---------------~----~---

BECH1L\lTALAND PROT}i~CTO=tA'l'E

R1~PORT

of the

for the

period

31st December, 1951 to 31st December, 1952.

COl\fTENTS

Foreword.

Staff matters.

Expenditure.

Brief Review of the year's work.

Reports by Geological Staff.

Drilling and Shaft-sinking.

Additions to the Library.

Reports and Publications.

Appendix I. Precis of the Mines and lIinerals Proclamation.

Appendix II. Selected Coal -Analyses.

BECHUlUfALAlTD PROTECTORATE GEOLOGIC.ilL SURVEY

ANImAL REPORT

FORSWORD

In preface to this Report it is desired to refer

to the retirement of the Director of Geological Survey,

Nr. B. J. Wayland, c. B. '~., who cer:1.sed duty as from 30th

September, this year. His loss is felt by all, and the

Survey staff join in wishing him well for the future.

The year under revievv has been an abnormal one,

nevertheless much has been accomplished, particularly in

the field of geological mapping, while it has been

satisfactory to note an increasing public interest in the

pos-'~ibili ties of mineral exploitation, save that in the

case of occurrences in the BamangvTato Reserve it appears that

progress cannot be made while the situation regarding the

tribal chieftainship remains as at present. The 1.10 shan eng

asbestos mine, referred to in the last yearts Report, is

developing satisfactorily in the hands of a subsidiary of

Messrs. Marble Lime and Associated Industries Ltd., of

Johannesburg. numerous enquiries have been received as to

the pos::~;ibili ties of mining ventures being cor.cr°llenced in the

Territory: in particular, interest has been shovm in asbestos

and kyanite. Certain visitol"'s to the Department came as

ReI)resentatives of concerns interested in the formal material.

The potential coal resources of this Protectorate

have for some time attracted the attention of the Colonial

Develo~ment Corporation, as well as that of a private

concern, and to place the intensive drilling and

prospecting required for the initiation of the coalfield

develo};ment in the hands of corrr:lercial bodies V'lould appear to be Dell advised. There [:l.re, hov.rever, peculiar

dtfficul ties in rec:r1.rd. to mineral development in this

Terri t01.J , stemning frOI:'l the fctct that rublic Prospecting is noJ~ at present .r:),lJo';red, toe;eth2r with the neeessi ty,

\Ov1181"e a CrOV1Yl Grant or :.Tineral Conces ion is :3 ought , of

obtaining the prior consent of Chief and Tribe ~~en ths

Ql"ea concerned. lies iD (~~ native nl:;Ds1"ve. ]his h;JJ) led to

the ]resGnt iBpasse in the case of mineral potontialities

in the DaY.lang;.vato Reserve, PQrticulnrly 2[2; :cc:carJu the olel

:31J..shIl1an CO).;'81" ~.~ine, some 75 :Jliles nort~~;Ylest of J:?rancistovrn.

lIt is .....

- 2 -

It is by no ~~leans 1ilcely that the m.ine is "Ylorked out!!,

thouGh it lias lone aco closecl 0.o\';'n, but onlJT through

underground eX;3,Ti1in2~tion su.bseq1Jent to de-\Ctateril1[; and if

neceGsar~: re-tinbering, "vil1 sho;s p:cesent-day pos(~,ibili ties_

Once again a cOY:F'crcial concern would be best equipped to

deal with this aspect of the matter, and one has of~ered

to do so, but the difficulty of obtaining consent to

COI1Ll.ence operations ap~\ears as Great as ever.

It is deemed expedient to include in the pr(~8ent

~1(?port a lJrecis of the Protectol"ate :Iin8s and Llinerals

Proclamation, for which the ~riter is indebted to the

Secretariat, T.Iafeking.

