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Hyphens, Dashes, & Parentheses
Chapter 11
Here’s the idea…
Hyphens, dashes, and parentheses help make your writing clear by
separating or setting off words or parts of words.
Hyphens
Use a hyphen if part of a word must be carried over from one line to the next. • The word must have at least two syllables to
be broken.
Correct: num-berIncorrect: co-de
For example
Ms. Walsh was extremely hap-py when her friends came to visit Chicago.
Hyphens
• Always separate words between syllables
Correct: let-terIncorrect: lette-r
Hyphens
• You must leave at least two letters on each line
Correct: twen-tyIncorrect: a-cross
Hyphens
• Use hyphens in certain compound words.
Examples:
half-dollargreat-grandmother
Hyphens
• Use hyphens in compound numbers from twenty-one (21) through ninety-nine (99)
Examples:
sixty-threetwenty-six
Hyphens
• Use hyphens in spelled-out fractions
Examples:
two-thirdsthree-fourths
Let’s Practice!
When I take my cousins to the carnival, they love to go on the merry go round.
My brother is thirty five years old.
When I make oatmeal for breakfast, I have to include one fourth cup of
boiling water.
My great grandmother was named Ottilia.
Last winter was terrible; it was extremely cold outside.
My dad gets along well with my grandmother; his mother in law.
Mrs. Lilly had a busy summe-r planning for her wedding.
Next year, my brother will turn twenty one.
The cookie recipe called for two-thirds of a cup of sugar.
Dashes
Use dashes to show an abrupt break in thought.
Example:
Louis Braille –who lost his sight at age three- invented an alphabet for blind people.
Dashes
Another example:
Ms. Walsh - who fell and broke her arm at age 10- is deathly afraid of bunk beds.
Parentheses
Use parentheses to set off material that is loosely related to the rest of a sentence.
Example:
Each six-dot cell stands for a character (a letter of the alphabet, a number, a punctuation mark, or a contraction).
Parentheses
Another example:
Mr. Agnew ate a pear (a yellow colored fruit) at lunch today.
Let’s Practice!
Decide: Should you use dashes or parentheses?
My favorite holiday is Halloween ___ Kit Kats are my favorite candy.
My mom grew up on a farm __ she likes to tell stories about her childhood __where they raised
cattle and grew crops.
It’s fun to run a marathon __ which is 26.2 miles in length __ as long as you have trained properly.