Hybrid Electric Propulsion
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
Europe-Japan Symposium
Electrical Technologies for the Aviation
of the Future
Tokyo, Japan
26th and 27th of March 2015
Presented by JL Delhaye
Prepared in collaboration with
Peter ROSTEK
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Content
• Airbus civil aircraft
• Fully Electric Propulsion
• Hybrid Electric Propulsion
• Conclusion
Page 2
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Aviation drives our global economy
Growth
- Air traffic doubles
every 15 years
58million
Jobs supported
50million
Tonnes of freight
3billion
Passengers
$2.4trillion
Global GDP annually
Source: ATAG 2014
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Airbus our products
Page 4
Airbus aircraft families are covering a capacity range from 100 to 500+ passenger seats
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Fully Electric Propulsion
Page 5
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Fully Electric Propulsion Historical Development of Electric Flight
Page 6
Solair 1 MB-E1
eGenius
Pipistrel G4
LiI
on
/LiP
o c
om
me
rcia
lly a
va
ila
ble
More development activities resulted in higher power levels
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Solair 1
Fully Electric Propulsion Future Development of Electric Flight
Page 7
?
Volta Volare GT4
We want
both
high power
and
high voltage
What are the limits of fully electric propulsion
LiI
on
/LiP
o c
om
merc
ially a
vail
ab
le
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Fully Electric Propulsion Key Challenge for Commercial Aviation
Page 8
Assumptions
Energy Density of Kerosene 12000 Wh/kg
Energy Density of Battery 120 Wh/kg
Efficiency Factor of eMotor 3
With current battery technologies fully electric propulsion is impossible for commercial aviation
A319: 800 nm / 140 PAX
Conventional Kerosene
30 kg Kerosene per PAX
Fully Electric
1000 kg Battery per PAX
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Fully Electric Propulsion Key Question for Today’s Conference
Page 9
How to build a bridge between small fully electric a/c and large hybrid electric a/c
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Hybrid Electric Propulsion
Page 10
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Hybrid Electric Propulsion Nothing New for Other Markets
The huge challenge is to transfer this technology into the commercial aviation market
Porsche Panamera Hybrid
0.07 MW / 5500 rpm
1 to 2 kW/kg
Liebherr Mining Truck
3 MW
0.25 kW/kg
Queen Mary 2
20 MW / 180 rpm
0.2 to 0.4 kW/kg
Page 11
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Hybrid Electric Propulsion Technology Target Setting
Significant performance improvements on system component level are essential
Page 12
Long term target for electric machines:
10 to 15 kW/kg at system level
Long term target for batteries:
500 to 700 Wh/kg at system level
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Above 50%
Overall Efficiency
Hybrid Electric Propulsion Overall Energy Balance
High efficiency of electric sub architecture to boost overall efficiency of hybrid system architecture
98%
93%
Useful
Energy 100% Battery
System
Converters
and Cables
Electric
Motor
Energy
Storage Power Transmission
Propulsion
Unit
Page 13
Geared
Fan/Prop Fuel
Tank
Gas
Turbine 100% 42%
Useful
Energy
Fuel
Lines 100%
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Hybrid Electric Propulsion Possible Propulsion Architecture
Page 14
Parallel system architecture to provide additional drive power for specific flight phases
Gas Turbine
Pro
pu
lsio
n U
nit
Gearbox
Mechanical Connection
Cooling Connection Electric DC Connection
Electric AC Connection
1: Battery Management System
Battery
+
BMS1
Electric
Network
Cooling
System
Electric
Network
eMotor
eGenerator
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Hybrid Electric Propulsion Baseline Propulsion Architecture
Page 15
Serial system architecture to separate power generation from thrust generation
Mechanical Connection
Cooling Connection Electric DC Connection
Electric AC Connection
Battery
+
BMS1
Electric
Network
Cooling
System
Back-Up
Gas Turbine
Main
Gas Turbine Rectifier eGenerator
1: Battery Management System
Pro
pu
lsio
n U
nit
Gearbox eMotor Controller
Electric
Network
Cooling
System
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Hybrid Electric Propulsion Energy Management Strategy
Page 16
Energy management over mission profile is key to boost efficieny
Takeoff
Climb
Cruise
Approach
Landing
Taxi Out = = Taxi In
or
+ +
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Block Fuel benefit
Short Range A/C (100-200 PAX)
Regional Range A/C (50-100 PAX)
Urban Range A/C
Hybrid Electric Propulsion Potential Efficiency Benefit
Page 17
There is a potential for hybrid electric propulsion – Initially for regional range a/c
Block Energy:
•used on a block mission
•stored both in fuel and in batteries
Block Energy Benefit < Block Fuel Benefit
Hybrid A/C
more efficient than
Conventional A/C
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
Block energy benefit
Mission Range (Nm)
Blo
ck e
nerg
y b
enefit
Hybrid v
s. conventional
0 3000
0%
25%
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Hybrid Electric Propulsion Potential Efficiency Benefit
Page 18
For big commercial a/c hybrid electric propulsion is the key enabler for further technology bricks
Hybrid A/C
more efficient than
Conventional A/C
Block Energy Benefit
Hybrid vs. Conventional
(simplified trend line)
0%
50%
100%
Hybrid Electric Propulsion
Dir
ect
Imp
act
on
Blo
ck
En
erg
y B
en
efi
t
Further Technology Bricks
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Hybrid Electric Propulsion Overall Aircraft Design
Page 19
Synergies between technology bricks will open the design space for overall aircraft design
Distributed
Propulsion
Boundary
Layer
Ingestion
Hybrid
Electric
Propulsion
Differential
Thrust
Reduced
Control
Surfaces
Wing
Surface
Blowing
Integrated
Systems
Architecture
Mission
Adaptation
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Hybrid Electric Propulsion Expected and unexpected benefits
Page 20
Breakthrough aircraft architecture will lead to unexpected benefits
Fuel savings
Reduction of emission CO2, Nox
Significant noise reduction
Lower manufacturing costs
Easier maintenance, better aircraft reliability
Better pax comfort
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Hybrid Ground Demonstrator 1.0
Hybrid Ground Demonstrator 2.0
Hybrid and Fully
Electric G/A
Hybrid H/C
Hybrid UAV
Hybrid NRA
Hybrid Electric Propulsion Hybrid Ground and Flight Demonstrators
Technology demonstrators to validate basic assumptions and to drive technology maturations
Page 21
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Hybrid Electric Propulsion Hybrid Ground and Flight Demonstrators
Page 22
Airbus Group is already in the air: eGenius, CriCri, Hybrid Dimona and E-Fan 1.0
http://wemakeitfly.airbus-group.com/
eGenius
Electric Motorglider
Research Platform
MTOW 950kg
Power 60kW
Range 400km
Diamond E-Star 2
Serial Hybrid Motorglider
MTOW 900kg
Power 65kW
eFan
Electric Trainer
MTOW 550kg
Power 60kW
Endurance 1h
Green CriCri
Testbed
MTOW 180kg
Power 11kW
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Conclusion
• We need to multiply by 6 the energy density storage capability of batteries
• We need to multiply by 4 the electrical machine power density
• Hybrid architecture will require and enable new aircraft configuration
• Energy management system is key to boost efficiency
• Hybrid electric propulsion is the key enabler
• For further technology bricks
• Towards world targets for energy saving
• Unexpected benefits of hybrid architecture will come on top of fuel savings
• Pax comfort
• Lower costs for OEM and airlines
Page 23
The challenges we see will only be met on a joint world Research Platform
© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Page 24
Thank you,
26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future