It would be mentioned that the present year is

virtually the en(J of the period for which it was originally

intended that C.D.Yl.F. Scheme ]).940 (Geological Survey)

should operate. Estimates for the continuation of the

Survey till 1956 have been scrutinised by the Treasury and

duly submitted wi th full support, here aclmowledged, of the

Protectorate (}overnment. Provisionally therefore, a

further three years of geological V'Jork Vlill be carried out

in this Territory. This is essential, for vvhile a number

of mineral pos~Ji bili ties are at present envisaged, only

contin~J_ed vlork will determine their 'North.

STAFF MATTERS During the period under revievv, the effects of

depletion of staff have been severely felt. The following

resignations took effect durinz the year:

A.L.Sutherland HcLeod(Junior) Learner Diamond Driller.

Dr. G.T. Lamont Geologist.

Dr. ',:\. Poldervaart Chemist/Petrologist.

Recently the Director, IvIr.E.J. Ylayland, C.B.E., proceeded

on leave pending retirement.

Delay in obtaining staff replacements has been

considerable, and diamond drillers particularly are extremely

difficult to get owing to the much higher rates of pay for

the \"lork outside the Terri tory.

It will however be possible to take more practical

steps once the question of the financing of the Survey for

a further period has been finally resolved. This, it is

expected, will be accomplished in the near future (see

first section of this Report). Meanwhile, an addition to

the staff is Mr. P. iN. McIntosh, Drill Foreman, who is at

present working as an assistant to L~r. MacLeod Senior, v!here

/he will •.••• ----//

-------------.-"~

- 3 -

he will gain experience in shot-drilling. establish.rnent is:

The present

Director:

Chemist/Petrologist:

On leave pending retirement. Vacant+

Geologists:

Drill Foreman:

Assistant Drill Foreman:

Learner-Diamond Driller:

Ove;rseer:

E,uropean Clerk:

Lady Clerk (Part-time)

EXPENDITURE

(1) D.Green, IT.A., F.G.S.

(2) C. Boocock, M.Sc.

(3) D.J. van Straten, M.Sc.

(4) Vacant.

~\ .. s. BacL eo d Snr., O. B • E •

p • VI. IilcIntosh.

Vacant.

Il.A. Rostoll.

D.J. Tarrant Banks.

LIrs. E.l.1. Calvert. (left Lobatsi towards the end of 1952 and was replaced by Mrs. D.C. Dean).

+ The duties of this post continued to be carried out by Mr.van straten.

Expenditure during the period under review has

been as stated below:

Capital - £3,232

Recurrent -£13,864

This expenditure is from 1st January to 31st December 1952.

Capital expenditure has to bear the cost of a

new motor vehicle, being a one-tone Chevrolet truck

introduced for the sake of economy on short duration field

trips and Headquarters duties; while it has also been

necessary to renew stocks of lorry tyres and tubes as \'1ell

as of minor spares required relatively frequently. It is proposed to introduce a suitable- accounting procedure by

which tyres and spares will be debited to current

expenditure ( running costs of motor vehicles) as they are

used. Other than the foregoing, no conmlent regarding expenditure would appear to be called for.

BRIEF REVIEW OF THE YEAR'S \'[OPJ{

A brief su~rnary outlining the main features of

the geological work carried out during 1952 is all that will

be given here. Details will be found in other sections of

the Report, particularly those contributed by the various

Officers concerned.

/eoal •••••

-

- 4 -

Coal Exploration

Particular attention is drawn to this phase of

Departmental activity, in that coal appears one of the

most likely materials to prove a valuable economic asset

to the Territory. During the year under review

recomlaissance mapping of the Karroo strata of the

Protectorate has of necessity been much curtailed, but

drilling has been continued as noted under that heading

later in this Report. Coal analyses continue to be

carried out for this Department by the Fuel Research

Institute, Pretoria. A selection of analyses of the

better quality coals 80 far intersected is reproduced at

the end of this Report. Geologist D. Green is

responsible for the Karroo reconnaissance work and

selection of the sites of coal boreholes. Some further

information regarding this will be found in the section

of the Report contributed by this Officer.

