Hygienic Textiles

8/10/2019 Hygienic Textiles

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HYGIENIC TEXTILESShahrukh Shahbaz


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What is Hygiene?

The Definition

Hygiene is the science and practice of maintaininggood health through cleanliness.


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Hygienic Textiles

Textile materials which are capable of inducing healthcaremeasures and insure the cleanliness are referred as HygienicTextiles.

Constant innovations in structures and fiber developments areleading to increased interest in the capabilities of textilematerials.

The global healthcare market is one of the worlds largestindustries with a value estimated at over US$3.54 trillion a year(Fisher, 2006).


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Why Hygienic Textiles?

For keeping up good health and psychological impacts.

Due to time limitation people are very busy in their work that they do nothave time for cleaning their daily wear clothes.

People who are working in kitchens have difficulties in washing theirgarments.

Also military peoples have to survive in such drastic condition for longerperiods of time that they cannot wash their cloths.

All of the above and similar examples of people want that their clothingshould remain hygienic for the longer periods of time imparting good hygienicproperties to synchronize with their lifestyle without affecting it.


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ANALYSIS!

HygienicTextile

Self Cleaning Antimicrobial


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Concept of Self Cleaning

The concept of self cleaning textiles is based on thelotus plant whose leaves are well-known for their abilityto self-clean by repelling water and dirt.

Nano technology provides a similar concept of selfcleaning textiles which gives self cleaning as well asfresh cloths every day, this not only technically

benefited but techno economically also benefited.


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Inducing Self Cleaning Feature inTextiles

Self-cleaning textiles are usually developed by coating them up with specificchemicals. The coatings can be divided into two categories

Hydrophobic coatings

These work by rolling droplets and the latter by sheeting water that carries away dirt.

Hydrophilic coatings

Hydrophilic coatings have an additional property that they can chemically break down

adsorbed dirt in sunlight.


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SELF-CLEANING MECHANISM

Nano care fabrics are created by modifying the cellulosicfiber

Using nano techniques, the branches of fibers are coveredin a fuzz of minute whiskers which creates a cushion of airaround the fiber.

When water hits the fabric, it beads on the points of thewhiskers, the beads compress the air in the cavitiesbetween the whiskers creating extra buoyancy.

In technical terms, the fabric has been rendered super non-wet able or super-hydrophobic.


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SELF-CLEANING MECHANISM

The whiskers also create fewer points of contact for dirt.

When water is applied to soiled fabric, the droplet on an inclined super hydrophodoes not slide off; it rolls off.

When the droplet rolls over a contamination, the particle is removed from the surforce of absorption of the particle is higher than the static friction force betweenand the surface.


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MANUFACTURING METHOD

The manufacturing of self-cleaning textiles using nanotechnology:-

Using hydrophobic coatingsthe lotus-effect

Using hydrophilic photo catalytic coatings

Using silver nanoparticles

Using easy to clean finishing


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HYDROPHOBIC COATINGSTHE LOTUS-EFFECT

The roughness of a surface improves the wet ability for hydrophilic surfacesi.e < 90. The drop will seem to sink into the hydrophilic surface.

The wet ability decreases for hydrophobic surfaces i.e > 90.

It requires a lot of energy to wet a rough hydrophobic surface which results inan increased water-repellency.


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HYDROPHILIC PHOTO CATALYTICCOATINGS

These hydrophilic photo catalytic coatings chemically break down dirt whenexposed to light, a process known as photo catalysis

The coating acts as a catalyst when interacted with incident light

This coating reacts through two distinct properties:

Photo catalysis causes the coating to chemically break down organic dirt adsorbedonto the fabric,

Hydrophilicity causes water to form sheets rather than droplets contact anglesare reduced to very low values in sunlight (the coating becomes super-hydrophilic), and dirt is washed away


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SILVER NANOPARTICLES

Silver nanoparticles induce a water repellent feature to the induced layer

Can be used to produce suits and other clothing items that offer superiorresistance to dirt as well as water and require much less cleaning thanconventional fabrics.

Nano-Tex improves the water-repellent property of fabrics by creating nanowhiskers, which are made of hydrocarbons and have about 1/1000 of the size

of a typical cotton fiber. They are added to the fabric to create a peach fuzz effect without lowering

the strength of cotton.


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EASY TO CLEAN FINISHES

ETC-Easy to clean surfaces was water repellent accordingly are oftenconfused with other self-cleaning functions such as LOTUS EFFECT.

Easy- to- clean surfaces are smooth rather than rough.

Surfaces have a lower force of surface attraction due to a decrease in theirsurface energy, resulting in reduced surface adhesion.

