HYDRAUUC ENGINEERINGVOLUME 2

Proceedings of the 1993 Conference

Sponsored by theHydraulics Division of theAmerican Society of Civil Engineers

in cooperation with theEnvironmental Engineering DivisionIrrigation and Drainage DivisionWater Resources Planning and Management DivisionWaterway Port Coastal and Ocean Divisionof ASCE

Organization CommitteeS.T. Su, Conference/Symposium General ChairmanHsieh Wen Chen, Conference Technical Program ChairmanChin Y. Kuo, Symposium Technical Program Chairman

Hydraulics Division Program CommitteeS.T. Su, ChairmanGeorge V. Cotroneo, Vice ChairmanWilliam Espey, SecretaryMarshall Jennings, Past Chairman

Hydraulics Division Executive CommitteeSteven R. Abt, ChairmanEdward R. Holly, Vice ChairmanDavid S. Biedenharn, SecretaryCatalino B. Cecilio, MGD RepresentativeArlen D. FeldmanLinda S. Weiss, New Correspondent

San Francisco, CaliforniaJuly 25-30,1993

Edited by Hsieh Wen Shen, S.T. Su, and FengWen

UB/TIB Hannover 89Published by theAmerican Society of Civil Engineers345 East 47th StreetNew York, New York 10017-2398

Mass Transport in Mud Layer Induced By Wave ActionISMAEL PIEDRA CUEVA, Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Env.Engineering, Uruguay 1189

Sediment Disposal and Transport in Central SF BayTHOMAS H. WAKEMAN, A.E. MATHIESEN andG. W. CHATFIELD, US Army Corps of Engineers 1194

Shape Effect on Bedload Transport in PipesC. NALLURI and A. A. GHANI, Department of Civil Engineering,University of Newcastle upon Tyne 1200

FIELD TRIP TO SAUSALITO US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS'BAY MODEL

Organized by S.T. SU, Harza Kaldveer

SESSION BS-6COASTAL AND TIDAL BRIDGE SCOUR

Moderator: J. MORRIS, Federal Highway Administration, and B. EDGE,Edge and Associates

Scour at Highway Structures in Tidal WatersE. V. RICHARDSON, J. R. RICHARDSON, Resource Consultants &Engineers, Inc., and B. EDGE, Edge & Associates 1206

Model Technology for Estimating Storm-Inducing CurrentsMARY A. CIALONE and H. LEE BUTLER, Coastal EngineeringResearch Center, US Army Engineer Waterway Experiment Station 1212

Indian River Inlet: Is There A Solution?H. LEE BUTLER and JEFF LILLYCROP, Coastal Engineering ResearchCenter, US Army Engineers Waterway Experiment Station 1218

Bridge Hydraulic Design in Tidal SituationsC. R. NEILL and E. K. YAREMKO, Northwest HydraulicConsultants, Ltd 1224

McCormick Bridge Scour Evaluation—A Case Study of A Tidal BridgeMICHAEL P. MARONEY, Browwell & Carrier, Inc 1230

A Tidal Inlet Bridge Scour Assessment ModelM.S. VINCENT and MARK A. ROSS, Center for Modeling Hydrologicand Aquatic Systems, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University ofSouth Florida 1 2 3 6

SESSION CA-3COMPUTER APPLICATION HI

Moderator: D. FREAD, National Weather Service, and J.Y. LU, NationalChung-Hsing University

A Mathematical Model of Flow in Mildly Sinuous, Deep ChannelsAMARTYA KUMAR BHATTACHARYA, and SRIJIB K. KAR,Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology 1242

Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Modeling with a ComputerGraphics System

DANIEL H. HOGGAN and D.E. TWISS, Hydraulic Design Section,U.S. Army Engineer District, Sacramento 1248

Numerical Modeling of Unsteady Compound Channel FlowR.S.M.M. RASHID and M. HANIF CHAUDHRY, Dept. of Civil andEnvironmental Engineering, Washington State University 1254

"Halloween" Wave Transformation at Virginia CoastJEROME P.-Y. MAA, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, School ofMarine Science, College of William and Mary 1260

Use of Floodplain PCB Concentrations to Calibrate a RiverHydraulics Model

JAMES M. HASSETT and LEONARD T. WRIGHT, Division ofEnvironmental and Resource Engineering, SUNY-CESF 1266

SESSION DF-1OVERVIEW, RESEARCH NEEDS, AND PROCESSES

Moderator: C.L. CHENG, U.S. Geological Survey, and P.A. CARLING, Instituteof Freshwater Ecology

* Assessment and Prediction of Debris-Flow HazardsGERALD F. WIECZOREK, U.S. Geological Survey,Geologic Division 1272

Research Needs for Debris Flow Disaster PreventionTIMOTHY R.H. DAVIES, Dept. of Natural Resources Engr.,Lincoln University 1284

Debris Flows in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona: Magnitude,Frequency and Effects on the Colorado River

T.S. MELIS and ROBERT H. WEBB, U.S. Geological Survey 1290Debris Flows and Mass Wasting in Volcanic Torrents

HIROSHI SUWA, Disaster Prevention Research Institute,Kyoto University 1296

Interpreting Debris-Flow Hazard from Study of Fan MorphologyKELIN X. WHIPPLE, Dept. of Geological Sciences, Universityof Washington 1302

