HydroHydro--Quebec Quebec GIS experiencesGIS experiences

IEEE GIS Panel, Montreal, 2006 IEEE GIS Panel, Montreal, 2006 By Steve Laberge, electrical engineer, HydroBy Steve Laberge, electrical engineer, Hydro--QuebecQuebec, , 2006, 2006, JuneJune 21th21th

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SubjectsSubjects•• Review of our GIS networkReview of our GIS network•• Some HV GIS applications examples Some HV GIS applications examples •• Major GIS failures experiencedMajor GIS failures experienced•• Review of the breakdown experiencedReview of the breakdown experienced•• What we have learned with GIS maintenance What we have learned with GIS maintenance

experiencesexperiences•• Preventive partial discharge measurementsPreventive partial discharge measurements•• Obtained results with PD's measurementsObtained results with PD's measurements

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OurOur GIS, in 2006 GIS, in 2006 ……..•• 11 substations11 substations•• 126 CB bays 126 CB bays •• Areva B95, S105 and T105 GIS Areva B95, S105 and T105 GIS

typetype•• ABB ELK SN2 and ELKABB ELK SN2 and ELK--2 GIS type2 GIS type•• Siemens 8DN9 GIS typeSiemens 8DN9 GIS type•• 1272 CB bays1272 CB bays--yr in serviceyr in service

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GIS regarding voltage levelGIS regarding voltage level•• 315kV315kV

•• 6 GIS 6 GIS •• Langelier, Guy, Viger, LG2A, Manic Langelier, Guy, Viger, LG2A, Manic

5PA, SM35PA, SM3•• 29 29 CB Bays in serviceCB Bays in service (23%)(23%)•• 636 636 CB Bays yCB Bays yrr in servicein service (50%)(50%)•• Oldest GIS : 28 years oldOldest GIS : 28 years old•• CB bays mean age : 22 yearsCB bays mean age : 22 years

•• 230kV230kV

•• 2 GIS 2 GIS •• Gentilly 2, La GabelleGentilly 2, La Gabelle•• 13 13 CB Bays in serviceCB Bays in service (10%)(10%)•• 162 162 CB BaysCB Bays-- yyrr in servicein service (13%)(13%)•• Oldest GIS : 15 years oldOldest GIS : 15 years old•• CB bays mean age : 12,5 yearsCB bays mean age : 12,5 years

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GIS regarding voltage levelGIS regarding voltage level• 120kV

•• 3 GIS 3 GIS •• Beauharnois, Leman, Shawinigan 3 Beauharnois, Leman, Shawinigan 3 •• 84 84 CB Bays in serviceCB Bays in service (67%)(67%)•• 474 474 CB BaysCB Bays-- yyrr in servicein service (37%)(37%)•• Oldest GIS : 12 years oldOldest GIS : 12 years old•• CB bays mean age : 5,6 yearsCB bays mean age : 5,6 years

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Integration of GIS CB bays Integration of GIS CB bays

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

120kV230kV315kV

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HV GIS application examplesHV GIS application examples

•• Downtown substationsDowntown substations

•• Guy substationGuy substation

•• 315kV, 3000A, 1050kV BIL, 50kA315kV, 3000A, 1050kV BIL, 50kA•• 3 underground lines 3 underground lines •• 4 transformers 140MVA4 transformers 140MVA•• Located in downtown MontrealLocated in downtown Montreal•• Ring bus configurationRing bus configuration•• GIS allow to build substation in a GIS allow to build substation in a

building. building. •• Less ground surface required than Less ground surface required than

conventional technologyconventional technology

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HV GIS application examplesHV GIS application examples

•• Building of new power stationBuilding of new power station

•• SM3 substationSM3 substation

•• 315kV, 3000A, 1050kV BIL, 31,5kA315kV, 3000A, 1050kV BIL, 31,5kA•• 2 overhead lines 2 overhead lines •• 2 transformers 465 MVA2 transformers 465 MVA•• GIS built in a cavern GIS built in a cavern •• GIS was more economic than GIS was more economic than

conventional substation build on conventional substation build on mountain slopemountain slope

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HV GIS application HV GIS application examplesexamples•• Existing power station repairsExisting power station repairs

