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MicrosoftVirtual Academy
Hyper-V Storage
Symon Perriman Jeff WoolseyTechnical Evangelist Principal Program Manager
MicrosoftVirtual Academy
First Half Second Half
(01) Introduction to Microsoft Virtualization
(05) Hyper-V Management
(02) Hyper-V Infrastructure (06) Hyper-V High Availability and
Live Migration
(03) Hyper-V Networking (07) Integration with System Center
2012 Virtual Machine Manager
(04) Hyper-V Storage(08) Integration with Other System
Center 2012 Components
** MEAL BREAK **
Introduction to Hyper-V Jump Start
MicrosoftVirtual Academy
• Storage Considerations
• Creating VHDs• Storage options• iSCSI• Virtual Fibre Channel
Agenda• MultiPath I/O (MPIO)• Offloaded Data
Transfer (ODX)• Storage Virtualization
with Spaces• Hyper-V over SMB
Your input on StorageLeverage storage array capabilities
Maximize your investment
Native access to SANs from VMs
No tradeoffs
Help reduce the cost of storage
For workloads that don’t require a SAN
Highly Scalable Virtual Disks
Big data is here
Storage ConsiderationsStorage performance is almost always the virtualization bottleneckImplement storage solutions with multiple hard drives to distribute disk I/OThe faster the drives the betterConsider deploying centralized storage SAN/File Server for High Availability & Live Migration
StorageVirtual machines require storage for virtual hard disk files, snapshots, failover clustering, and the application’s data files
PhysicalDAS (SATA, eSATA, PATA, SAS, SCSI)SAN (Fibre Channel, FCoE, iSCSI, SAS)
Required for failover clustering so all nodes can access a diskHost clustering: Fibre Channel, FCoE, Serial-Attached SCSI (SAS), iSCSIGuest clustering: iSCSI, FCoE, Fibre Channel, SMB
Virtual adaptersIDE, SCSIBoot – IDE onlyFibre Channel
VHD (VHDX)Fixed, dynamic, differencingPass-throughiSCSI direct (applicable to running iSCSI in guest OS)
Creating Virtual MachinesNameLocationMemoryNetworkVirtual hard diskOperating system
New-VM, New-VHD, New-VMSwitch
Creating VHDs
Creating VHDsUse the Virtual Disk WizardDisk Type: Fixed, Dynamically Expanding, DifferencingName & LocationConfigure Disk: Size, Contents can be copied from another location
Configuration can be changed using the VM settingsIDE controller(s) & locationSCSI controller(s) & locationMedia: VHD, physical hard driveDiskette drive
Virtual Disk TypesDynamicGrows to a maximum size, but will only take as much space as required.
FixedSize of the disk is defined during configurationRegardless of how much is actually stored on the virtual disk, it will take up the maximum amount on the host disk
DifferencingStores the delta changes since the differencing disk was created – such as installing an operating system into the parent disk and then creating differencing disks to perform further configurations on
Hot Add/Remove StorageOverviewAdd and remove VHD and pass-through disks to a running VM without requiring a reboot
Hot-add/remove disk applies to VHDs and pass-through disks attached to the virtual SCSI controller
BenefitsEnables storage growth in VMs without downtimeEnables additional datacenter backup scenariosEnables new SQL/Exchange scenarios
Live VHD MergeWindows Server 2012 Hyper-V provides the ability to merge the .avhd files associated with a virtual machine without having to shut it down firstIn the past, after deleting a snapshot an administrator had to shut down the virtual machine first
Merge-VHD
Hyper-V Host
Large Sector Support – Native 4K DisksWindows Server 2012 supports native 4K disksSoftware read-modify-write512b logical sector virtual diskPerformance penalty for RMW
4K logical sector VHDX No performance penalty
VHD VHDX
512
4K
SoftwareRMW
VHDX
512
4K4K 4K
Native 4K Disk
VM
Hyper-V Host
VHD Stack
Increased Storage Efficiency – Unmap • Unmap
• Storage Informed Of Unused Space
• Efficiencies At Virtual Layer• Allows Reuse Of Unused Blocks
• Efficiencies At Physical Layer• VMs Unmap Passed To Hardware
• Supported On• VHDX & PassThru Disks
• Virtual SCSI or Virtual Fibre Channel
VHDX
External Storage Array
VM
VHDXThe New Default Format for Virtual Hard Disks
Up To 64 TB
Larger Virtual Disks
MB Alignmen
t
Large Sector Support
Enhanced Perf
Larger Block Sizes
Internal Log
Enhanced Resiliency
Embed Custom
Metadata
User Defined Metadata
VHDX Performance - 32KB Random Writes
PassThru Fixed Dynamic Differencing125000
135000
145000
155000
165000Disk VHD VHDX
+10%
+10%
Queue Depth 16
IOPS
VHDX Performance - 1MB Sequential Writes
PassThru Fixed Dynamic Differencing0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Disk VHD VHDX
Queue Depth 16
MB/S
+25% +25%
Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows Server 2012
250,000 IOPs 1,000,000+ IOPs
Over 1 Million IOPs from a Single VM
Industry Leading IO Performance• VM storage performance on par with
native• Performance scales linearly with
increase in virtual processors• Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V can
virtualize over 99% of the world’s SQL Server.