This causes water to be repelled, forming water droplets and running off.

Easy-to-clean surfaces are therefore hydrophobic i.e. water-repellent andoften also oleo phobic i.e. oil repellent, making them suitable for use inbathroom.


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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

An antimicrobial agent is defined as a natural or synthetic substance that killsor inhibits the growth of micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae.

Antimicrobial treatments have been utilized to enhance the properties of thegarment or textile in order to either prolong the life of the textile product orfor the delivery of a hygienic treatment.


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ANTIMICROBIAL TEXTILES

Examples of treated textiles include:

Impregnated tissues with antibacterial properties (if not regarded as medicinalproducts, e.g. for certain applications in hospitals)

Antibacterial textiles where the active substance is released during use

Socks treated with a biocidal active substance intended to have a biocidal actionon the foot

Treated gowns or hospital drapes.


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FUNCTION OF ANTIMICROBIALS

Antimicrobial treatments for textiles materials are necessary for the followingreasons:

to avoid cross-contamination by pathogenic micro-organisms

to control infestation by micro-organisms

to arrest metabolism in bacteria in order to reduce the formation of odor

to safeguard a textile product from quality deterioration


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FUNCTIONALIZATION TECHNIQUES FORANTIMICROBIAL FEATURE

Functionalization of textiles is achieved

During fiber formation (in polymerization and before spinning),

By textile finishing (either surface modification or fixation of active molecules ontotextiles)

By using naturally antimicrobial inherent materials


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FUNCTIONALIZATION DURING FIBERFORMATION

All synthetic fibers are spun from a solution or a melt.

the simple addition of one or more chemical compounds into thepolymer solution or the corresponding melt will usually notprovide fibers with desired properties.

As a matter of fact the chemical compound may not be solublein the polymer solution or in the melt. It may also be destroyed

by either heat or oxygen. As a result this technique for the fabrication of functional yarns

is not preferred.


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FUNCTIONALIZATION BY TEXTILEFINISHING

Method is similar to dyeing processes and suitable for the fixation of thecontainer molecules on the specific fiber

These act As a reservoir for active substances, so-called container molecules

These molecules possess a cavity and are therefore able to form inclusioncompounds with other molecules. Subject to certain conditions, the complexmolecules are liberated.

The container molecules are normally soluble in water or organic solvents.Thus, they have to be fixed on the polymer surface to create a permanentfinish.


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FUNCTIONALIZATION BY TEXTILEFINISHING


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NATURALLY INHERENT MATERIALS

Some natural fibers are believed to be inherently antimicrobial, such askapok, hemp, flax and bamboo.

Essential oils of industrial hemp can significantly inhibit microbialgrowth; the degree of inhibition depends on variety and sowing time(Nissen et al. , 2010).

Bamboos antimicrobial activity, mentioned in the news worldwide, wasdenied by Federal Trade Commission, USA (2009). But its regeneratedform can give good results in antibacterial feature.

Inherently antimicrobial fibers can be formed from antimicrobialchitosan.


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LITERATURE REVIEW


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Coated Textiles For Skin InfectionsG. SENTI, A. U. FREIBURGHAUS and T. M. KNDIG,Centre for Clinical Research, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland

This article deals in the developments in anti-infectious textiles used forpatients prone to skin infections.

The conditions have been analyzed for the atopic dermatitis (eczema), whichpredominantly affects children and young adults

Tests provide evidence of diminished microbial growth in wounds coveredwith pads coated with silver nano-particles.


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Self-cleaning Textiles Using The Lotus EffectT. STEGMAIER, V. VONARNIMA. SCHERRIEBLEH and H. PLANCKInstitute of Textile Technology andProcess Engineering Denkendorf (ITV), Germany

The self-cleaning property of the Lotus Effect, is based on the specificproperties of micro- and nanostructured ultra hydrophobic surfaces, whichare always completely cleaned by rainfall:

The contact area of water and dirt particles is largely minimized by thedouble structured surface.


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Medical, Cosmetic And Odor ResistantFinishes For TextilesH.J. Buschmann, V. A. Dehabadi, C. WiegandDeutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West GmbH, Krefeld, Germany;

Universittsklinikum Jena , Jena, Germany

The use of Cyclodextrins in the industrial applications has been studied in medicaland cosmetic products in this article. Textile application is usually by thepermanent fixation of cyclodextrins onto fibers. As a result textiles with cosmeticor medical applications could be developed.

Similar case is with the development of microencapsulation technologies. The useof microencapsulated active substances also leads to new textile products forcosmetic or medical usage. Active substances in cosmetotextiles may beantioxidants, fragrances, skin softeners, insect repellents, vitamins or UVblockers.