SESSION EH-5FISH SCREEN

Moderator: S. TU, PG&E, and WHITMAN, National Marine Fishery

Hydraulic Modelling of Fish ScreensA. JACOB ODGAARD, Y. WANG, and R.A. ELDER, Institute ofHydraulic Research, University of Iowa 1308

Fish Screen Developments Columbia River DamsD.E. WEITKAMP and REX A. ELDER, Parametrix, Inc 1314

Hydraulic Aspects of a Low-Velocity, Inclined Fish ScreenFREDERICK A. LOCHER, VICTOR C. BIRD andA. JACOB ODGAARD, Bechtel Corp 1320

Survival of Atlantic Salmon Smolts Bypassed Through Ice-Log SluicesDetermined by the HI-Z Turb'N Tag

PAUL G. HEISEY, DILIP MATHUR, G. A. NARDACCI andMILTON ANDERSON, RMC Environmental Services, Inc 1326

Ask Young Clupeids if Kaplan Turbines Are Revolving Doorsor Blenders

DILIP MATHUR and PAUL HEISEY, RMC EnvironmentalServices, Inc 1332

SESSION HS-9CHANNEL WORKS AND DRAINAGE

Moderator: R.H. FRENCH, Desert Research Institute, and K.C. YIH, NationalChiao Tung University

Regulation of Flow Downstream of WeirsBOUALEM HADJERIOUA, TONY RIZK, EMMETT M. LAURSENand GARY HAUSER, Dept. of Civil Eng. & Eng. Mech., Universityof Arizona 1338

Flow Resistance Properties of Flexible LiningsGEORGE K. COTTON, CRSS Civil Engineers, Inc 1344

Calculon Weir Structure—Effective Use of GabionsJOHN G. HARM AN, Progressive Engineering Consultants, Inc 1350

Storm Drainage Channel RehabilitationMARK S. HOLSTAD and KENNETH W. WYLIE, Greiner, Inc 1355

Determination of Hydraulic Roughness for Concrete-Lined,Supercritical Channels

SCOTT E. STONESTREET, M.E. MULVIHILL andRONALD R. COPELAND, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1361

SESSION BS-7COUNTERMEASURES FOR STREAM INSTABILITY AND SCOUR IModerator: L. HARRISON, Resource Consultants & Engineers, Inc., and

J.R. RICHARDSON, Resource Consultants & Engineers, Inc.

Cable-Tied Concrete Block Erosion ProtectionJ.A. MCCORQUODALE, A MOAWAD and AC. MCCORQUODALE,Dept. of Civil Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor 1367

A Method of Managing Floating DebrisSELDEN SAUNDERS and M. LEONARD OPPENHEIMER, SaundersProduct Development 1373

The Influence of Protective Material on Local Scour DimensionsLISA M. FOTHERBY, Colorado State University 1379

Tetrapods as a Scour CountermeasureDAVID BERTOLDI and ROGER KILGORE, GKY & Associates, Inc. 1385

Variations Encountered in Design Analysis of Local Scour atDrop Structures

NOEL E. BORMANN and MICHAEL ZELLER, Dept. of CivilEngineering, Gonzaga University 1391

Threats to Bridge Stability from Scour Related Failures ofDrop Structures

NOEL E. BORMANN, Gonzaga University, and MICHAEL ZELLER,Simons, Li and Associates 1397

SESSION DF-2MECHANICS, RHEOLOGY, AND RHEOMETRY

Moderator: C.C. MEI, M.I.T., and J.S. O'BRIEN, FLO Engineering, Inc.

Mechanics of Debris FlowsSTUART B. SAVAGE, Dept. of Civil Engineering & AppliedMechanics, McGill University 1402

Kinetic-Theory Approach to the Nevado del Ruis 1985 Debris FlowJUAN A. GARCIA and STUART B. SAVAGE, Dept. of CivilEngineering & Applied Mechanics, McGill University 1408

Continuum-Mechanics-Based Rheological Formulation for Debris FlowCHENG-LUNG CHEN and C.H. LIN, U.S. Geological Survey, WaterResources Division 1414

Rheometry of Natural Sediment SlurriesJON J. MAJOR, U.S. Geological Survey 1415

SESSION EH-6TRANSPORT AND DISPERSION I

Moderator: R. KELLER, Monash University, and P. RYAN, Bechtel

Salt Transport in a Tidal Canal, West Neck Creek, VirginiaJERAD D. BALES and S.C. SKROBIALOWSKI, U.S.Geological Survey 1422

Hydrodynamic and Toxic Contaminant Dispersion in the Lower St.Marys River

EM. YUEN, and J.A. MCCORQUODALE, Civil EngineeringDepartment, Lawrence Technological University 1428

Modeling Low Flow Transport of Nonconservative Pollutantsin Streams

IL WON SEO and DAE YOUNG YU, Department of Civil Engineering,Seoul National University 1434

Wind Induced Circulation in Shallow LakesIAN P. KING, PARMESHWAR L. SHRESTHA andGERALD T. ORLOB, Department of Civil Engineering, University ofCalifornia, Davis 1440

Prediction of Filtrate Turbidity by Parameter EstimationSADATAKA SHIBA, Department of Chemical Engineering,Osaka University 1446

SESSION HM-1HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENT I

Moderator: A.C. MILLER, Pennsylvania State University, and P.D. SCARLATOS,Florida Atlantic University