Hyper-V Storage: No Limits & DynamicWindows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008
R2Windows Server 2012
Live Storage Migration No. Quick Storage Migration via VMM
No. Quick Storage Migration via VMM
Yes, with no limits. As many as hardware will
allow.
VMs on File Storage No No Yes, SMB 3.0
Guest Fibre Channel No No Yes
Virtual Disk Format VHD up to 2 TB VHD up to 2 TB VHD up to 2 TBVHDX up to 64 TB
VM Guest Clustering Yes, via iSCSI Yes, via iSCSI Yes, via iSCSI or FC
Native 4k Disk Support No No Yes
Live VHD Merge No, offline No, offline Yes
Live New Parent No No Yes
Secure Offloaded Data Transfer (ODX)
No No Yes
Storage Options
Storage Options for Virtual MachinesIDETwo IDE controllers
Two devices eachMethods supported
Pass-throughFixed-diskDynamic
SyntheticUsed for OS boot partition
SCSIFour SCSI controllers256 devices eachMethods supported
Pass-throughFixed-diskDynamic
Synthetic
Choosing VM LocationsVM StorageVHDs: C:\Users\Public\Documents\Hyper-V\virtual hard disksVMs (configuration): C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Hyper-V
Virtual machinesSnapshots
ConsiderationsPerformanceHard drive spaceSecurityShared storage for failover clustering
iSCSI
Microsoft iSCSI Software TargetiSCSI is a cost effective SAN solutionSupports failover clustering
Uses the existing IP networkCan be a storage array or DAS on a serverFree downloadhttp://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=19867
iSCSI InitiatorInitiator connects to the iSCSI targetTarget must be configured
Use a dedicated NICCan use any iSCSI target
Configuring iSCSITarget: Create virtual disksInitiator(s): Request access to disksTarget: Accept access request from initiator(s)Initiator(s): Refresh configuration to check connectionInitiator(s): Log in to the targetEnable automatic reconnections
Servers: Initialize, format and bring disks onlineNow you can use these disks for your VMs or cluster
Virtual Fibre Channel
External Storage Array
LUN
Hyper-V Server
VM
Virtual Fibre ChannelExtends Fibre Channel into VMsHigh-performance workloadsGuest clusteringExposes SAN functionality
Uses NPIV functionalitySupportGuest: Windows Server 2008 & laterHost: Windows Server 2012
Updated NPIV HBA driver
Live migration just works
vHBA
WWN
NPIV HBA
VM
vHBA
WWN
Virtual Fibre Channel and Live Migration
Live Migrate
Shared Storage
WWPN A: C0:03:FF:78:22:A0:00:14
WWPN B: C0:03:FF:78:22:A0:00:15
WWPN A: C0:03:FF:78:22:A0:00:14
WWPN B: C0:03:FF:78:22:A0:00:15
1. Create A Temporary VM On Destination Hyper-V Server2. Connect Temporary VM’s HBAs To FC Fabric Using WWPN B 3. Verify Temporary VM Has Connectivity To Shared Storage
4. Complete Normal VM Live Migration (copy memory etc..) Limit IO Queue Depth To 1
5. Pause Source VM6. Change Temporary VM To Permanent VM and Start IO7. Logout of FC Fabric and Delete Source VM
Fibre ChannelTips:Requires Windows Server 2008 and later for the guest OSVerify latest drivers & firmware for FC adapterVerify NPIV is enabled on the FC adapterVerify NPIV is enabled on the FC switch port
Note: You may see NPV as a switch option, Hyper-V doesn’t use NPV.
MultiPath I/O (MPIO)
MPIO and MCSMicrosoft MPIO (Multipath IO) and MCS (Multiple Connected Sessions) work transparently with Hyper-VTwo options for multi-paths with iSCSIMultiple connections per sessionMicrosoft MPIO (multi-pathing input/output)
MPIO supported with Fibre Channel, FCoE, iSCSI, SAS
Microsoft Multipath I/O (MPIO)Use more than one path for read and write functions to your storage deviceProvides redundant failover and load-balancing support for disks or LUNsSupports bandwidth aggregationDistribute I/O transactions across multiple adaptersWindows Server feature
Offloaded Data Transfer (ODX)
Hyper-V Host
VHD Stack
Offloaded Data Transfer (ODX)Traditional data copy modelServer issues read request to SANData is read into memoryData is written from memory to SAN
IssuesIncreased CPU & memory utilizationIncreased storage trafficInefficient for SAN
External Storage Array
LUN1 LUN2
Hyper-V Host
VHD Stack
Offloaded Data Transfer (ODX)Offload-enabled data copy modelServer issues offload read request to SANSAN returns token representing requestServer issues write request to san using tokenSAN completes data copy internallySAN confirms data was copied
Reduce maintenance timeMerge, mirror, VHD/VHDX creation
Increased workload performanceVMs are fully ODX-aware and enabled
External Storage Array
LUN2LUN1
Toke
n
Toke
n
Hyper-V ODX Support
• Secure Offload data transfer
• Fixed VHD/VHDX Creation
• Dynamic VHD/VHDX Expansion
• VHD/VHDX Merge
• Live Storage Migration
• Just one example… Average Desktop
ODX0
40
80
120
160
200
Creation of a 10 GB Fixed Disk
Time (seconds)
<1 Second!