Geological Mapping

l'11r. C. Boocock, Geologist, has continued his

detailed mapping, commenced last year, of an extensive

area in the Lobatsi district. The work has been done

by plane table with the aid of aerial photographs. For

fuller information the reader is referred to Mr.. Boocock' 8

Heport.

Laboratory Work

riir. O.J. van Straten has continued the

petrological and chemical work of the Department, v.rhich he

took over from Dr. Poldervaart last year. Details vvill

be found in the section of the Heport contributed by

rIr. van Straten.

Drilling and Shaft Sinking. Notes on this phase of activity will be found

under the aprropriate heading of this Report.

'{later 17ork.

Calls for assistance in the choosing of borehole

sites continue to he received, and indeed only the employment

of geological (and geophysical) methods can give any

prospect of success in this regard. The present shortage

of staff and resultant i:r.1poS ibility of having anyone

Geologist specialise in ~ater work renders it difficult

for the Department to fulfil its obligations in this regard,

though YJater prospects have been examined cl.nd re:;>orted on

/·where •••••

- 5 -

where ever possible. The solution clearly is to proceed

with the already suggested creation of a hydrogeological

section of this Department.

Rl~PORTS BY GBOIJOGIC \L ;:~TAFF

1. Derek Green, Geologist

The writer spent the first three months of 1952

at IIeadquarters, T.Jobatsi. He left for the field on Eay 6th,

at V'lhich time it was intended that he should again return

to Headquarters during July prior to going overseas on

leave at the beginning of August, but owing to the

retirement of Mr. Wayland, Mr. Green was required to

postpone his leave in order to take charge of the Department

pending the appointment of a new Director. The period

since July 1952 has therefore been spent mainly at

Headquarters, though regular monthly visits to the

Department's drilling machine engaged on coal exploration

have been made in order to inspect progress and to car~T-

out core-logging and coal sampling.

From January to May the vvri ter was engaged

mainly on the preliminary work necessary for co~nencement

of reco~naissance mapping of a large area of country lying

north and south of the road from Palapye to Serowe,

Bamang\vato Reserve. Specimens collected during a brief

reconnaissance previously carried out by Dr. G.T. Lamont,

formerly of this Survey, were studied and all available

borehole data were collated. Attention was also paid to

the results of electrical resistivity work carried out by

Dr. Lamont at the sites of boreholes put down for coal near

Palapye. It appeared that the main sandstone horizon

below the coal and shale series could be located by depth­

probing. A base-map of the area was prepared from the

aerial photographs, the method of construction being an

approximate one, giving a line-plot of an uncontrolled

mosaic on the scale of half an inch to the mile, such as had been previously usecl in extensive recolL'1aissance \7or1c.

Field work proper was COL'Tlenced at the beginning

of llay, RS already noted. Prior to proceeding to Palapye

the \Jri ter carried out jointly ni th lTr. O. J. van Stratel1

of this De~artm.ent an exam.ination of (1 rt?ported asbestos

OCctlI'J.:'Cllce near ITole~)ololc, J.3a10Jena. ~~ese::cve. TJ~is '{f~},S

~ound to be unlikely t. prove of ccr~~ercial value ~orth.