Repeatability and Oblique Flow Response Characteristics ofCurrent Meters

JANICE M. FULFORD, K.G. THIBODEAUX and W.R. KAEHRLE,U.S. Geological Survey 1452

Bed Shear Stress in Unsteady Open-Channel FlowsIEHISA NEZU, H. NAKAGAWA, Y. ISHIDA and A. KADOTA,Department of Civil Engineering, Kyoto University 1458

Limitations of Reduced Scale Testing of Parshall FlumesSTEVEN J. WRIGHT, Department of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering, University of Michigan 1464

Urban Storm Water Instrumentation: a Field ObservationR. BRAD JENNINGS, USEPA Water Management Div 1470

Water-Level, Velocity and Dye Measurements in the Chicago TunnelsK.A. OBERG and A.R. SCHMIDT, U.S. Geological Survey, WaterResources Division 1476

SESSION HS-IOHYDRAULIC STRUCTURES I

Moderator: B.K. LEE, Harza Engineering Company

A Simple and Reliable Method for Analysis of WaterSupply Distribution

TSUN-HOU KUAN, Public Works City of Los Angeles 1482Friction Loss Equations for Hydropower Facilities

ED A. TOMS, E. JUNE BUSSE and C.A. THOMPSON, ATCEngineering Consultants, Inc. (ECI) 1488

Development of Enhanced Tools for the Integrated Analysis ofReservoir and Power System Operations

BARBARA MILLER, P. OSTROWSKI, JR. and VAHID ALAVIAN,TVA Engineering Laboratory 1494

Hydraulic Modeling of High Unit Discharge Energy DissipatorsDAVID R. MOORE, DONALD H. BURN, PHILIP D. WANG andDENNIS E. LEMKE, Department of Civil Engineering, Universityof Manitoba 1500

Model Study of Center Hill Fuse Plug SpillwayBOBBY P. FLETCHER and PAUL A. GILBERT, HydraulicsLaboratory, US Army Engineers Waterways Experiment Station 1505

SESSION ST-8SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MECHANISM III

Moderator: N.G. BHOWMIK, Illinois State Water Survey, and R. MACARTHUR,Resource Consultants & Engineers, Inc.

An Application of Nonhomogeneous Poisson Process in SedimentInfiltration into Gravel Bed

FU-CHUN WU, H.W. SHEN, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University ofCalifornia, Berkeley 1511

Variation of Froude Number with Discharge forLarge-Gradient Streams

KENNETH L. WAHL, U.S. Geological Survey, WaterResources Division 1517

Prediction of Gravel Transport Using Parker's AlgorithmDAVID R. DAWDY and WEN C. WANG, Consultant 1523

Sacramento River Environmental RequirementsW. CRAIG GAINES, US Army Corps of Engineers,Sacramento District 2383

SESSION BS-8COUNTERMEASURES FOR STREAM INSTABILITY AND SCOUR II

Moderator: W. LINDSEY, CALTRANS, and J.R. RICHARDSON, ResourcesConsultants & Engineers, Inc.

Emergent Techniques in Scour Monitoring DevicesJ. R. RICHARDSON, Resource Consultants & Engineers, Inc., andJ. Price, ETI, Inc 1529

Riprap Design at Bridges-Factor of Safety ApproachGEORGE K. COTTON, Cess Civil Engineers, Inc. 1534

Riprap Coverage Around Bridge PiersJAMES F. RUFF and JAMES R. NICKELSON, ColoradoState University 1540

Predicting Critical Scour Stage At BridgesJOHN N. PAINE, DARRELL KIM BEATLEY, Espey, Huston & Assoc.Inc., and JAMES N. WIGFIELD, Virginia DOT 1546

Riprap Incipent Motion and Shield's ParameterROGER T. KILGORE and G.K. YOUNG, GKY and Associates 1552

Scour Retrofit Case Studies for ArizonaGEORGE K. COTTON and JIRI VITEK, CRSS Civil Engineers, Inc. . . 1558

SESSION CA-4EDUCATION IN COMPUTATIONAL HYDRAULICS

Moderator: N.D. KATOPODES, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University of Michigan

Applicability of Two Simplified Flood Routing Methods: Level-Pool andMuskingum-Cunge

D.L. FREAD and K.S. HSU, U.S. Department of Commerce, NationalOceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service . . . . 1564

Selection of Ax and At Computational Steps for Four-Point ImplicitNonlinear Dynamic Routing Models

D.L. FREAD and J.M. LEWIS, National Weather Service 1569Advanced HEC-2 Modeling on Forester Creek

L.T.M. VOMERO, WEST Consultants, Inc 1574Modeling Critical Depth in Open Channels

ROBERT G. TRAVER, Dept. of Civil Engineering,Villanova University 1580

A Numerical Model for Learning Concepts of Streamflow SimulationL.L. DELONG, U.S. Geological Survey 1586

SESSION DF-3ANALYSIS, SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTS

Moderator: S.B. SAVAGE, McGill University, and T. TAKAHASHI, DisasterPrevention Research Institute

A Comparison Between Two Kinematic Wave Solutions for Movementof Debris Flows

M. ARATTANO and WILLIAM Z. SAVAGE, U.S. Geological Survey,Geologic Division 1592

Roll Waves in Mud FlowCO. NG and CHIANG C. MEI, Dept. of Civil and EnvironmentalEngineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1598

Friction in Debris Flows: Inferences from Large-ScaleFlume Experiments

RICHARD M. IVERSON and R.G. LAHUSEN, U.S. GeologicalSurvey, David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory 1604

