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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 1
Hydraulic energy convertersPumps and motors
There is a geometrical volume hich is in principle displaced! V g
The ideal "geometrical# $lo rate is! Q g %n·V g
There are other e$$ects hich reduce the $lo rate!
Qc & compressi'ility
Qe & gas and vapour enclosures
⇒ Q r %Q &Qc &Qe
'ut these are neglected in the practice.
In reality there are lea(ages! Q %η vol )Q g
*eneral!
Q
+ p Q g
n1 , n2
Q
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 2
M
n
M mot
M f
M th M m- M i
Hydraulic energy convertersPumps and motors
M
n
M pump
M f M m- M
i
M th
Pump otor
osses! m & mechanical $ & $riction i & inertial
egree o$ irregularity!
pV
M pQ M P g th g thth ∆⋅=⇒∆⋅=⋅=π
ω 2
i f mth M M M M M +++= ( )i f mth M M M M M ++−=
avQ
QQ minma −=δ
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 3
Hydraulic pumps and motorsPump types!
*ear Pumps
4$$ centeredinternal gear
pump
enteredinternalgear
pump /gerotor
pump
Scre pump
7ane pump
(forgóvezérlőpályás,külső beömlésű)
(állóvezérlőpályás, külsőbeömlésű)
8adial Piston Pumps
9 ternalgear pump
: ial Piston Pumps
Tilting 'loc(
Stationarycylinder
'loc(
8otatingcylinder
'loc(
Tiltingcam plate
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems ;
Hydraulic pumps and motorsotor types!Properties:• generally ig spee!
(n" #$$%&$'$$$ min %&)• lo spee! ig tor *e %+ -.
(n" $,#%&'$$$ min %&)
/ear motor
/erotor motor
0ane motor
1a!ial piston motor
2nternal ra!ial piston motor itm*ltiple stroke
3ent a4is piston motor
tan!ing s aft, m*ltiplestroke
tan!ing o*sing, m*ltiplestroke
.ilting 5am plate 6 s asplate
74ial piston motors
8ogazot
t%gyűrűsvagybolygókerekesmotor
1a!iál%!*gatty9s motor belső!*gatty9 támasztással
.öbblöketű ra!iál%!*gatty9s motor külső!*gatty9 támasztással
74iál!*gatty9s motor fer!e tengelyeskivitelben
llótengelyes többlöketűa4iál!*gatty9s motor
lló ázas többlöketűa4iál!*gatty9s motor
74iál!*gatty9s motor fer!etár5sáskivitelben
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 5
Gear pumps
*ear pumps $unction!elivery is done 'y the $act that less
volume is enclosed in the room 'et eenthe teeth than delivered at the outeredge.
The geometrical displacement volume is
the di$$erence o$ the t o.
here R is the outer radiusr is the radius o$ the last contact point<b is the 'readth<= is the num'er o$ teethm is the module
is a pro$ile constant
Rr
( ) #2"2or; 2 x z mbV r Rr bV g g +⋅⋅⋅=−⋅⋅⋅= π π
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7/872005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems A
Gear motorsBunction!
8ela!at*k• i!ra*lik*s energiát me5 anikai energiává
alak;tanak• nyomás ⇐ fa
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8/872005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems D
!cre" pumps
Properties $unction!
arger losses 'ecause o$ a longer path larger $riction
High costs 'ecause o$ lo tolerances sensitivity to viscosity
s! pitch
a $lo rate! 3000 l/s
a pressure! 1A0 'ar η % 0 65 0 A
There are no scre motors
@o pulsations no noise continuous operation
( )
−⋅⋅−−=
;
2sin
360;
222 α α π π s # sd #V g
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9/872005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems >
Vane pumps
Pump types!
a# Single acting & displacement volume adEusta'le '# ou'le acting & displacement volume constant
$or single acting pumps s is the thic(ness o$ the vanes
# ! ma imum diameter o$ theinner curve
d ! minimum diameter o$ theinner curve
a# '#
7anes can 'e pressed against circum$erence 'y springs or 'y pressure
$or multiple acting pumps
$ ! num'er o$ the e centricity 'ulges "usually 2#
( ) s z #ebV g ⋅−= π 2
( ) −⋅⋅−−⋅⋅= 2;22 d # z b$ d #$ bV g π
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Radial piston pumps
Pump types!o ith valve
ithout valve
• The sha$t and the e centric rotate the rest is stationary. There
are t o valves. There is a semicircular slit here the $luid canenter into the cylinder.• any di$$erent $orms• a Q! 600 l/min ma ∆ p! 630 'ar η % 0 D 0 >
Here ith valve!
