Psychology 11-12 Name: _______________________________________ Unit 2: Personality and Individuality Period: ________ Part 8: Humanistic and Cognitive Theories Objectives: 1. Explain Abraham Maslow’s idea of self-actualization. 2. Describe Carl Rogers ‘ view of human behavior. 3. Describe George Kelly’s personal construct theory I. Humanistic Psychology A. __________________________ ________________________________ may be viewed as a rebellion against the rather negative, pessimistic view of human nature that dominated personality theory in the early 1900s. B. Humanistic psychologists object to both _________________________________ and behaviorist approaches on the grounds that they ________________________ human beings. C. Humanists stress our ability to __________________ and _________________ by personal standards and perceptions. D. Humanistic psychology is founded on the belief that all human beings strive for _______________ - __________________________________–that is, the realization of our potentialities as unique human beings. II. Abraham Maslow: Growth and Self-Actualization A. One of the earliest pioneers of humanistic psychology was ________________________ ______________________. Maslow believed people naturally strive to reach their full human potential. B. When Maslow decided to study the most _______________________, ________________________, ____________________ individuals he could find–in history as well as in his social and professional circles–he broke new ground. C. Maslow found that although these people sometimes had great emotional difficulties, they ____________________________ in ways that allowed them to become highly _______________________________.
B. Humanisticpsychologistsobjecttoboth_________________________________andbehavioristapproachesonthegroundsthatthey________________________humanbeings.
C. Humanistsstressourabilityto__________________and_________________bypersonalstandardsandperceptions.
D. Humanisticpsychologyisfoundedonthebeliefthatallhumanbeingsstrivefor_______________-__________________________________–thatis,therealizationofourpotentialitiesasuniquehumanbeings.
II.AbrahamMaslow:GrowthandSelf-Actualization
A. Oneoftheearliestpioneersofhumanisticpsychologywas______________________________________________.Maslowbelievedpeoplenaturallystrivetoreachtheirfullhumanpotential.
B. WhenMaslowdecidedtostudythemost_______________________,________________________,____________________individualshecouldfind–inhistoryaswellasinhissocialandprofessionalcircles–hebrokenewground.
C. Maslowfoundthatalthoughthesepeoplesometimeshadgreatemotionaldifficulties,they____________________________inwaysthatallowedthemtobecomehighly_______________________________.
D. Characteristicsofself-actualizedindividualsincluded:
E. Maslowbelievedthattobecome____________-__________________________,apersonmustfirstsatisfyhisorherbasic,primaryneeds.
F. Hisstudyofself-actualizingpeoplehasbeen_______________________________becausethesamplewas
B. Rogersbelievedthatmanypeoplesufferfromaconflictbetweenwhattheyvaluein_________________________andwhattheybelieve_________________peoplevalueinthem.Rogersbelievedpeopleareconstantlytryingtobecomemore__________________________(self-actualizedorfullyfunctioningashetermedit)andanythingthathelpsoneachievethisisgood.
C. Rogersbelievedtherearetwosidesorpartstoeveryperson.
1. Each person is constantly struggling to become more and more _____________ and ______________.
2. Each individual also has what Rogers called a _______________.
D. Asyourselfdevelopsyouconstantlyseekapprovalor______________________________________.Thispositiveregard,receivedfromothers,ultimatelycreatespositiveregardinsideusindividually,whichhelpsusinbecomingmorefullyfunctioning.
E. Roger’sbelievedthatinoursearchforpositiveregardwedevelop_____________________basedonfeedbackwereceivefromothers.Somepeopleprovide______________________________________onthepositiveregardtheyprovide.Theseareconditionsthatyoumustmeetinordertoregardyourselfpositively.Roger’ssuggeststhattheseconditionsinhibitourabilitytobecome______________________________________________________.
F. Roger’sbelievedthatpeoplecopewithconditionsofworthby______________________partsofthemselvesthatdonotfittheir____________-_____________________.Thiscreatesconflictandfeelingsof___________________________and_______________________________.
H. Roger’sbelievedthecureforthissituationisunconditionalpositiveregard.Ifpeopleimportanttoyouletyouknowtheyvalueyouasyouare,youwilllearntograntyourself_________________________________________________________________________.Youwillbeabletoacceptyourselfandbecomefullyfunctioning.Thismeansthatyouandyourselfimagearethesame.Youarefreetodeveloptoyourfullpotential(self-actualizedorfullyfunctioning).
IV.CognitiveTheory
A. Anotherhumanistictheoryofpersonalitycamefrom_______________________________(1905-1967).Hecalledhistheory___________________________________________________________________.
B. Cognitivetheoryisbasedonanalysisofourown__________________________,_______________________and______________________.Kellybelievedthatourpersonalityismadeupofourthoughtsabout_____________________________andour______________________________.
C. Theprimaryfeatureofthesepersonallyconstructedideasabouttheworldandhowto___________________initistheindividual’santicipations–or________________________–abouthisorherworld.
D. Ourpersonalconstructsarebasicallyourschemas–ourmental________________________________ofpeople,events,andconceptsfoundinour______________________.
E. Kellytookan______________________________viewofhumans.Inhistheory,weare_________________________ratherthan__________________________ofour_________________________.
F. Ourpersonalconstructstendtobe______________________,butweareabletochangetheminlightofnew____________________________.