TID.te::n:::~ter ob;:;ervations were :;'l~?,de in tbe f:;(1Ele district,

/111, E~ I ..J...':"1. ••••••

-------- .. --.-•. -.-............ -.... --~

- 6 -

The reconnaissance rnap)ins in the Palapye-SeroYife

area was Jirected towards investigations of the Karroo

strata developed there. The area is extensively sand-

covered, an(l much of the vTork was concerned vvi th locating

the sites of older (percussion) boreholes and native wells

on the aeriA.l photographs. Tvro further boring sites in

the Pikwe area were chosen and drilled by the Department,

the bOT.eholes together with the reconnaissance napping,

demonstrntin; the existence of a pre-KRrroo valley filled

vvi th sediments probably of TTiddle Bcca age. The main

coal bearing (Upper Ecca ?) series proved to be extremely

thin, however, and drilling was later suspended, the

machine being moved north to a point eighteen miles west

of Foley Siding (south of Francistown). Traversing had

indicated that an extensive area of grits and sandstones

(probably Middle Ecca) was developed in the east along the

railway line south of Foley, while to the west a thickness

of at least a hundred feet of coals and shales was

developed in native wells. From the results of drilling

in the Palapye area it appears likely that the coals and

shales overly the grits and they may well prove to be

similarly extensive and flat-lying. The proof of this,

however rests upon the drilling results in this flat sandy

Kalahari-type with few natural exposures, and no estimates

of the area of country underlain by coal can as yet be

given., though material from the (J\Iookane) wells may be

noted as probably of good quality_ As a result of the

reconnaissance it also became possib+e to set up a

provisional stratigraphical sequence of other (non-Karroo)

sediments developed in the area. Du Toit's view that the

Dikabi purple shales belong to the VTaterberg System was

adhered to and Dr. Lamont's view that the Pikwe shales are

of Upper Bcca age was abandoned.

Since July, administrative duties have claimed

much of the vvri ter' s time. Attention has however been

devoted to the question of production from aerial

photographs of more accurate maps than have previously been

used, within the limits of plotting resources available.

The radial line method has been adopted in two cases, though

the absence of ground control makes for considerable

difficulty. It is hoped that the astrofixes in suitable

localities will counter this sufficiently for present

purposes.

- 7 -

2. C. Boocock, Geologist

(Review mapping since commencement, from 30.9.51 to 31.10.52).

Detailed geological mapping vIas undertaken

throughout the year, in the Lobatsi-Ootse area, over some

140 square miles of country, bounded on the south by a

line running from the Lobatsi railway dam south-east to

the boundary fence of Pumula and Crichley ?ark farms at

the Transvaal border, the north boundary running in a

general east-south-easterly direction from lIogobane Dam,

in the Bamalete Reserve, to the border fence. The

Bechuanaland Protectorate-Transvaal boundary forms the

eastern limit of the area mapped while on the 1Nest it is

formed by the exposures of Dominion Reef System felsite.

The geological mapping was carried out by plane

table survey. Aerial photographs of the area are

available but owing to the detail of the mapping it was

found to be impracticable to map directly on to the

photographs.

Initially mapping was carried out on a scale of

1:15,840 (4 inches to the mile) but with the acquisition,

during June 1952, of a telescopic alidade and the

possibility of taking long and accurate sights the writer

corrr-1enced mapping on a scale 1: 31680 (2 inches to the mile).

During the first period, from October to June, which included

the summer months, some 60 square mi18s of country 'Nere

mapped. Relatively little geological mapping was

undertaken during July and in the last period, on a scale

of 1:31680 some 80 square miles were geologically surveyed.

Primary objects of this detailed survey were (1)

to map the geological formations and to ilucidate the

geological structure ovving to their very important bearing

on ':later supplies, (2) to investigate any possible

mineralization in the Dolomite series (Transvaal system) and

(3) to determine the stratigraphical position and any

possible economic importance of the so-called nUogobane

series".

The nUogobane series ff comprises a thick

succession of shaly tuffs, siltstones, tuffaceous

sandstone3 and conglomerates overlying the TIominion :lcef

system felsites and being overlain by the Black TIeef series

sediments of the Transvaal system.

W~Bt of the Lobatsi plantation the 0ries rapidly attains

a thickness of 2, 500 fe(:::~t on Mo::colcvr2 fr:trm (:Jlainly

tuffaceous sandstones ~nd conglouer~te8). It thins out

/north of •.•••

- (3 -

north of Pitsnnyane but has a further extensive development

to the north 2_ttaining a thicl:mes~; of some 3,000 feet

(mainly shaly tuffs rtnd Gil tston~:;s) in the C2uethoe~:c f~l,r'!l -

Uncert:linty existcc1 as to whether this

Tl:r,iogobane [3erie8" belonGs to the 'Hi t\;[ater~3rand [;~Tstem or

not but while finfili ty can onl~;- 08 achieved with further

detailed mal)ping to the north, in the nar.10ut~j(1 area, it is

here correlated with the Wolkberg system as defined by

Truter (T.:=:.~LS."~. Vol.52 1950 Pres.Add. pages XXIX - LXXXIX).