•• BeauharnoisBeauharnois substationsubstation

•• 120 kV, 2500A, 650kV BIL, 40kA 120 kV, 2500A, 650kV BIL, 40kA •• 20 overhead lines 20 overhead lines •• 36 transformers (50 to 65 MVA)36 transformers (50 to 65 MVA)•• Run of river power station type Run of river power station type •• Old conventional substation Old conventional substation

replaced by GISreplaced by GIS•• Lines and loads were transferred Lines and loads were transferred

one by oneone by one•• To minimize the exploitation To minimize the exploitation

impacts due to the remaking of the impacts due to the remaking of the conventional substation, GIS was conventional substation, GIS was the optimum solutionthe optimum solution

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Design problems experiencedDesign problems experienced•• LG2A (315kV) LG2A (315kV) –– Breaking of Breaking of

the CB's main chamber the CB's main chamber arcing contacts arcing contacts

•• 2 breakdowns (2002,2004)2 breakdowns (2002,2004)•• Breaking of the arcing contacts Breaking of the arcing contacts

after 2500 operationsafter 2500 operations

•• LG2A LG2A –– Breaking of the CB's Breaking of the CB's mobile contact of the closing mobile contact of the closing chamberchamber

•• 2 breakdowns (1998,2003)2 breakdowns (1998,2003)•• Mobile contact tungsten ferrule is Mobile contact tungsten ferrule is

getting detached with the operation getting detached with the operation of the breaker of the breaker

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Design problems experiencedDesign problems experienced•• Langelier (315kV) Langelier (315kV) –– Failure on Failure on

the CB's grading capacitorsthe CB's grading capacitors

•• No breakdownNo breakdown•• Capacitors damaged by the Capacitors damaged by the

vibration caused by the operations vibration caused by the operations of the breakersof the breakers

•• Gentilly 2 (230kV) Gentilly 2 (230kV) –– CableCable--GIS interface GIS interface

•• Breakdown in 1993Breakdown in 1993•• Design defect of the cableDesign defect of the cable--GIS GIS

interfaceinterface•• Cable heads were free of rotating Cable heads were free of rotating • The dismantled bar of the interface

GIS/cable was dislodged

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Manufacturing or youth failures Manufacturing or youth failures

•• Langelier (315kV) Langelier (315kV) –– Bad Bad fixing of the CB's arcing fixing of the CB's arcing contact contact

•• Arcing contacts fixing screw get Arcing contacts fixing screw get unscrewed with breaker operation unscrewed with breaker operation

•• The copper used is not The copper used is not corresponding to the manufacturer corresponding to the manufacturer specificationsspecifications

•• Gentilly 2 (230kV) Gentilly 2 (230kV) ––Breakdown in a circuit Breakdown in a circuit breakerbreaker

•• Floating of the fixed contact corona Floating of the fixed contact corona ring (1992) ring (1992)

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Manufacturing or youth failures Manufacturing or youth failures

•• La Gabelle (230kV) La Gabelle (230kV) –– Breakdown in a voltage transformer Breakdown in a voltage transformer

•• The presence of a particle is the suspected cause (1994)The presence of a particle is the suspected cause (1994)

•• Guy (315kV) Guy (315kV) –– Breakdown in a cable box Breakdown in a cable box

•• Oil has been found in the enclosure (1992)Oil has been found in the enclosure (1992)•• Bad connection between the oil cable in its connector has causedBad connection between the oil cable in its connector has caused a hot spot a hot spot

•• Guy (315kV) Guy (315kV) –– Bad functioning of the disconnect switch arcing Bad functioning of the disconnect switch arcing contact contact

•• Conceived to interrupt the magnetisation current of power transfConceived to interrupt the magnetisation current of power transformer ormer •• Manufacture defects on some pieces related to the arcing contactManufacture defects on some pieces related to the arcing contactss•• Some of them are not working properly Some of them are not working properly

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Unusual major failures experiencedUnusual major failures experienced•• Manic 5PA (315kV) Manic 5PA (315kV) –– Vibration problemsVibration problems

•• Breakdown (1993 and 1996) on an insulating barrier near a breakeBreakdown (1993 and 1996) on an insulating barrier near a breaker after the r after the lines were struck by lightning lines were struck by lightning

•• Dielectric withstand was reduced by the presence of metallic parDielectric withstand was reduced by the presence of metallic particles ticles •• Pulled out by the displacement of the central conductor during bPulled out by the displacement of the central conductor during breaker reaker

operation ( 2500 operations)operation ( 2500 operations)•• The substation is constructed in a cavernThe substation is constructed in a cavern•• The floor is very rigid and doesn't absorb the vibrations.The floor is very rigid and doesn't absorb the vibrations.•• Some bus bars (2 meters) adjacent to the breaker has been shorteSome bus bars (2 meters) adjacent to the breaker has been shortened to be ned to be

less sensitive to the vibrations less sensitive to the vibrations

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Unusual failures experiencedUnusual failures experienced•• Viger (315kV) Viger (315kV) –– Breakdown Breakdown

on outside GIS line departure on outside GIS line departure

•• Breakdown in 2004 on a outside Breakdown in 2004 on a outside located insulating barrier at the located insulating barrier at the rere--energizationenergization of the line by a cold of the line by a cold period (period (--15C)15C)

