Hydro ecological problems in Hydro ecological problems in Uzbekistan: Uzbekistan:
conditions and improvement measuresconditions and improvement measures
Makhmudov E.J.- Director of the Water Problems Institute,
Uzbekistan
Central AsiaCentral Asia
#Y
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Bis hk e kAlm a -A ta
Dus h anb eAs hg ab ad
Tas hk en t
A ral Sea
Is s yk -K u l
Kazakh stan
Uzb ekistan
Turkm enistan Tadjik istan
Kyrgyzstan
r. Sy r Dar ya
r. N aryn
r. Za ra fsh an
r. P
yand
j
r . V a
k hsh
r. Amu D a rya
r.Ka r ada rya
IranAfghanistan
Turkm enistan
Paki
stan India
Ch ina
Ob la st b o u nd a rie sSta te b o u nda rie s
La k es , re se rvo irs#Y Sta te ce n ter
Riv er s
Le gend
C entral A s ian S tates in the A ra l S ea Ba sinN
Territory of UzbekistanTerritory of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is an arid dry country that has limited spatial distribution of water resources for its socio-economic development and thus water has status of strategic resourceTotal area of lands available for tillage is 44.4057mln.ha, including only 4.275 mln.ha of irrigated lands. In this respect Uzbekistan needs more effective use of available water resources.
II. . River flowRiver flow
Amudarya – volume of the annual river run-off - 77 km 3 (50% of sufficiency)Run-off changes - 55 to110 км3
Sirdarya – volume of the annual river run-off - 34 km 3 (50% of sufficiency) Run-off changes - 23 to 52 км3
IIII. . Ground water Ground water Prognosis resources of the Aral sea basin - 61,6 км3
In Uzbekistan - 19,0 км3
Exploitation resources of the Aral sea basin 10,3 км3
In Uzbekistan- 5,5 км3
Water intake of the Aral sea basin - 12,3 км3
In Uzbekistan- 5,5 км3
Ecological division of the territory of the Ecological division of the territory of the Republic of UzbekistanRepublic of Uzbekistan
Formation of the lakes caused by Formation of the lakes caused by inefficient water useinefficient water use
Possible scenarioPossible scenario’’s of the ecological crisis in s of the ecological crisis in the middle flow of the middle flow of Sirdarya Sirdarya –– Arnasay Arnasay lakelake
Access to tap water in different Access to tap water in different provinces of Uzbekistanprovinces of Uzbekistan
0102030405060708090
100
Kar
akal
paks
tan
And
ijon
Buk
hara
Jizz
akh
Nam
anga
n
Nav
oi
Sam
arka
nd
Sird
arya
Sur
khan
dary
a
Tash
kent
Kas
hkad
arya
Farg
ona
Hor
azm
Uzb
ekis
tan
urban rural
Issues for environmental securityIssues for environmental security
Ecological problems due to unsustainable resource management– Large water losses in irrigation system– Salinized irrigation and drainage water– Salinized and degraded soils– Air and water pollution (pesticides, salts)– Biodiversity loss (loss of Tugai forest)– Regional climate change
Problems in lower reaches of rivers :birth rate decreasing and intensification of the migration
processes
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Годы
Численность
населения
(тыс.человек)
Хорезмская область 788 891 1039 1198 1326 1350 1372 1393
Дашогузская область 583 645 738 930 1142 1197 1252 1285
Каракалпакстан 1469 1480 1487 1498 1527 1543 1555 1561
К-ординская область 573 619 580 591 600 601 604 605
ВСЕГО 3414 3636 3844 4217 4595 4691 4783 4844
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003
Drop irrigation systems in the orchards Drop irrigation systems in the orchards ofof KizilkumKizilkum desertdesert
Using of the transferable plastic Using of the transferable plastic flumes for the cotton wateringflumes for the cotton watering
Forming the Forming the wetlands in deltawetlands in delta’’s of the s of the Amudarya Amudarya riverriver