~3 Minutes
Storage Virtualization with Spaces
Storage SpacesInbox storage virtualization solution providesPoolingResiliency
Simple spaceMirror spaceParity space
Thin provisioning
Hyper-V Host
Space
JBOD
Storage Spaces & ClustersCluster supports spacesSimple Mirrored
Mirrored spaceCSV redirection from non-owning nodesUse low latency network (10 G or RDMA) for cluster network
Hyper-V Host
Hyper-V Host
CSV
Clustered
Space Space
Shared JBOD SAS
Hyper-V with Windows Server 2012 File Server and SMB 3.0
Hyper-VHyper-VHyper-VHyper-VHyper-VHyper-V
Hyper-V over SMBFile storage for virtualization
What is it?Store Hyper-V files in shares over the SMB 3.0 protocol
Include VM configuration, VHD files, snapshots
Works with both standalone and clustered servers
File storage used as cluster shared storage
File Serve
r
File Serve
r
SharedStorage
Hyper-V
SQLServer
IIS
VDIDeskto
pHyper-V
SQLServer
IIS
VDIDeskto
pHyper-V
SQLServer
IIS
VDIDeskto
p
Hyper-V Cluster
File Server Cluster
Handling Intermittent Network Failure
• Resiliency:
• Transparently Re-establishes Network Connection
Temporary DisconnectX
Normal Operation1
Connections & Handles Re-establishedApplication Does Not Receive IO Error
3
1X3
Hyper-V Host
File Server
\\FS\Share
Hyper-V Host
File Server
13 1
Handling Permanent Network Failure
• Multichannel: • Transparently Uses Alternate Network Path
Permanent Disconnect
X
Normal Operation1
Connections & Handles Failover, Application Does Not Receive IO Error
3
X
\\FS\Share
Clustered
File Server
Node B
File Server
Node A
Handling File Server Node Failure
• Continuous Availability• Transparently Fails Over Share To Different File Server
Failure of File Server,Share Failed Over To New Node
X
Normal Operation1
Connections Re-established,Application Does Not Receive IO Error
3
1
\\FS\Share\\FS\
Share
3
X
Hyper-V Host
ClusteredHyper-V Host A
File Server
Handling Hyper-V Node Failure
•Cluster Client Failover (CCF)• VMs communicate identity• Enables Quick Recovery
Hyper-V Host Failure, VM Starts On Different Hyper-V Node
X
Normal Operation1
Stale Handles Shot Down, New Handles Opened Without Delay
3
1
\\FS\Share
3
Hyper-V Host B
X
Host based Backup And Restore
• Virtual Shadow Service For SMB
• No Change in Flow For Backup
File Server
Hyper-V Host
\\FS\S1
VSS Service
Backup
Agent
Remote VSS
Agent
Remote VSS
Provider
\\FS\S1~ Snap
VSS Service/ Provider
Hyper-V over SMBFile Storage for Virtualization
HighlightsIncreases flexibilityEases provisioning, management and migrationLeverages converged networkReduces CapEx and OpEx
Supporting featuresSMB Transparent Failover - Continuous availabilitySMB Scale-Out – Active/Active file server clustersSMB Direct (SMB over RDMA) - Low latency, low CPU useSMB Multichannel – Network throughput and failoverSMB Encryption - SecurityVSS for SMB File Shares - Backup and restoreSMB PowerShell - Manageability
Windows Server 2012 File Server Disk Deduplication
Use for Virtual Disk LibraryStore more data in less space Redundant copies of segments of VHDs are replaced by a reference to the single copyCompressed and then organized into special container filesEnable-DedupVolume Disable-DedupVolume
Deduplication on a Hyper-V Library
After Deduplication: 1.39 GB of disk used
Before Deduplication: 62.3 GB of disk used
60.9 GB of Savings!
• When picking the disk type, consider how it will be used and change over time
• Clustering requires using a shared storage• SANs• Microsoft iSCSI target is a free solution
• File Server
• MPIO and MSC can be used for additional resiliency
Takeaways
©2013 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Office, Azure, System Center, Dynamics and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.