as theBSs o one sector and less than transceivers,their power consumption is ar less than 750W.Tereore, the green energy such as solar, and windcan be used to power the BSs. Tis not only savesthe investment, but also takes ull advantage o usingnatural energy to eliminate environmental pollution.

Easier installation

It is well known that a traditional BS iscomposed o many modules including baseband, RF,combiner, transmission, operation and management.hese cause very complicated wiring and rigidinstallation mode, making site construction andexpansion difcult.

In 005, distributed BS with open commonport radio interace (CPRI) was developed as the rstmodular BS. As the distributed BS is physically

divided into baseband module and RF moduleinterconnected through optical ber, the exibility osite acquisition and installation is greatly enhanced.With regard to the dimensions, a baseband modulethat is 3U to 4U in height can enable the installationon the existing equipment such as an automaticpower management (APM) cabinet, transmissionequipment cabinet or remote equipment room.Tanks to its light weight, the RF module supportsvar ious ins tal lation modes inc luding instal lat ionon tower, pole, or against wall. Because o itssmall capacity (one or two carriers), a traditionaldistributed BS is only

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