Hydrogen activities in theArnhem Nijmegen City

Region

Dr. P.A. Veenhuizen

HAN University

Arnhem

Key players in the Arnhem Nijmegen Area

� Nedstack

� Hygear

� Silent Motor Company

� HyET

� Foundation Hydrogen Enterprise Gelderland

� Municipality of Arnhem

� Arnhem-Nijmegen City region

� HAN University

Fuel Cell Technology

Nedstack

� PEM Power plant

� 120 kW peak power

Nedstack & Hytruck

� Fuel cell systeem for citytruck� Net Rated Power: 16 kW

� Build: 2008

� TÜV approved

� Currently integration and field tests running.

Nedstack & Hytruck

Hygear; steamreforming

Silent Motor Company

HyET

� HyET = Hydrogen Efficiency Technologies

� Break-through technology for efficient hydrogen compression and compression energy harvesting to/from 700 Bar cH2

– Compression losses reduced >50% compared to piston compressor

– Hydrogen fuel consumption >15% lower because compression energy is regained

� Working principle is proven (lab-scale) and patented

Foundation Hydrogen Enterprise Gelderland

� Development and usage of an electrical powered auto bus.

� For at least two years three passenger cars and a rally-car, modified by the HAN, will drive on hydrogen.

� Realisation and exploiting an public hydrogen gas station in Arnhem for at least two years.

http://www.coolregion.nl/news/arcivemap/arnhem-on-route-with-hydrogen

� Arnhem Municipality

– “Arnhem Hydrogen city”

� Arnhem Nijmegen City Region

– Hydrogen: no time to waste

HAN University…?

� HAN is University of Applied Sciences in Arnhem and NijmegenAutomotive Lab is located in Arnhem

� 27000 students, bachelor and master

� Automotive department (with history of 65 years) of 800 students

HAN University

� Vehicle mechatronics:

– Electric, hybrid and fuel cell technology

– Alternative fuels

� Mobility technology

– Vehicle dynamics

– HMI

HAN Automotive

Bachelor-

education

Research

groups

Applied Research

Laboratoria

Post

Bachelor

educationCompanies Companies

and civil societyand civil society

Contract

education

Knowledge transfer →

→ knowledge transfer

Students +Students +

Master

education

Hydrogen in internal combustion engine

� Subaru Impreza

� Turbo in Honda

Fork lift truck

Modify electric fork lift truck into fuel cell fork lift truck

Introduction

� Why a fork lift truck?

– Relatively low average power

– Mobile but with a small range (easy fueling)

– Battery operated trucks available

– Partners available (stack supplier, system integrator, truck supplier, end user)

� Why at all?

– Educate young engineers on technologies to come

– Educate ourselves

– Design, realize and test a FC fork lift truck

Lab power demand measurements

Function Peak power

1 Lifting without weight 19.1 kW

2 Lifting of 2000 kg 20.8 kW

3 Acceleration (driving) with 2000 kg 26.4 kW

4 Driving at constant speed 17.5 kW

5 Deceleration with 2000 kg -12.9 kW

6 Acceleration with lifting with 2000 kg 34.8 kW

7 Standby power usage 0.55 kW

0 5 10 15-20

-10

0

10

20

30

time [sec]

Pow

er [

kW]

Field tests by regular operators

0 20 40 60 80 100-20

-10

0

10

20

30

time [minutes]

Pow

er [

kW]

200 250 300 350 400-20

-10

0

10

20

Time [sec]

Pow

er [

kW]

Typical acceleration

Brake energy recuperation

Conclusions from field and lab tests

� Power demand strongly fluctuating

� Braking power can partially be recovered → energy buffer

� Power rating of Fuel Cell stack may be much lower than maximum power demand

Storage Delivery

Traction

Fuel cell stack

Supercap

InverterElektromotor

Production

Air/O2

H2

Power train layout proposal

Component sizing by simulation

kg H2

0.08442

Supercapacitor

P_SCU_SC

Scope 1

PI controlFC + SC parallel

P_EM

U_SC

P_in_FC

P_in_SCFuel Cell

P_in P_FC

Energy [J]

1.198 e+007

Energy Consumption

P_fuel

kg H 2

Energy

Electrical power link

P_in P_out

Duty Cycle 1

P

I

U

E

Detailed loss modeling• Resistive losses in the

supercapacitor modules• Compressor losses• Hydrogen pump losses• Water circulation pump

losses• Cooling fan losses

Battery load profile

http://www.imrt.ethz.ch/research/qss

Simulation results

200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

Time [sec]

Pow

er [

kW]

Power Demand

Fuel Cell PowerSupercap Power

Simulation results

� Comparing with a system w/o supercap as energy buffer:

– Stack size can be reduced to ~8 kWe

– Fuel consumption is however increased considerably due to higher average stack load

– Stack is loaded at a more constant level; depending on supercap size and energy management strategy

Next steps

� Complete design specifications

– Noise

– Water (vapor) management

– Fueling

– Fail safe/limp home

– Standards and regulations

– Power up/power down procedures

– DC-DC converter technology

– Energy management strategy

� Design, procure, assemble, test, modify, test, …

H2 Laboratory of HAN University

� Component testing

� Research facility

� Energymanagement of fuel cell stacks (Ph-D, TU/e)

Now implemented in Fuel cell luggage tractor on Schiphol

Electric drive train retrofit for Burton

� 2CV platform kit car

� Retrofit into electric vehicle

� 120 kmh top speed, >100 km range

� Safety!

Fuel cell vehicle realization

� Fiat Doblo, pre production vehicle

� Now in system design phase

� Still funding needed for hardware