DNV GL © 2015-04-24 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENERDNV GL © Rev 2
2015-04-24
Mr. Geir Dahler, Machinery & Systems, Maritime Advisory - Norway
MARITIME
Green design of Maritime and Offshore vessels
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Hybrid design
DNV GL © 2015-04-24
Hybrid marine power-systems
� Purpose:
– Reduced environmental impacts / emissions (NOX, CO2, methane…)
– Reduced fuel costs
– Reduced maintenance costs
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DNV GL © 2015-04-24
Hybrid marine power-systems
� “Knowledge-based” and “optimised” operations:
(Intelligent utilisation of the ship’s load-profile)
– Efficient use of low-load running time
– Large amount of low-load operation
– Stand by power (available power / overcapacity for charging etc.)
– Efficient use of high-load running time
– High transient-load capacity
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DNV GL © 2015-04-24
Hybrid power and propulsion system
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AUXILIARIES
BATTERY
Diesel- & Gas ENGINES gen-sets
FUEL CELL
Switch PROPULSION
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Hybrid power and propulsion system
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Shore Power
Alternatives ! E.g. solar power?
Power regeneration
WHR
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Example; Ships for pure battery operation – Ampere by Norled
Ships with frequent stays in port and relatively low energy needs
� Ferries, passenger vessels, short sea shipping
� Available port power and sufficient charging time, 5 to 10 minutes
� Max 60 minutes crossing and max 20 knots. However we have Re-Volt
� Savings in fuel costs: 50% to 80% in Norway (crude oil price $ 100)
� Pay back depending on electricity prices and investments on land
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DNV GL © 2015-04-24
Maritime battery systems – What is happening?� Eidesvik: Viking Lady, hybrid supply vessel, retrofit in Norway 2013
� Østensjø: Edda Ferd, hybrid supply vessel, construction Astilleros in Spain 2013
� Østensjø: large hybrid offshore construction vessel, construction Kleven in Norway 2016
� Fafnir Offshore: hybrid supply vessel, construction Havyard Ship Technology's yard in Leirvik, Norway.
� Selfa Arctic: hybrid fishing boat, construction in Norway 2014
� SVITZER: 4 battery hybrid tugboats, construction of ASL Marine in Singapore
� KOTUG: RT Adriaan, hybrid tugboat in Rotterdam, retrofit 2012
� Foss: Carolyn Dorothy hybrid tug of LA, buildings Foss' Rainier Shipyard in USA, 2009
� Foss: Campbell Foss hybrid tug of LA, retrofit Foss' Rainier Shipyard in USA, 2012
� NORLED: Finnøy, hybrid ferry, retrofit 2013 in Norway
� NORLED: Folgefonn, hybrid/pure battery ferry 2014 in Norway
� Fjord1: Fannefjord LNG, hybrid ferry, retrofit
� Scottish Government: Hybrid ferry in Scotland, construction of Ferguson in Glasgow
� Scandlines: 4 battery hybrid ferries, retrofit 2013
� University of Victoria: Tsekola II, hybrid research vessel, retrofit in Canada
� NORLED: 100 % battery ferry, new building Fjellstrand in Norway 2015
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DNV GL © 2015-04-24
Maritime batteries – What is happening?
� Electrification with Li-ion batteries - a global trend across sectors
� Hybridization with Li-ion batteries
– can produce significant reductions in fuel consumption, maintenance and pollution
– improve ship responsiveness, operational time and safety
– may be a storage platform for black out power, energy recovery, use of renewable energy
– enhances LNG based solutions
– maritime power system providers are positioning themselves
– Maritime Battery Forum is established
– Green coastal shipping program is established
� Will provide a significant market penetration and environmental savings
– In the future, most ships and vessels will be hybrid or plug-in hybrid
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DNV GL © 2015-04-24
Ships for battery hybrid operation
� Ferries
� Offshore Vessels
� Tugs
� Dry cargo with cranes
� Research ships
� Wind Vessels
� Special ships / Ice breakers
� Passenger ships
� FPSO
� Shuttle tankers
� Passenger
� Military
� Auxiliary engines in deep sea shipping
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� Hybridization
- ships with low engine utilization in periods, or
- ships with large power variations
DNV GL © 2015-04-24
Hybrid power and propulsion system
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AUXILIARIES
BATTERY
Diesel- & Gas ENGINES gen-sets
FUEL CELL
Switch PROPULSION
FUEL CELL –additional power
ENGINE gen-sets – main power source
BATTERY– additional power (for transients)
DNV GL © 2015-04-24
Battery hybridization – low engine utilization
� Batteries can reduce fuel
consumption, maintenance and
emissions
� Diesel engines run at optimal
load, when they first run
Battery-only mode
� In waiting situations
� In environmental sensitive areas
� In port
Plug-in hybrids can provide
further benefits
Typical Load Profile Diesel Engine - No battery
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Optimal Load Factor
100%
50%
Time
Optimal Load Factor
100%
50%
Time
Optimized Load Profile Diesel Engine - Battery
In portIn port
Battery only
Battery only
Battery only
DNV GL © 2015-04-24
Battery hybridization – black out and boost power
Typical Load Profile Diesel Engine - No battery
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Optimal Load Factor
100%
50%
Time
Optimal Load Factor
100%
50%
Time
In portIn port
Battery only
Battery only
Battery only
BoostThe battery can provide effective
and non-expensive
• black out power reserve
• boost power
Optimized Load Profile Diesel Engine - Battery
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Battery: Size, Weight & Performance – Load Response
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Comparable size and weight