Analysis of Pulsing Phenomenon in Viscous Debris FlowWAN ZHAOHUI and HUA JINGSHEN, Dept. of SedimentationEngineering, Institute of Water Conservancy and HydroelectricPower Research 1610

A Study on Debris Flow SurgesZHAOYIN WANG, Institute of Water Conservancy and HydroelectricPower Research, China 1616

SESSION EH-7TRANSPORT AND DISPERSION II

Moderator: G. ORLOB, University of California, Davis, and K. NG Bechtel

Comparisons Between Experimental and Numerical Studies on LaminarFlow with Tracer Transport

CHRISTIAN FORKEL, HELMUT DANIELS, JENS BIRKHOLZER andGERHARD ROUVE, Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and WaterResources Management, Aachen University of Technology 1622

Comparison of Advective Transport Algorithms with an Application inSuisun Bay

JON BURAU, STEPHEN MONISMITH and JEFFREY KOSEFF,Environmental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Stanford University 1628

An Optimization Approach to River AdjustmentsROBERT MILLAR and MICHAEL QUICK, Department of CivilEngineering, University of British Columbia 1635

Gully Intrusion on Reclaimed Disposal SitesSCOTT A. HOGAN, C.J. PANLEY, S.R. ABT and T.L. JOHNSON,Engineering Research Center, Colorado State University 1641

Sediment Deposition in Jennings Randolph Reservoir, Maryland andWest Virginia

MARGARET M. BURNS and ROBERT MACARTHUR, US ArmyCorps of Engineers I64 7

SESSION HM-2HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENT II

Moderator: Y.K. TUNG, Wyoming Water Resources Center,and G. CONTRONOC, Acres International

Laboratory Study of the Characteristics of Shallow Open Channel FlowUsing Fiber-Optic Laser Doppler Velocimetry

JAU-YAU LU and LI-CHUAN CHEN, Department of Civil Engineering,National Chung-Hsing University 1653

Distorted Physical Models for Mixing StudiesJIANLU XU and H.W. SHEN, Department of Civil Engineering,University of California, Berkeley 1659

Investigation of Saltating Particle Motions Using FlowVisualization Technique

HONG-YUAN LEE and IN-SONG HSU, Dept. of Civil Engineering andHydraulic Research Laboratory, National Taiwan University 1665

Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler for Inlet Current MeasurementsYEN-HSI CHU, M. METCALF, J.B. SMITH, T. PUCKETTE andG.K. NERSESIAN, Waterways Experiment, U.S. Army Corpsof Engineers 1671

Turbulent Velocity Fluctuations in Natural RiversNANI G. BHOWMIK and RENJIE XIA, Hydrology Division, IllinoisState Water Survey 1677

SESSION HS-11HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES I

Moderator: M.H. CHAUDHRY, Washington State University, and H.Y. LEE,National Taiwan University

Determination of Pulsating Pressures for Baldhill Dam, N.D. SpillwayBOBBY P. FLETCHER and GREG EGGERS, Hydraulics Laboratory,Waterways Experiment Station 1683

Hydraulic Model Studies of Y-BranchB. K. LEE, H. W. COLEMAN, J. H. KIM and H. I. KWON, HarzaEngineering Company 1689

Model Study of Rio Hondo Flood Control Channel LosAngeles, California

JOHN E. HITE, JR., SCOTT E. STONESTREET, and ME.MULVIHILL, Locks and Conduits Branch, Hydraulic Structures Div.,US Army Engr. Waterways Experiment Station 1695

Confirmation of Seismic Safety at Stafford DamCHRIS D. DEGABRIELE and GLEN A. ROYCROFT, North MarinWater District 1701

An Improved Method for Measuring System Performance of HydraulicInfrastructure Systems

SUE-JEN WU and RU-LIN HSU, Dept. of Hydraulic Engineering,Sinotech Engineering Consultants, Inc 1708

SESSION BS-9COMPUTER AND PHYSICAL MODELLING PROCESS ON

BRIDGE SCOURModerator: D. FROELICH, University of Kentucky, and R.T. KILGORE,

GKY & Associates

Bridge-Scour Analysis Using the Water-Surface Profile(WSPRO) Model

DAVID S. MUELLER, U.S. Geological Survey, WaterResources Division 1714

Innovations and Practical Procedures for Hydraulic Model Applicationsin Bridge Scour Evaluations

JEFFREY S. GLENN, Whitman & Howard Inc 1720Bri-Stars Model for Alluvial River Simulation

A. MOLINAS, Hydrau-Tech. Inc 1726Practical Comparison of One-Dimensional and Two-DimensionalHydraulic Analyses for Bridge Scour

M.A. PORTS, T.G. TURNER, Parsons Brinckerhoff Inc., andD.C. FROEHLICH, University of Kentucky 1732

Model Study of Local Scour Downstream Bridge PiersLAILA ABED and MM. GASSER, Hydraulics & SedimentResearch Institute 1738

Selecting Sediment Transport Equation for Scour Simulation atBridge Crossing

HOWARD H. CHANG, CARROLL HARRIS, B. LINDSAY,STEVE S. NAKAO and RAY KIA, San Diego State University 1744

Model Study of the Confluence and Wake Vortex Effect on Local ScourDownstream Bridge Pier

LAILA ABED, Water Research Center, Egypt *Effect of Fenders on Local Pier Scour

LAILA ABED and E.V. RICHARDSON, Ministry of Public Works andWater Resources, Egypt 1750