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Radial piston pumps
Properties!
• ong li$e lo ear 'ecause o$ good lu'rication• Higher noise uneven delivery• Sensitive to contamination• 9 centricity can 'e governed over 0 too
• Bor motor applications mostly at lo speed 1 10 rpm• 8elative 'ul(y
z ed
V g ⋅⋅⋅= 2;
2π
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%!H motorsonstruction o$ one stro(e radial piston motors!
+ -. egylöketű ra!iál!*gatty9s motorokfelép;tése
8adial piston motors o$ 8 type@1 t;p*s9 ra!iál!*gatty9s motorok
8ontos $$$ Cm%ig
Important properties!isplacement 10 D500 cm 3a . pressure 300 'ar
Speed 0 5 2000 min 1
a . torCue to 32000 @m
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&xial piston pumps
Pump types!Tilting cam plane
• ompact small eight• *ood e$$iciency• ong li$e•
Gsed more as motors than as pumps• an 'e governed through 0 e change o$ delivery direction
• V g is o$ten adEusta'le 'y the angle
• ' % 0 D 0 >< (p max % 315 'ar< Qmax % 1200 l/min
Tilting 'loc(
Properties!
;tan
2π α
d # z V $ g ⋅⋅⋅=
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&xial piston pumps
:dEusting mechanisms
V
s
The V g and thus Q can 'e governed or controlledthrough various mechanisms!
a# *overning mechanisms!• echanical "'y hand#
• 9lectromechanical "'y electromotor#• hydraulic
In all the three cases it has to 'e ensured that the ma imum angle ordisplacement is not overstepped.
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&xial piston pumps:dEusting mechanisms "cont.#
'# ontrol mechanisms!• ero displacement control "energy saving#! provides e actly the
necessary $lo rate hich covers the lea(age $lo
• Pressure control! provides a constant pressure independently o$ 7 g
• Blo control! provides a constant $lo rate can use 7 g or ncontrol
• Po er control! provides a constant po er "more complicated#
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17/872005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 1A
)ig pictures
9nd o$ normal presentationeginning o$ 'ig pictures
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18/872005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 1D
Pump types
9 ternal gear pump
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19/872005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 1>
Pump types
4$$ centered internal gear pump
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20/872005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 20
Pump types
entered internal gear pump / gerotor pump
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Pump types
Scre pump
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Pump types
7ane pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 23
Pump types
8adial piston pump ith stationary cylinder 'loc(
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 2;
Pump types
8adial piston pump ith rotating cylinder 'loc(
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 25
Pump types
: ial piston pump ith tilting 'loc(
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 26
Pump types
: ial piston pump ith tilting cam plate
d l
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 2A
Hydraulic motor types
*ear motor
d li
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 2D
Hydraulic motor types
*erotor motor
H d li
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 2>
Hydraulic motor types
7ane motor
H d li
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 30
Hydraulic motor types
8adial piston motor
H d li
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 31
Hydraulic motor types
Internal radial piston motor ith multiple stro(e
H d li t t
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 32
Hydraulic motor types
ent a is piston motor
H d li t t
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 33
Hydraulic motor types
: ial piston motor ith tilting cam plate
H d li t t
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 3;
Hydraulic motor types
: ial piston motor ith $i ed sha$t multiple stro(e
H d li t t
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 35
Hydraulic motor types
: ial piston pump ith $i ed housing multiple stro(e
*xternal gear pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 36
*xternal gear pump
Bunction! Aülsőfogazás9 fogaskerékszivatty9műkö!ése
/>, /? és /D t;p*s9 fogaskerék%szivatty9k8ontos
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 3A
*xternal gear pump
onstruction
*xternal gear pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 3D
*xternal gear pump
onstruction
+nternal gear pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 3>
+nternal gear pump
Bunction 3elsőfogazás9 fogaskerékszivatty9műkö!ése
tabil i!ra*likábanalkalmazzák'• ala5sony za
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems ;0
+nternal gear pump
onstruction
1 Housing 2 Blange 3 Sha$t ith e ternal
tooth gear
; Internal tooth
gear
+nternal gear pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems ;1
+nternal gear pump
onstruction
Gear pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems ;2
Gear pump
Bunction
Rr
Gear motor
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems ;3
Gear motor
onstruction
Gear motor
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems ;;
Gear motor
onstruction
!cre" pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems ;5
!cre pump
Vane pumps+apátos szivatty9k
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems ;6
Vane pumps
ou'le acting