Assays of the large boulder conglomerates

inr.1ecliately und.erlyine; the basal Black Heef series beds on

Knockduff farm proved to be disappointing (0.15 dwt. trace

silver) but further assays are still to be carried out on

other conglomerates from the "lTogobane series".

A persistent limestone horizon (with interebedded

shales and marls, particularly near the base) v!as located

in the Magaliesberg stage of the Pretoria series (Transvaal

system) interbedrIed with the shales underlying the main

Uagaliesberg quartzite horizon. A chemical analysis

carried out in the Department's laboratory on a sample

from the southern portion of Woodlands farm showed

relatively high Sl 02 (14.15)~') and high I\IgO (14.655::).

Purther analyses are being carried out on samples from the

northern part of Woodlands and from T-iIarapo-a-Tshwane to

discover whether the horizon becomes less dolomitic and

siliceous in its more northerly development.

During February the v/ri ter carried out

investigations into reported ochre occurrences south of

Kanye but these proved to be without foundation. At the

beginning of July a visit was paid to the Palapye area and

the writer was shown future coal drilling sites in the

Palapye-Foley area preparatory to taking charge of the coal

drilling program.me during Mr. Green's absence on overseas

leave. However, owing to the temporary cancellation of Mr.

}reen's leave, this did not prove to be necessary. During

September a visit was paid to a fluorspar occurrence at

Tshukutswane, in the Bangwaketse Reserve, in the company

of Er. O.{T. van Straten. 'rhe fluorspar bearing quartz vein

was mapped and a series of levels carried out over the

occurrence.

In addition to field work a certain amount of

time during the year was occupied by routine office work,

mainly draughting of maps and plans required for various

reports.

- 9 -

3. O.J.van Straten, Acting Chemist-Petrologist

(Laboratory Report for the period 30th December, 1951

to 31st October, 1952).

(i) During the period under review, Laboratory

facilities were supplemented by the acquisition and

installation of new apparatus ~nd this branch is now in

a position to perform most of the chemical and

petrological examinations which are likely to be required.

Since the acquisition of the platinum ware,

additional apparatus and reagents, the Chemical

laboratory is fully equipped to deal with silicate analyses.

Opaque mineral examinations have been rendered possible by

the purchase of a Normal Incident Illuminator, and five

assays for gold and silver by the installation of the

Braun Assay Furnace.

(ii) Thin section and borehole sample examination:

A total of 477 thin sections have been cut and examined

during this period. This total is lower than that of

the period covered by the previous :=tnnual report, oVTing to

the prevalent shortage of staff and the concomitant drop

in the influx of specimens.

In addition to the routine work, a suite of

specimens from the Halfway Kop Kyanite occurrence was

reported on, and a heaV'J residue comparison from Lotsane

drift was effected.

In the main, the influx of samples from boreholes

ha.s been satisfactory and the writer wishes to acknowledge

the co-operation of the Drilling Br,3,nch of the Public

~.'Iorks Department. As regards the submission of samples

by private drillers, the position, with one notable

exception, is far from satisfactory and much valuable data

is being lost through non-cooperation. This state of affairs is especially true of an area in the Southern

Protectorate.

A report on the water possibilities on the line

Kue-Sandfontein-Nojane, as vvell as identification of

specimens from this traverse was prepared for the Drill

Superintendent. Drilling is now in progreso along the

above traverse and samples Ylill provide invaluable data on

this area both as re,~'~:ards Kalahari anel 'Ore-Kalahari

forlllations.