Incorporation can be achieved by direct addition to the textile material or byadvanced methods using cyclodextrins, microencapsulation techniques ornanotechnology. This can improve application strategies as such systems act asreservoirs and enable a progressive release when the textile comes into contactwith the skin.


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Use Of Knitted Spacer Fabrics For HygieneApplicationsA. M. DAVIES, De Montfort University, UK

Knitted spacer fabrics have created much interest in the textile industry,offering unique properties and being ideal for use next to the skin.

Being washable and thus reusable, spacer fabrics are viable alternativesto disposable products in the medical sector, at a time when there isgreat emphasis on sustainability and the environmental impact of textileproducts. Focusing on incontinence products requiring bulk liquidabsorption, the use of weft-knitted spacer fabrics is taken into concern.

The liquid absorption of a 100% polyester knitted spacer fabric isrelatively low, but the inclusion of a moisture conducting yarn in themiddle of the fabric can allow a moisture absorbent capacity of 200300% to be achieved.


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Antimicrobial Treatments Of Textiles ForHygiene And Infection Control ApplicationsS. C. BURNETT-BOOTHROYD, Advanced Textiles Limited,UK and B. J. McCARTHY, TechniTex Faraday Limited, UK

In this article various ways of inducing hygiene in the textile material arediscussed.

During Fiber Formation

Textile Finishing

Naturally Antimicrobial Fibers

The testing methods for analyzing the bacterial growth are also studied and ithas been concluded that the testing should be carried according to thedesired end usage of the product.


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CONSUMPTION OF HYGIENIC TEXTILES INVARIOUS GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS


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APPLICATIONS

Medical textiles e.g. Hospital garments

Sport tech e.g. Athletic wear

Defense textile e.g. Military uniforms

Smart Textiles

Upholstery

Under Garments


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Apparel Brands associated with HygienicProducts

Some of the current Fashion brands involved in hygienic garments are as below.

Levis

Muxu

Rapha

Creux

Cadence

Swrve


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Levis Commuter Series

Levis launched its commuter series in July 2011 to facilitate the requirements ofthe people specially who commute on bicycles to their destinations.

Built around the popular Levi's 511, Commuter jean features fabric andconstruction upgrades for increased mobility and durability. Later on this was alsointroduces in the trucker jackets and other products introduced in the commuterseries.

It was built to protect the cyclists from the potential hazards of their dailycommute.

Much more interesting, however, is the garment's NanoSphere-treated fabric forimproved durability and resistance to both dirt and water.

This technology conceived through a partnership with Swiss Schoeller TechnologiesAG.

Levis also consulted with textile specialty firm Clariant for invisible protectionagainst odors and bacterias causing odors.


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References

The Antibacterial Performance Of Natural Bamboo Fiber And Its Influencing Factors, Li Xia And Dao Chun Qin, August 2012 Self Cleaning Garments, S. Parthiban

Synthesis Of Zno Nanoparticles Using PS-B-PAA Reverse Micelle Cores For Uv Protective, Self-cleaning And Antibacterial Textile Applications,Burcin Acar Cakir, Leyla Budama, nder Topel, Numan Hoda

Coated Textiles For Skin Infections, G. Senti, A. U. Freiburghaus And T. M. Kndig, Centre For Clinical Research, University Hospital OfZurich, Switzerland

Self-cleaning Textiles Using The Lotus Effect, T. STEGMAIER, V. VONARNIM, A. SCHERRIEBLEH. PLANCK (2011)

Innovative Self-cleaning And Bactericide Textiles, J. Kiwi, C. Pulgarin (2010)

Self Cleaning Finishes For Textiles, D. Gupta , M. L. Gulrajani (2014)

Medical, Cosmetic And Odor Resistant Finishes For Textiles, H.-J. Buschmann , V. A. Dehabadi , C. Wiegand (2014)

Antimicrobial Natural Fibres, J. Borsa, Budapest University Of Technology And Economics (2012)

Use Of Knitted Spacer Fabrics For Hygiene Applications A. M. Davies, De Montfort University, Uk (2011)

12. Development Of A Versatile Antimicrobial Finish For Textile Materials For Healthcare And Hygiene Applications, S. Rajendran And S. C. H

Colmparison Of Antimicrobial Textile Treatments, E. J. Smith', J. T. Williams', S. E. Walsh' And P. Painte2 (2010)

Antimicrobial Treatments Of Textiles For Hygiene And Infection Control Applications, S. C. Burnett-boothroyd, And B. J. Mccarthy, (2011)

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