apátos s vatty9műkö!ése
H' lapát mögött nyomás B' kenés miatt kettős lapát I' orony a lapát5s95s oz
>' kétszeresene45entrik*s gyűrű
?' sz;vás kez!ete D' ma4imális térfogat #' kiszor;tás
E' kettős löket
ac(
9llipticalcam ring ou'le
stro(e
Start o$ suction a imal displacement ischarge
Pressure 'ehind the
vaneual vane $or
lu'ricationham$er to the
vane top
A A1 FF <
Vane pumps+apátos szivatty9kfelép;tése
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems ;A
Vane pumps
Single acting
Aözvetlen vezérlésű szárnylapátos szivatty9
Aözvetlen vezérlésű (bal) és elővezérelt (
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems ;D
Vane pump
9lliptical cam ring
Vane pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems ;>
Vane pump
Start o$ suction
Vane pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 50
Vane pump
a imal displacement
Vane pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 51
Vane pump
ischarge
Vane pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 52
Vane pump
ou'le stro(e
Vane pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 53
Va e pu p
Pressure 'ehind the vane
Vane pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 5;
p p
ual vane $or lu'rication
Vane pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 55
p p
ham$er to the vane top
A A1 FF <
Vane pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 56
p p
8otor and vanes
Vane pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 5A
p p
irect controlled "le$t# and pressure compensated"right# vane pump
Vane pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 5D
p p
irect controlled vane pump
Vane pump
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 5>
p p
onstruction
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Radial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 61
Jith internal eccentric sha$t 1a!iál%!*gatty9s szivatty9 belső!*gatty9támasztással
Radial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 62
Jor(ing phases
Radial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 63
8adial piston pumps o$ 8; type
Radial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 6;
Pulsation o$ the $lo rate ith 1 2 3 ; pump elements
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Radial piston motors
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 66
SHT motor o$ 8 type
Radial piston motors
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 6A
SHT motor o$ 8 type
Radial piston motors
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 6D
SHT motoro$ 8 type
&xial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 6>
: ial piston pumps ith tilting cam plate Principle o$ operation
7 fer!e tár5sa elve állan!ó vagy változtat ató billenési szöggel
ll;t ató térfogatáram9 szivatty9 elektromos%i!ra*lik*s áll;tással, for!*latszám%függő
szabályozássalés ráép;tett segé!szivatty9val
7aria'le displacement a ial piston pumpith speed dependent electro hydraulic
adEustment and 'ooster motor Principle o$ tilting cam plate ith $i ed and varia'leangle
&xial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems A0
: ial piston pumps ith tilting cam platell;t ató szivatty9 zárt körfolyamat oz,
7D0/ t;p*s
ll;t ató szivatty9 nyitott körfolyamat oz,7&$0J t;p*s
onstructions
ac(
:dEusta'le pump $or opencircuit :1074 type
:dEusta'le pump $or closecircuit :;7* type
&xial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems A1
Jith tilting cam plate
&xial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems A2
Jith tilting cam plate
&xial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems A3
Jith tilting cam plate
&xial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems A;
Jith tilting cam plate
&xial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems A5
rive sha$tPistons
Piston sur$aceStro(e lengtham plate
:ngleylinder 'arrel
Port plate
4utlet port
Inlet port
&xial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems A6
Pump types! : ial piston pumps ith tilting cam plane
&xial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems AA
Jith tilting cam plate
&xial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems AD
: ial piston pumps ith tilting 'loc(
llan!ó folya!ékszáll;tás9 egység k9pos
!*gatty9s a
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems A>
: ial piston pumps ith tilting 'loc( onstructions
8er!e tengelyű, k9pos!*gatty9s a8 t;p*s9 állan!ó térfogatáram9 egység(a billenési szög rögz;tett), mint szivatty9vagy motor nyitottés zárt körfolyamok oz
7H0J t;p*s9 változtat ató térfogatáram9egység (a billenési szög áll;t ató), mintszivatty9
nyitott körfolyamokban
ent a is piston pumpmade ith ;0K angletechnology $i ed
angle
:dEusta'le pump o$:A74 type $or opencircuit
Bi ed $lo rate pump o$:2B type $or open orclosed circuit "also asmotor#
ac(
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&xial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems D1
Jith tilting 'loc(
&xial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems D2
Jith tilting 'loc(
&xial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems D3
Jith tilting 'loc(
&xial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems D;
Jith tilting 'loc(
&xial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems D5
Jith tilting 'loc(
&xial piston pumps
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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems D6
Jith tilting 'loc(
&xial piston pumps
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Jith tilting 'loc(