SESSION DF-4ROUTING AND MAPPING FROM INITIATION TO TERMINATION

Moderator: R.D. JARRETT, U.S. Geological Survey, and Z. WAN, Institute ofWater Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Research, China

Debris Flow Initiation and Termination in a GullyTAMOTSU TAKAHASHI, Disaster Prevention Research Institute,Kyoto University 1756

Hydraulic Modeling and Mapping of Mud and Debris FlowsJIM S. O'BRIEN, FLO Engineering, Inc 1762

•Manuscript not available at time of printing

An Empirical Model for the Volume-Change Behavior of Debris FlowsS U S A N H . C A N N O N , U . S . G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y , G e o l o g i c D i v i s i o n . . . . 1 7 6 8

Mapping Debris-Flow Hazard in Honolulu Using a DEMSTEPHEN D. ELLEN and R.K. MARK, U.S. Geological Survey,Geologic Division 1774

Prediction of Occurrence and Runoff Analysis of Debris FlowMUNEO HIRANO and T. MORIYAMA, Department of CivilEngineering, Hydraulics and Soil Mechanics, Kyushu University 1780

Sediment Deposition from Debris Flow on a Gentle and Wide SlopeH. HASHIMOTO and M. HIRANO, Dept. of Civil Engineering,Hydraulics and Soil Mechanics, Kyushu University 1786

SESSION EH-8ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Moderator: S. HUI, Bechtel, and J. LINDLEY

Integration of Environmental Management with Reservoir and PowerSystem Operations

VAHID ALAVIAN, TVA Engineering Laboratory 1792Decision Support for Predicting the Hydraulics and Water QualityCharacteristics of Natural Rivers

CHRISTIAN JOKIEL, P. RULAND and G. ROUVE, Institute forHydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, AachenUniversity of Technology 1799

Quantity and Quality of Dry Weather Flow in the Las VegasValley, Nevada

STEVE A. MIZELL and RICHARD H. FRENCH, Desert ResearchInstitute, Water Resources Center 1806

Protected Streamflow and Water UsesKRISHAN P. SINGH, Office of Surface Water Resources & SystemsAnalysis, Illinois State Water Survey 1812

SESSION HS-12HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES III

Moderator: C.H. LING, U.S. Geological Survey, and C. MENDOZA-CABRALES,Columbia University

Application of Environmental Regulations on Design of HydraulicStructures for Open Cooling Water System

JAGDISH K. VIRMANI, MAHMOOD NAGHASH andADNAN M. ALSAFFAR, Bechtel Corporation 1818

The Concept of 'Local Euler Number' as an Aid for Sizing Pitot TubesJOSE ROBERTO BONILHA, Bscola Politecnica da USP, UNICAMPUniversida de Campinas 1824

Methods for Prediction of Maximum Scour at Coastal StructuresJIMMY E. FOWLER, Coastal Engineering Research Center, U.S. ArmyEngineer Waterways Experiment Station 1830

Design of a Curved Baffle Energy Dissipation StructureR. J. BERGQUIST and CHARLES C. HUTTON, ECI 1836

Simulation of Rapid Reservoir Drawdown for Flood Control, CowlitzFalls Project

R.H.A. JANSSEN, F.A. LOCHER, Bechtel Corp 1842

SESSION BS-10FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF BRIDGE SCOUR PROCESSES I

Moderator: M.N. LANDERS, U.S. Geological Survey, andC. MENDOZA-CABRALES, Columbia University

Pier Scour on the South Saskatchewan RiverF. AHMED, MA. SABUR and D.D. ANDRES, Dept. of CivilEngineering, University of Alberta 1848

Scour At a Bridge over the Weldon River, IowaE. E. FICHER, U.S. Geological Survey 1854

Measurement of Bridge Scour At the SR-32 Crossing of the SacramentoRiver at Hamilton City, California, 1987-92

J.C. BLODGETT and CARROLL HARRIS, U.S. Geological Survey . . . 1860Estimating Bridge Scour in New York from Historical U.S. GeologicalSurvey Streamflow Measurements

G.K. BUTCH, U.S. Geological Survey 1866Relation of Local Scour to Hydraulic Properties at Selected Bridges inNew York

G.K. BUTCH, U.S. Geological Survey 1872Overmining Causes Undermining (It's a Mad Mad River)

CATHERINE CROSSETT, CALTRANS 1876Bridge Scour Prediction Methods Applicable to Streamsin Pennsylvania

DENNIS JOHNSON and ARTHUR C. MILLER, Department of CivilEngineering, Pennsylvania State University 1882

Scour Inspection Using Ground Penetrating RadarW.A. HORNE, Clough, Harbour & Associates 1888

SESSION DF-5DEBRIS FLOW

Moderator: T.R.H. DAVIS, Lincoln University, and G.F. WIECZOREK, U.S.Geological Survey

Debris Flow and Hyperconcentrated Flows—A UK perspectivePAUL A. CARLING, Institute of Freshwater Ecology,Windermere Laboratory 1894

Differentiation of Debris-Flow and Flash-Flood Deposits: Implicationsfor Paleoflood Investigations

CHRISTOPHER F. WAYTHOMAS, and ROBERT D. JARRETT, U.S.Geological Survey, Water Resources Division 1900

Time-Dependent Landslide Probability MappingRUSSELL H. CAMPBELL, and RICHARD L. BERNKNOPF, U.S.Geological Survey, Geologic Division 1902

