Hydel Power Plant

Hydel Power PlantSubmitted to :- Submitted by :-Mrs. Sangeeta Maheshwari Vinayak Dev Sharma X A Roll No. 33

Hydel EnergyThe energy possessed by flowing or falling water is called hydel energy.Earlier, the energy of flowing water was used for rotating the water wheels which drive water mills to grind wheat to make flour.Nowadays, energy of flowing water is used to generate electricity. This is done by establishing hydro power plants.

What Is Hydroelectricity Hydroelectricity is a renewable energy source of energy that uses the power of flowing water to spin water turbines which then generates electricity.

3 Hydel Power PlantA power plant that produces electricity by using flowing water to rotate a turbine which drives the generator is called hydel power plant.

Components Of Hydel Power PlantDamWater reservoirSluice gatesThe penstockWater turbinesGeneratorsPower houseTailrace

Functions of components of hydel power plant Dams- Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water Classification of dams:-Storage dams To impound water (irrigation, flood control, power generation).Diversion dams To provide sufficient pressureDetention dams To minimize the effect of sudden floods & to trap sediments.Overflow dams They carry water discharge over their crest.Rockfill dams Holds back water by the force of gravity acting upon their mass.

Functions of components of hydel power plantWater reservoir It is used to store lake or river waterSluice gates Controlling flow of waterThe penstock It carries the water to the turbine.Turbines It converts kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy.Generators It converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.Powerhouse It stores & supplies electricity for household & commercial purposes.Tailrace It drains waterWorking principle of hydel power plant

The water flowing in the river possesses two type of energy: the kineticenergy due to flow of water and potential energy due to the height of water. In hydroelectricpower plants or dams potential energy of water is utilized to generate electricity.

How hydel power plant worksWater from the reservoir flows due to gravity to drive the turbine.Turbine is connected to a generator.A water turbine converts the energy of flowing or falling water into mechanical energy that drives a generator, which generates electrical power. This is a heart of hydropower power plant.A control mechanism to provide stable electrical power. Electrical transmission line delivers the power to its destination.

Animated video of working of hydel power plant

Sizes of Hydropower PlantsPico hydroelectric plantUp to 10kW, remote areas away from the gridMicro hydroelectric plant Capacity 10kW to 300kW, usually provided power for small community or rural industry in remote areas away from the gridSmall hydroelectric plant Capacity 300kW to 1MWMini hydroelectric plant Capacity above 1MWMedium hydroelectric plant15 - 100 MW usually feeding a gridLarge hydroelectric plantMore than 100 MW feeding into a large electricity grid

Advantages of hydel power plantsHydroelectricity is a renewable source of energy.It is eco friendly & does not harm the environment.It is cheap and does not produces harmful gases or toxic wastes.It helps in preventing floods and drought conditions.It helps in irrigation and water management.

Disadvantages of hydel power plantDams Disrupt River Flows Dams Block Fish and Wildlife Migration Large areas of land, human settlement, flora and fauna gets submerged in the water of reservoir formed by the dam

Disadvantages of hydel power plantThe vegetation which is submerged under water at the dam site rots under anaerobic conditions and produces large amount of greenhouse gases like methane. Dams Degrade Temperature and Water Quality Large eco systems are destroyed when land is submerged under the water of reservoir of dam