•• Caused by condensation Caused by condensation •• SF6 gas compartment overlapping SF6 gas compartment overlapping

interior and exterior of the buildinginterior and exterior of the building•• 95% of compartment SF6 gas is 95% of compartment SF6 gas is

inside the building inside the building • Only one insulating barrier of the

compartment is exposed to the outside temperature

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Breakdown failures experiencedBreakdown failures experiencedFailures by location

38%

6%19%

12%

25%CB

Disc.

Interf.

VT

Other0123

315kV 230kV 120kV

Failure rate (by 100 CB-yr)

H-Q

Cigre WG23-02

Failures by type of defect

12%

19%

51%

6%

6%

6%

Moisture

Shields

Current car.

Particles

Not related toinsulationUnknown

Failures by origin

31%

13%37%

19% Design

Manufacture

Site

Unknown

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What we have learnedWhat we have learned……..•• Some Insulators of first generation Some Insulators of first generation

type seem to be more susceptible type seem to be more susceptible to SF6 decomposition by productsto SF6 decomposition by products

•• Recovery of the polluted SF6 gas Recovery of the polluted SF6 gas after a breakdown should be after a breakdown should be initiated quicklyinitiated quickly

• Maintenance works on the SF6 recuperation cart should not be neglected

•• The importance to stock a good The importance to stock a good inventory of spare parts increases inventory of spare parts increases with the age of the material with the age of the material

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What we have learnedWhat we have learned……..• For the first generation of GIS, the impacts of major failure on each gas

compartment should be analysed by maintenance crew to avoid surprises due to :

- low gas partition- Absence of double disconnect switch in series- Increase of the load since the start up of the substation

• Implicate the maintenance crew peoples in the choice of a new GIS installation configuration

• Formation of maintenance crew is important • Doble tests are useful for paper/oil insulating medium • Importance of goods preventives maintenance practices• Despite the fact that GIS technology has many advantages over conventional

technologies, GIS repairing works are costly and longer

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HiHi--pot testingpot testing•• We do HiWe do Hi--pot testing combined with pot testing combined with

PD's detection after major repairing PD's detection after major repairing or at the commissioning of a new or at the commissioning of a new GISGIS

•• We have two (2) tests generators We have two (2) tests generators -- 500kV mobile500kV mobile hipotronic hipotronic -- 250kV Haefely SF6 250kV Haefely SF6 insulated insulated

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PD's detection techniques used PD's detection techniques used •• When combined to hiWhen combined to hi--pot test we use the following PD's detection and pot test we use the following PD's detection and

measurement techniques:measurement techniques:-- conventional method conventional method -- UHF and ultrasonicUHF and ultrasonic methods methods

•• For GIS in service, since 1998, we use UHF and acousticFor GIS in service, since 1998, we use UHF and acoustics s PD's detection PD's detection techniques. techniques.

•• We use, if required, UHF and acoustical permanent supervision toWe use, if required, UHF and acoustical permanent supervision to monitor monitor DP's emission points detected by the scanning of the substation DP's emission points detected by the scanning of the substation

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Review of PD's detection methodsReview of PD's detection methods•• UHFUHF

•• Detection by a UHF antenna of the Detection by a UHF antenna of the electromagnetic field generated by electromagnetic field generated by PD's PD's

•• Frequency content : 300 MHz to Frequency content : 300 MHz to 3GHz3GHz

•• DMS UHF detection device with DMS UHF detection device with large bandlarge band

•• UltrasonicUltrasonic

• Detection by an ultrasonic transducer of the perturbations generated by the DP’s

• Frequency content : 20 to 100kHz• Transinor instrument

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Obtained results with HiObtained results with Hi--pot testingpot testing•• LG2A (2005) LG2A (2005) –– CompartmentCompartment

D6D6

•• DPDP’’s of means amplitude measureds of means amplitude measuredby UHF method during an hiby UHF method during an hi--pot pot test test (209kV)(209kV)