Operation of a Real-Time Warning System for Debris Flows in the SanFrancisco Bay Area, California

RAYMOND C. WILSON, ROBERT K. MARK, andGARY BARBATO, U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division 1908

Structural and Non-Structural Debris-Flow CountermeasuresTAKAHISA MIZUYAMA, Laboratory of Erosion Control, Departmentof Forestry, Kyoto University 1914

SESSION PH-1APPLICATION IN HYDROLOGY

Moderator: F.C. WANG, Louisiana State University, and G. TABIOS, Universityof California, Berkeley

Evaluation of Hydraulic Structure Reliability Considering Uncertaintiesin Hydrologic Models

Y.K. TUNG, BING ZHAO and J.C. YANG, Wyoming Water ResourcesCenter, University of Wyoming 1920

Analysis Uncertainty of IUH of NASHJ.C. YANG, SHYH-YANN TARNG and Y.K. TUNG, Dept. of CivilEngineering, National Chiao-Tung University 1927

Hydrologic Design: Extending Traditional MethodsDELBERT D. FRANZ, Linsley, Kraeger Associates, Ltd 1933

Importance of Hydraulic-Model Uncertainty in Flood-Stage EstimationSATVINDER SINGH, CHARLES S. MELCHING, New Jersey Dept. ofEnvir. Protection and Energy 1939

Rainfall Depth-Duration-Frequency Analysis For Major CitiesIn Taiwan

BAOLIN WU, MING-HSI HSU, V. YIH, S. KING and CM. WU,Contra Costa County Flood Control District 1945

SESSION HS-13HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES V

Moderator: M.E. JENNINGS, U.S. Geological Survey, and W. ESPEY,Espey Houston

Large-Scale Embankment Overtopping Protection TestsKATHLEEN H. FRIZELL and JAMES F. RUFF, U.S. Bureauof Reclamation 1951

Progressive Failure of an Overtopped EmbankmentGHASSAN ALQASER and JAMES F. RUFF, Engineering ResearchCenter, Colorado State University 1957

A New Type of Concrete Trapezoid DamYUI TSANG CHAN, Civil Engineering Dept., China Light & PowerCo. Ltd 1963

Assessing the True Value of Flood Control Reservoirs: The Experienceof Folsom Dam in the February, 1986 Flood

PHILIP B. WILLIAMS, Philip B. Williams & Associates, Ltd 1969Chatuge Hydroproject Aerating Infuser Physical Model Study

TONY A. RIZK and GARY E. HAUSER, TennesseeValley Authority 1975

SESSION 3D-13D MODELLING I

Moderator: S.Y. WANG, University of Mississippi

Recent Developments in Three-Dimensional NumericalEstuarine Models

RALPH T. CHENG, PETER E. SMITH and VINCENZO CASULLI,U.S. Geological Survey 1982

TRIM-3D: A Three-Dimensional Model for Accurate Simulation ofShallow Water Flow

VINCENZO CASULLI, ENRICO BERTOLAZZI andRALPH T. CHENG, Dipartimento di Matematica, Universita' di Trento 1988

Parameterization of Turbulence for Three-DimensionalCirculation Modeling

Y. PETER SHENG, Dept. of Coastal & Oceanographic Engr., Universityof Florida 1994

Three-Dimensional Free Surface Modeling (Is there a Best Approach?)BILLY H. JOHNSON, H. LEE BUTLER and CHARLIE BERGER,U.S. Army Engineers Waterways Experiment Station 1997

Galveston Bay 3-D Model Study Channel Deepening Lessons Learned inManagement of a Large Modeling Study

J.H. SCHMIDT, R.T. MCADORY, W.D. MARTIN andR.C. BERGER, U.S. Army Engr. Waterways Experiment Station 2003

SESSION EH-9ENVIRONMENTAL HYDRAULICS I

Moderator: J. ODGAARD, University of Iowa, and J.S. WANG, Bechtel

Oxygenation Experiments in the Wave Breaking ZoneE.I. DANIL, and C. MOUTZOURIS, Department of Civil Engineering,Laboratory of Harbour Works, National and Technical Universityof Athens 2008

Integrated Planning Analysis for an Aggregate MineEDWARD E. WALLACE and ROBERT C. MACARTHUR, MeridianConsulting Engineers Inc 2014

Bank Stabilization with Environmental Features on the MiddleRio Grande

DREW C. BAIRD, J.P. WILBER and R.W. SLATER, U.S. Bureauof Reclamation 2020

Two Options for Disposal of Desalination Reject WaterLOUIS J. ARMSTRONG, P.R. MINEART and R.H. CROSS III,Woodward-Clyde Consultants 2026

Ballast Water Treatment Effluent Dispersion StudiesPETER A. MANGARELLA, JOSEPH M. COLONELL, WaterResources Group, Woodward-Clyde Consultants 2032

SESSION BS-11FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF BRIDGE SCOUR PROCESSES II

Moderator: PETE HAENI, U.S. Geological Survey, and ROLLINS HOTCHKISS,University of Nebraska

Evaluation of an Existing Scour Hole at the Castleton Bridge,a Tidal Crossing

S.A. KHONDKER, EBASCO and M.A. HIXSON,EBASCO Infrastructure 2038

Development of Bridge-Scour Instrumentation for Inspection andMaintenance Personnel