(iii) Chemical /m::llyses: Full analyses ~;vere performeo_

on the follov:int; sanples:

A fine-grained calcitic material from Ditholong.

1ft, ,....-:llt /..'l. 00, • ! •••

- 10 -

A salt s8;;'~'iple submi ttf~r1 by the Veterinary DepartrJ.ent.

Two ~ater samples from Sero~e qnd ~akops subnitted by the Public Works Department.

A sludge s?x~.ple froE1 the Kc-:ulye r1.iDtrict by T.1r. de Wet •

. 1 Pretoria Series Limestone from the Lobatsi area. ·J:his 8CtiYl1)1:3 \'~r8,S subr1i tt'2~1 h;y ~~r. 30ocock, and the (J,nal;yse s of furtller G::llTlT) 1 '2 '3 from this gen.srp,l c;,rec.i ;:ll'""t;? irl JJ.(].~2.C~~.

In addi tiol1 to t~\::; a.,bove, t~lc follo\-.;ing c18terrHin~ltions

J .. ~l [-:],lJ(ali cleter:tninatiol1 on a syenite fl:;-J::c from

Steisen's Hill, three determinations on dump ~(laterial from

the Tshu~uts~ane Fluorspar Occurrence, qualitative

s .. nalyses on Bushlilan ~Jline ores, and vn,rious::u2vli tative

determinations on ~3~3,mples sub:ni tted for icl entification.

( • \ T • + I . t . . t' T'r I' l V) ..'..JlTlleS vone: _ n conJunc lon rv'l {l l>i.r. u-rel::n, a

~ualitative investigation of all limestone specimens in

the Geological Survey collection DRS und~rtaken in order

to assess general localities o~ occurrences of high Grade

limestones in the Protectorate. On the basis of this

work it was concluded that the most li~ely areas are those

of Naka-la-Phala and hlaipithlwane.

(v) Asbestos: The 'Nriter accompanied Ur. Green to

Uolepolole to investigate reported occurrences of asbestos

in that area. Observations made on this journey together

with the subsequent receipt of asbestos samples from Keng

Pan Wells and Hamathlabama, prompted a mineralogical

investigation of asbestos minerals froIn the Protectorate.

On the basis of results obtained, there is a pos ibility

of occurrence of asbestos of slightly better grade than that

hitherto found in dolerite. ConseQuently the prospecting

of the hlolepolole occurrences may reveal a better class of

fibre at depth. However, as these conclusions are based

on tlle samples from Keng Pan Wells further work in the

Molepolole area should be dependent on field investigations

into the mode of occurrence of the Keng Pan Wells asbestos.

(vi) Glass Sand: Kalahari sands have been examined \lvi th

the object of assessing their worth in Glass production.

Grading analyses and detrital mineral investigations have

been performed on select~d. samples. A small batch of

glass vIas Ytianufqctured in the assay furnace, good results

being obtained. It is concluded, on the bRsis of results

to date, that the Kalahari sands do not possess a grading

suitable for glass manufacture, but that water-transported

Kalahari sand may locally al)proach the correct grading.

1'his is especially true in regard to the sands of the

general northern area (Matetsi-1v1aun) as these sands / display •.•.•

·-~':r1ltWW1i,r~HFtttH~1~-"""N_ ... r."L_. ___ I_'_" IIIiI'IIII!U_' 1II'IIII1"""' _______ I!I!IiIIIIIM'_IIIIJiII'.-IIl!jjjiIU--~-'~'Jl §li¥ -Ifjipe.: .. 4 ~~~,~~~~~'iB-

- 11 -

display a better grade distribution than the finer, red

varieties encountered elsewhere. Removal of the fines

bring the grading up to the requi:ced standard. As yet,

no chemical vvork has been performed, but Ii ttle difficul ty

is anticipated as regards composition 0:: the better samples.

