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FABRICATION OF HYDRAULIC FORKLIFT
Submitted byAJMAL ABDUL JABBAR (090111804002)
BIJESH V.D. (090111804012)FARIS K. (090111804018)
Project GuideMr. N.GURUMOORTHY
ASST. PROFESSORDEPT. OF MECHANICAL ENGG.
THE KAVERY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
ANNA UNIVERSITY COIMBATORE 641047APRIL 2012
ABSTRACTFLUID POWERAPPLICATIONSFORKLIFTCONSTRUCTIONWORKINGMATERIALS USEDADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
FLUID POWERA fluid power system is defined as a
means of power transmission in which a relatively incompressible fluid is used as the power transmitting media
The primary purpose of fluid power system is the transfer of energy from one location to another and this energy into useful work
TYPES OF FLUID POWERThere are mainly two types of fluid power systems:
Hydraulic Power System( employing liquids)Pneumatic Power System(employing air)
PASCAL’S LAWPascal’s law states that the pressure
applied anywhere to a confined liquid is transmitted equally to every portion of the surface of the containing vessel. When a force is applied to the liquid by a piston, the liquid transmits this force equally to all surfaces of the container.
FORKLIFTWHAT IS A FORKLIFT?
A forklift truck (also called a lift truck, a fork truck, a forklift, or a tow-motor) is a powered industrial truck used to lift and transport materials
WHY USE FORKLIFT?To reduce the human effortTo make the work easy and simpleTo reduce the time taken
COMPONENTSHYDRAULIC CYLINDERPUMPSTRUCTUREARMWHEELSHYDRAULIC FLUID
HYDRAULIC CYLINDERThey convert the pressure energy of fluid into mechanical output to perform useful work
The fluid power is converted into straight line reciprocating motion
ARMIt is made by joining pieces of steel and made into a frame
The arm is used to load the objects on it
HYDRAULIC FLUIDHydraulic fluids, also called hydraulic liquids,
are the medium by which power is transferred in hydraulic machinery
Common hydraulic fluids are based on mineral oil or water
The primary function of a hydraulic fluid is to convey power
In use, however, there are other important functions of hydraulic fluid such as protection of the hydraulic machine components
WHY PREFER HYDRAULCS OVER PNEUMATICS?The force required to accelerate oil is many
times greater than that required to accelerate an equal volume of air
Liquids also exhibit greater viscosity than gases. This results in larger frictional pressure
Due to compressibility of air, it is impossible to obtain a precise control of actuator velocities in pneumatic systems
NAME OF THE COMPONENTS MATERIALS QTY.
Hydraulic pump(linear type pump) Steel 1
Cylinder M.S rod 1
Piston M.S with chromium 1
Ram M.S rod 1
Spring M.S 1
Nipple M.S rod 1
End plateM.S plate 1
Hydraulic fluid SAE 40 Oil -
Structure M.S.Plate 1
WORKING PRINCIPLEThe hydraulic cylinder consists of a hollow
tube sealed at one end with a movable, lubricated piston fitting into the other
The hydraulic fluid is present inside the cylinder which acts as the force medium for this operation
It enters the bottom of the cylinder through a special "one way" valve that allows fluid to enter without leaking back out
WORKING PRINCIPLE(Contd.)After fork lift is loaded, the pump is pumped
in order to actuate the hydraulic cylinder As the amount of oil in the cylinder
increases, so does the pressure inside itThis pressure, applied across the area of the
piston head, results in a net upward forceThis upward push causes the piston to move
up, which increases the volume of the fluid and decreases the pressure
S.NO COMPONENT QUANTITYMATERIAL
USEDCOST(RS)
1 Hydraulic pump 1 M.S 3200
2
Cylinder &Internal
structure and
machining work
- 3000
3 Hydraulic fluid 1 - 350
4 Moving Ram 1 M.S 1000
TOTAL 7550
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESThe process uses low-
cost energy sourceLarge machines frames
are not required on the process
No extra skill is required for operating this system
Easier maintenanceLess loss in power
transmission
Machining work is very complicated
Very sturdy base neededHydraulics components
cost is high
CONCLUSIONThus we are able to reduce the effort and
time taken by manual operation using forkliftAlso there is less vibration when compared to
other mechanisms and therefore even fragile materials can be easily handled