DAVID S. MUELLER and MARK N. LANDERS, U.S. GeologicalSurvey, Water Resource Division 2045

Using Graphysical Data to Assess Scour DevelopmentG. PLACZEK, F.P. HAENI, U.S. Geological Survey, and R. TRENT,Federal Highway Administration 2051

Local Scour Measurements at Bridge Piers in AlbertaD. WILLIAMSON, Bridge Engineering Branch, Alberta Transportationand Utilities 2057

Instrumentation for Detailed Bridge-Scour MeasurementsM.N. LANDERS, D.S. MUELLER, U.S. Geological Survey, andR. TRENT, Federal Highway Administration 2063

Local Scour at Bridge Piers in Alberta-Case HistoryA. HUMPHRIES, Bridge Engineering Branch, Alberta Transportationand Utilities 2069

Reference Surfaces for Bridge Scour DepthsM. LANDERS and DAVID S. MUELLER, U.S. Geological Survey 2075

SESSION PH-2APPLICATION IN HYDRAULICS

Moderator: W.C. WANG, Multech Engineering Consultants, Inc.

Probability of Bridge Failure due to ScouringWOLFGANG KRON, and ERICH PLATE, Institute for Hydrology andWater Resources Planning, University of Karlsruhe 2081

Uncertainty of Bridge Scour EstimatesPEGGY A. JOHNSON and BILAL M. AYYUB, Dept. of CivilEngineering, University of Maryland 2087

Reliability Analysis of Levee System of a RiverK. MIZUMURA, Dept. of Civil Engineering, KANAZAWA Instituteof Technology 2092

Uncertainty Analysis of the FEMA Method for Alluvial FansBING ZHAO and LARRY W. MAYS, Dept. of Civil Engineering,Arizona State University 2098

Risk and Uncertainty in Flood Damage Reduction Project DesignMING T. TSENG, EARL EIKER and D. W. DAVIS, Hydraulics andHydrology Branch, Engineering Division, US Army Corpsof Engineers 2104

SESSION 3D-23D MODELLING II

Moderator: A.F. BLUMBERG, HydroQual, Inc.

Three-Dimensional Variable Resolution Hydrodynamic and TransportModeling of the Chesapeake Bay System

JOHN M. HAMRICK, Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences 2110A Finite-Difference Model for 3-D Flow in Bays and Estuaries

PETER E. SMITH and BRUCE E. LAROCK, Water Resources Division,U.S. Geological Survey 2116

Horizontal Gradients in Sigma Transformed Bathymetries with SteepBottom Slopes

G.S. STELLING, and JAN A.T.M. VAN KESTER, Delft Hydraulics .. 21232-D Vertical and 3-D Modelling of Mud Transport in Tidal Flows

B.A. DEVANTIER and L.C VAN RUN, Dept. of Civil Engineering andMechanics, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale 2135

Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling for Transport StudiesW.H. MCANNALLY, R.C BERGER, and A.M. TEETER, U.S. ArmyCorps of Engineers 2141

SESSION EH-10ENVIRONMENTAL HYDRAULICS II

Moderator: J. HOOPES, University of Wisconsin, and F. CHUNG, California Dept.of Water Resources

Mixing Character and Meandering Mechanism of a Plane Jet Boundedin a Shallow Water Layer

DAOYI CHEN and G.H. JIRKA, DeFrees Hydraulics Laboratory, Schoolof Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University 2147

Selective Withdrawal for Reducing Turbid Water in a ReservoirYUKIHIDE TASHIRO, MASAHIKO YATSUGI, J. TANO, andN. MATSUO, Civil Engineering Department, Kyushu ElectricPower Co., Inc 2153

Shifts in Solute Transport Direction Induced by Transient FlowF.X. MARKERT, RAFAEL G. QUIMPO, IT Corp 2159

A New In-Stream AeratorJ. GULLIVER, Dept. of Civil and Mineral Engineering, Universityof Minnesota 2165

Modeled Hydraulic and Salt Transport Patterns in the Sacramento-SanJoaquin Delta

R.T. BROWN, P.WISHEROPP, D. SMITH, and R. RACHIELE, Jones& Stokes Associates 2171

SESSION CA-6COMPUTER APPLICATION IV

Moderator: J.Y. LU, National Chung-Hsing University and H.W. Coleman, Harza

A Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model of a Shallow Estuary: VerificationT.V. HROMADKA II, G.L. GUYMON, M.H. KHAN, andM. COLLINS, Boylr Engineering Corp 2178

Structure of Coastal Upwelling on a Sloping BottomYAN ZANG, ROBERT L. STREET and JEFFREY R. KOSEFF,Environmental Fluid Mech. Lab., Department of Civil Eng.,Stanford University 2184

Field Examination of a Distribution System Water Quality ModelS.G. ELMAALOUF and Y.C. KIM, Public Works Dept., City ofLos Angeles 2 1 9 0

The Courant Number and Unsteady Flow ComputationCHINTU LAI, U.S. Geological Survey 2196

River Engineering Flows and Some Related StructuresRAWYA M. KANSOH, Civil Engineering Department,Alexandria University 2202

SESSION HS-14HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES IV

Moderator: L.W. MAYS, Arizona State University, and A. ALSAFFAR, Bechtel

The EUR Water Station in Rome—ItalyF. CIACCHELLA, G. MARTINO and P. MASSARINI, WaterProduction Plants Sector, ACEA 2207