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Battery hybridization – large power variations
FellowSHIP III – Offshore Supply
• Much time with suboptimal engine load and high fuel consumption
• Rapid changes in effect burn more fuel is not good for the engine and emissions
PSV PSV (DP-mode)
DNV GL © 2015-04-24
Battery hybridization – large power variations; “Let the diesel-engines run at steady load, and let the batteries do the transients”
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Battery discharges when power demand is greater than the Diesel engine output:
Battery chargeswhen power demand is less than the Diesel engine output:
We now have:1. Optimal
load2. Reduced
transients3. Regenerativ
e braking
DNV GL © 2015-04-24
The hybrid system uses less fuel and requires less maintenance and has annual savings of 110,000 $
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313 tons used 217 tons used
DNV GL © 2015-04-24
Economy for hybrid ships - general examples (crude oil price $100)
Hybrid system cost ≈ $2,000,000Annual fuel costs ≈ $2,500,000Savings potential ≈ 15%Annual savings ≈ $375,000
Pay back < 5 years
Hybrid system cost ≈ $1,000,000Annual fuel costs ≈ $800,000Savings potential ≈ 30%Annual savings ≈ $240,000
Pay back < 4 years
Hybrid system cost ≈ $300,000Annual fuel costs ≈ $250,000Savings potential ≈ 30%Annual savings ≈ $75,000
Pay back < 4 years
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Reduce local emissions
Batteries can eliminate or significantly reduce emissions
in emission sensitive areas
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The DNV GL approach – Available decision support tools
� Training – Introduction to Maritime Battery Systems
� Tentative DNV Rules for Battery Power
� DNV GL Guideline for Large Maritime Battery Systems
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Feasibility
Studies
Outline
Specification
Design and
ProcurementFabrication Testing
Installation and
Commissioning
Operation and
Maintenance
Why independent assessments at an early stage?
• A second pair of eyes to spot errors/weaknesses early, and save costs
• Enlarged negotiation power towards battery vendors
• Increased confidence for owner, charterer, investor and other stake holders
� Platform for qualification of battery related systems
� Battery Ready - Technical, economic and environmental performance analyses
� Battery sizing and optimization analyses
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DNV GL Battery Course
Why battery systems in the maritime sector?
Battery basics with focus on Li-ion technology
Main factors for a safe and cost effective battery system
Class requirements for battery systems as a part of propulsion
Risk analyses
Technical, economic and environmental related analyses
Incentives and financial support in Norway
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Strategy for improved ship safety, regularity and economy –Battery Ready
New building or retrofit
� High level technical feasibility study based on the vessel’s operational profile
� High-level financial analysis including both investment and operational costs
� Outline the necessary requirements for a Battery Ready design
� Concept design review / HAZID
� Approval in Principle
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VALUE DELIVERED
Tougher competition and environmental regulations• Lower demand and rates• High and fluctuating fuel costs• Risks related to future regulations?• Attractiveness of old technology?
CHALLENGE
DNV SOLUTION
� Cost-benefit assessment illustrates the vessel’s performance to ship owner and charterers
� Cost-benefit assessment pinpoints when a full implementation is attractive
� Cost reductions from optimization of engine/motor size vs. battery size
� Independent and credible battery sizing & optimization
� Enlarged negotiation power towards battery vendors
� A second pair of eyes to spot errors/weaknesses early, and thereby save costs
� Increased confidence for owner, charterer, investor and other stake holders
DNV GL © 2015-04-24
Example;Duration (life) and safety for Li-ion batteries in marine conditions
� Size
� Life
� Safety
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Example;System simulation; Techno-Economic design & Operation optimisation
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Time at sea
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Maritime Battery Forum
Ensure that Norway is a world leader within battery based value adding
� Act as a driver in the development of future industry policy, and improve
frameworks and incentives
� Influence business and the public sector as a buyer and initiate pilot projects
� Establish a world class competence centre and corresponding information
platform for maritime battery based enterprises (within markets, innovation,
events, research, finance, regulations, and initiatives)
� Act as a point of contact between relevant international organizations (IMO,
IMarEST, NAATBat, etc.) and cooperate with relevant national organizations
(MCTW, NFB, etc.)
� Discussion forum with member meetings twice per year. A meeting place where
government representatives, members, and other invited parties can present and
discuss key issues
� Organize a yearly seminar and workshops according to needs
� Establish action plans which support the Norwegian government’s goals for
environmentally friendly shipping
� Establish and facilitate working groups with specific mandates
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DNV GL © 2015-04-24
Hybrid power systems – In a nut shell
� Good investment
� Improved ship responsiveness, regularity and
safety
� Increased robustness
– Increases in fuel prices
– Changes to stricter environmental regulations
� Improved environmental profile and reputation
� Acquired competence in a future oriented
technology
� Decision support tools are available
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