•• Found on a bus barFound on a bus bar•• Detection of SF6 decomposition by Detection of SF6 decomposition by

products on the insulator, at the products on the insulator, at the bottom of the enclosure and in the bottom of the enclosure and in the corona bar settingcorona bar setting

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Obtained results with HiObtained results with Hi--pot testingpot testing•• SM3 (2000) SM3 (2000) –– Bus bar Bus bar

insulatorinsulator

•• DPDP’’s measured by UHF method s measured by UHF method during the commissioning hiduring the commissioning hi--pot pot test (200kV)test (200kV)

•• Replacement of an insulatorReplacement of an insulator

•• VigerViger (2005) (2005) –– Outside Outside insulatorinsulator

•• DPDP’’s measured by UHF method s measured by UHF method during hiduring hi--pot testpot test

•• Trace of condensation phenomena Trace of condensation phenomena found on the insulator surfacefound on the insulator surface

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Obtained results in serviceObtained results in service•• LG2A (2003) LG2A (2003) –– Circuit Circuit breaker breaker

300300--2323

•• DPDP’’s of strong amplitudes s of strong amplitudes measured by UHF method measured by UHF method following the operations of the following the operations of the breaker breaker (2003 to 2004) (2003 to 2004)

•• The PDThe PD’’s activities begin slowly, s activities begin slowly, increase progressively to an increase progressively to an uncertain maximum amplitude, uncertain maximum amplitude, stabilize for a few minutes or few stabilize for a few minutes or few hours and disappear suddenlyhours and disappear suddenly

•• Breakdown on September 30th Breakdown on September 30th 2004 2004

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Obtained results in serviceObtained results in service•• LG2A (2005) LG2A (2005) –– Power Power

transformer bushingtransformer bushing

•• DP's of strong amplitudes DP's of strong amplitudes measured by the UHF method at a measured by the UHF method at a power transformer bushing power transformer bushing

•• Floating corona shield has come Floating corona shield has come down of the bushing terminaldown of the bushing terminal

•• Detection of SF6 decomposition by Detection of SF6 decomposition by products at the bottom of the products at the bottom of the transformer box and on the bushing transformer box and on the bushing terminal terminal

•• PDPD’’s marks on the bushing terminals marks on the bushing terminal

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Obtained results in serviceObtained results in service

•• Langelier (2005) Langelier (2005) –– 300300--4 4

•• DPDP’’s of means amplitude measured s of means amplitude measured by UHF method following the by UHF method following the operations of the breaker operations of the breaker

•• The PDThe PD’’s activities remained stable s activities remained stable for few minutes to few hours and for few minutes to few hours and disappeared suddenlydisappeared suddenly

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Obtained results in serviceObtained results in service

Langelier (2005) Langelier (2005) –– 300300--44--continuedcontinued

•• A A DispDisp--24 24 acousticacousticss’’ detection detection system has been installsystem has been installeded to to localize accurately the DP emission localize accurately the DP emission ( oct. 2005) ( oct. 2005)

•• The origin of the DPThe origin of the DP’’s was localizes was localizeddat the bottom and near the at the bottom and near the extremity of the enclosure extremity of the enclosure

•• With time, there was displacement With time, there was displacement of the PDof the PD’’s emission toward the s emission toward the enclosure extremityenclosure extremity

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Obtained results in serviceObtained results in service•• Langelier (2005) Langelier (2005) –– 300300--44--

continuedcontinued

•• Withdrawal of particles (2006) that Withdrawal of particles (2006) that were located at the PDwere located at the PD’’s high s high emission zone in the breaker emission zone in the breaker enclosureenclosure

•• The PDThe PD’’s activities have stopped s activities have stopped since thensince then

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ReferencesReferences

•• Technique de dTechnique de déétection des dtection des déécharges partielles, Gaetan Croteau, UMES, 31 mars charges partielles, Gaetan Croteau, UMES, 31 mars 20062006

•• Surveillance acoustique du disjoncteur 300Surveillance acoustique du disjoncteur 300--4, R4, Rééal Beauchemin, IREQ, 27 janvier al Beauchemin, IREQ, 27 janvier 20062006

