Hymenoptera: wasps, bees, ants etc. as well as the sawflies and horntails (wood wasps)

• mouth parts are variable

•complete metamorphosis •2 pr. of membranous wings, hind pair is smaller

The Hymenoptera is divided into two suborders: the SymphytaSymphyta and the Apocrita.Apocrita.

Symphyta (sawflies and horntails) Apocrita (bees, ants, parasitoids etc.)

thorax broadlyjoined to abdomen

thorax narrowlyjoined to abdomen

ovipositorsaw-like insawflies

ovipositormodifiedinto stinger

ovipositorof horntail wasp

Let’s concentrate on the Symphyta: the sawflies and horntails (woodwasps).

• mostly defoliators

• cause much economic and aesthetic damage (urban forestry)

• most cut slits in leaves and needles and lay their eggs within the slits.

Sawflies

• mostly woodborers

• cause defects in lumber and fine woods

• however, there is Sirex noctilio and it kills pine plantations!

Woodwasps or horntails

There’s a couple more things you need to know aboutsawfly larvae vs. caterpillars of moths

Differences between sawflies and caterpillars

Woodwasp drilling into the wood of a tree and laying eggs;the other member of the Symphyta

Woodwasp larvafeeding in wood

“horn tail”

The suborder: Apocrita

Velvet ant (wingless wasp)

Yellow jacket

Ichneumonidwasp (parasitoid)

Lepidoptera: the moths and butterflies

• mouth parts are for siphoning

• complete metamorphosis • 2 pr. of scaly wings, hind pair is smaller

• larvae mostly phytophagous

Moths

• stout bodied

• wings horizontal at rest

• ~ nocturnal or crepuscular

• antennae clubbed

Butterflies

• delicate bodied

• wings vertical at rest

• ~ diurnal behavior

•antennae clubbed

Caterpillar Pests

Diptera: the flies

• complete metamorphosis

• one pair of wings, both membranous

• a pair of halteres

• incredibly good fliers

• some are phytophagous, others parasitoids, predators, blood feeders etc.

Human botfly

Syrphid flies are importantpredators of aphids

Neuroptera: lacewings,

• complete metamorphosis

• two pair of membranous wings

• hypodermic-like mouth parts

• all predators

Lacewings for example

Neuroptera: lace wings, ant lions, snake flies etc.

Ant Lion

Antlion

Dobsonfly