A Culvert Analysis Program for Indirect Measurement of DischargeJANICE M. FULFORD, U.S. Geological Survey 2213

Sediment and Water Quality Control Devices in Small WatershedsHASAN NOURI, Rivertech Inc 2219

Flow Diversion in a Steep, Coarse-Bed StreamEDWARD F. SING, U.S. Army Engineer District, Sacramento 2389

Vortex Spillway: Test Study on a Hydraulic ModelG. MARTINO, Azienda Comunale Energia ed Ambiente, ACEA 2225

SESSION BS-12COMPARISONS OF MEASURED AND COMPUTED BRIDGE SCOURModerator: C. NORDIN, Colorado State University, and P. WOJCIK, TAMS

Evaluation of Historical Scour at Selected Stream Crossings in IndianaDAVID S. MUELLER and ROBERT L. MILLER, U.S.Geological Survey 2231

Bridge Scour Evaluations in Washington StateJ.P. JOHNSON, C.R. NEILL and R.P. HOVDE, NorthwestHydraulic Consultants 2237

Relation of Channel Stability to Scour at Highway Bridges OverWaterways in Maryland

E. J. DOHENY, U.S. Geological Survey 2243Bridge Scour and Change in Contracted Section, RazorCreek, Montana

S.R. HOLNBECK, C. PARRETT and T.N. TILLINGER, U.S.Geological Survey 2249

Shale Scour at BNRR Yellowstone River Bridge, MTGARY LEWIS, HDR Engineering, Inc 2255

Analysis of Local Scour at Bridge PiersHAN-BIN LIANG and JORGE ROMERO-LOZANO, Philip Williams &Associates, Ltd 2261

xxxvi

SESSION PH-3SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION

Moderator: C.S. MELCHING, U.S. Geological Survey, and RICHARD DENTON,Contra Costa Water District

Variability in Solutions of Constrained Optimization Problems: OceanOutfaU Design Case

MAILI WANG and KEVIN LANSEY, Dept. of Civil Engineering andEngineering Mechanics, University of Arizona 2267

Optimizing Water Transfers in Urban Water Supply PlanningJAY R. LUND, and MORRIS ISRAEL, Dept. of Civil andEnvironmental Engineering, University of California, Davis 2273

Optimizing a Reservoir Operation Policy from the Properties ofReliability and Resiliency

K.S. TICKLE and I.C. GOULTER, University of Central Queensland .. 2279Hydraulic and Water Quality Reliability and Resiliency for WaterDistribution Systems Under Random Demands

MAO FANG and JAMES G. UBER, Dept. of Civil & Envir.Engineering, University of Cincinnati 2285

The Seattle Forecast Model: A Tool for Water Resources Managementin the Seattle Area

LAURA MARINO, Hydrocomp Inc 2291

SESSION 3D-33D MODELLING III

Moderator: P.Y.P. SHENG, University of Florida at Gainesville

Modeling Vertical Stratification in the Pamlico River Estuary UsingModern Hydrodynamics

ALAN F. BLUMBERG, C. KIRK ZIEGLER and BRADLEY NISBET,HydroQual, Inc 2297

Three-Dimensional Modeling of Tides and Wind-WavesSHIAO-KUNG LIU, System Research Inst 2301

Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Coastal Region Offshore fromSydney, Australia

IAN P. KING, WILLIAM L. PEIRSON and BRUCE A. CATHERS,Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University ofCalifornia, Davis 2307

Simulation of 3D Free Surface Flows in Hydraulic Structure withSubmerged Flow Passages

SAM S.Y. WANG, JOSEPH LETTER JR., and PHIL COMBS, Centerfor Computational Hydroscience and Engineering, Universityof Mississippi 2313

Galveston Bay 3-D Model Study Channel Deepening Circulation andSalinity Results

R.C BERGER, W.D. MARTIN, R.T MCADORY, andJ.H. SCHMIDT, U.S. Army Engr. Waterways Experiment Station 2318

Modeling the Tides of Massachusetts and Cape Cod BaysH.L. JENTER, R.P. SIGNELL, ALAN BLUMBERG, U.S.Geological Survey 2323

SESSION EH-11ENVIRONMENTAL HYDRAULICS III

Moderator: J.S. WANG, Bechtel Corp., and G. SULLIVAN,Contra Costa Water District

Storm Water Regulations—Aircraft Deicer/Anti-icers OperationsW.H. ESPEY and G.I. LEGARRETA, Espey, Houston & Associates . . . 2333

GIS and SWMM Applications in Developing the Lake HoustonWatershed Management Program

DUKE G. ALTMAN, R.G. MONTGOMERY, T.L. KING, andC.W. PATTERSON, Espey, Houston & Associates Inc 2339

Probability and Impact of an Observed Rare Sequence of FloodsLEO BEARD, W.H. ESPEY, PHIL COMBS, andBEN M. LITTLEPAGE, Espey, Houston & Associates Inc 2345

Wastewater Treatment for Better EnvironmentRAWYA MONIR KANSOH, Civil Engineering Dept.,Alexandria University 2350

Numerical Modelling of Salinity Transport in a Shallow Well-MixedTidal Reach

G.S. REDDY, and S.N. GHOSH, Civil Engineering Dept., IndianInstitute of Technology 2358

New York Bight Three-Dimensional Water Quality ModelR.W. HALL and M.S. DORTCH, USAE WaterwaysExperiment Station 2365

Subject Index 2395Author Index 2401