•• Rapport de dRapport de dééfectuositfectuositéé, LG2A, LG2A--M12M12--A, Bertrand Beaulieu, HA, Bertrand Beaulieu, H--Q, 19 avril 2005Q, 19 avril 2005•• DDéémontage et expertise du disjoncteur tripolaire 300montage et expertise du disjoncteur tripolaire 300--23, LG2A, Areva, Mars 200523, LG2A, Areva, Mars 2005•• Rapport de dRapport de dééfectuositfectuositéé, LG2A, 300, LG2A, 300--23, Bertrand Beaulieu, H23, Bertrand Beaulieu, H--Q, 25 octobre 2004Q, 25 octobre 2004•• Rapport d'expertise, LG2A, 300Rapport d'expertise, LG2A, 300--21 phase C, Bertrand Beaulieu, H21 phase C, Bertrand Beaulieu, H--Q, 17 septembre Q, 17 septembre

20032003•• Rapport d'expertise, LG2A, 300Rapport d'expertise, LG2A, 300--21 phase A, Bertrand Beaulieu, H21 phase A, Bertrand Beaulieu, H--Q, 1er octobre Q, 1er octobre

20022002•• Rapport d'expertise tulipe rev.1 300Rapport d'expertise tulipe rev.1 300--4 du poste Langelier, Areva, d4 du poste Langelier, Areva, déécembre 2005cembre 2005•• Rapport investigation amorcage, Viger, Areva, mars 2005Rapport investigation amorcage, Viger, Areva, mars 2005•• Viger dViger dééfaut E2 rapport d'analyse et recommandations, Steve Laberge, Hfaut E2 rapport d'analyse et recommandations, Steve Laberge, H--Q, 19 Q, 19

juillet 2005juillet 2005•• Guy dGuy dééfaut sur le sectionneur T11B2faut sur le sectionneur T11B2--Rapport d'investigation prRapport d'investigation prééliminaire, Steve liminaire, Steve

Laberge, HLaberge, H--Q, 28 novembre 2000Q, 28 novembre 2000•• GIS service experience in HydroGIS service experience in Hydro--QuQuéébec, Michel Roy, 21 octobre 1997bec, Michel Roy, 21 octobre 1997

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ReferencesReferences

•• Analyse d'un dAnalyse d'un dééfaut inexpliqufaut inexpliquéé d'un disjoncteur blindd'un disjoncteur blindéé au gaz SF6 au gaz SF6 àà la centrale la centrale Gentilly 2, Michel Landry, IREQ, dGentilly 2, Michel Landry, IREQ, déécembre 1992cembre 1992

•• Gentilly 2, Rapport dGentilly 2, Rapport dééfauts disjoncteurs travfauts disjoncteurs travéée 07 et 10, Gec Alstom, 28 avril 1993e 07 et 10, Gec Alstom, 28 avril 1993•• DDééfaut en rfaut en rééseau des seau des ééquipements 51381quipements 51381--CB230/44, 51381CB230/44, 51381--CB230/41 et 51387CB230/41 et 51387--

comp 8C8, Serge Desaulniers, Hcomp 8C8, Serge Desaulniers, H--Q, 12 avril 1996Q, 12 avril 1996•• Cigre WG23Cigre WG23--0202--GIS experience brochure, February 1999GIS experience brochure, February 1999•• Report on the second international survey on high voltage GIS seReport on the second international survey on high voltage GIS service rvice

experienced, Cigrexperienced, Cigréé working group 23.10, 1998working group 23.10, 1998•• Report on the second international survey on high voltage GIS seReport on the second international survey on high voltage GIS service rvice

experience, experience in life expectancy, maintenance and envirexperience, experience in life expectancy, maintenance and environmental onmental issues, Cigrissues, Cigréé working group 23.10, 1999working group 23.10, 1999

•• Essais diEssais diéélectriques avec mesures de dlectriques avec mesures de déécharges partielles rcharges partielles rééalisaliséés en ds en déécembre cembre 2000 sur la phase A du poste SM2000 sur la phase A du poste SM--3, Rapport UMES3, Rapport UMES--20012001--01, H. 01, H. HaiHai, Le, janvier , Le, janvier 20012001

•• Suivi de l'Suivi de l'éétat d'isolation du PSEM LG2A par la mesure des dtat d'isolation du PSEM LG2A par la mesure des déécharges partielles charges partielles ––fféévrier 2003, rapport UMES 2003vrier 2003, rapport UMES 2003--10, H 10, H HaiHai Le, juillet 2003Le, juillet 2003

•• Suivi de l'Suivi de l'éétat d'isolation du PSEM LG2A par la mesure des dtat d'isolation du PSEM LG2A par la mesure des déécharges partielles charges partielles ––mars 2005, rapport UMES 2005mars 2005, rapport UMES 2005--04, H 04, H HaiHai Le, avril 2005Le, avril 2005