(vii) 'The Radioactive Dyke at Steigen' sHill: Samples of

a marlcedly radioactive Syenite dylce were examined in order

to trace the source of the radioactivity. In hand

specimens the radioactivity becomes very weak and it was

not possible to locate it by mechanical separation of the

minerals and detecting with a sensitive electroscope. It

was deduced that the radioactivity is probably due to a high

potassium content and an alkali determination was

performed with the following results:

K20. · · · · · · .......•..• 10. 47'/

Na20 •••.•....•••.•••• 0.42%

(viii) The Tshukutswane Fluorspar Occurrence: The vlri ter

visi ted this locality on two occasions in company '<vi th

Dr. Lamont and Mr. Boocock respectively. The occurrence

is situated 22 miles from Ootse Siding and on the road

from Kika to Majana. The mineralisation is fluorspar­

Lead-Copper-Zinc and is mainly confined to a quartz vein

in grano-felsite. The occurrence was formerly vyorked by

Mr. Rovlland who sunk two trenches nonnal to the strike of

the vein. A survey of the occurrence was completed by

Mr. Boocock and the two dumps at the main working were

sampled. Analyses are as follows:-

Galena Dump •••••••• Caf2 ______ _ 28. 2j~ -----Galena Dump •••••••• Pb -------------------- 0.975{

Fluorspar Dump ••••• CaF2 _________ 75. 39~;;

The strike distance of the vein is 1200 feet and average

width is about 10 feet. At least 800 feet of the vein is

lmovfn to be mineralised. Spharelite is of very sporadic

occurrence, and samples of this mineral show ap::;reciable

amounts of cadmium on qualitative analysis.

NOTE: Reports by Departmental Staff.

The writer (D. Green) regrets that he has not had

material sufficient to prepare a full report on the work

of the Director of Geological Survey, :rYIr.I~~.J. Vlayland C.E.E.,

vvho has now left the Terri tory. His duties were of course

normal and apart from much administrative 'lvork included a

tour in the northern Protectorate during which a flight by

aeroplane was made over the 11aul1 area.

lIt may •••••

- 12 -

It may be noted that a. home was found for the

archaeological collection made by Mr. ~ayland during his

years in the Protectorate. These collections have been

sent, on loan from the Protectorate Government, to the

National T.Tuseum, Bulavrayo, ',"[here further study will be

T':'tc:tde of them. tTr. ~Nayland contributed to the

Geographical Journal an article entitled IlMore about the

Xalahari il supplementinG a "orevious account by Profe~38or

Debenham. He also completed a paper on Kalahari Sands

for inclusion in the first Survey Bulletin.

DilILLIHG ~\HD 3HAJ?T SIIJKInG

The Department at the present time has two

drills, one a Mangold's combination :nachine and the other

a small Joy-Sullivan diamond drill. The former is

enployed on coal exploration, ryhile the latter, most

regl"'8ttably, h:J.s been idle since the resignation of the

driller formerly in charge of it. Estimates for the

purchase of Rn extra drill for coal Dork have been

3ubwitted. Shaft sinking and eXC8-ya tion are in the hancls

of a J~ropean Overseer. Four boreholes for coal bRve

r)een completed d.urin~; the }')8riod 1.J.nder review, including

one deep hole in the sinking of v~lich inordinate delays

~Nere occasioned by mechanical breakdoYlns. Detter progress

is now being maintained. In the Palapye area, a first

drilling program1ile b.as been completed and an exploratory

shaft designed to intersect the UPiJermost thick seam ne,s,l'"

outcrop is being sunk. Drilling in a new coal area west

of Foley Siding is being initiated. It is hoped that the

first borehole rJill have been completed before the end of

the year.

The economics of drilling are urgently in need of

consideration and review, for while it is highly

desirable that the Department should continue to operate

its O'Nn drills, drillinG by contractors '.'[ould appear

to offer prospects of wlch speedier results, in that

several drills could be irl1mediately engaged on a lJarticular

job, and cost per foot might be considerably reduced.

Linked with this is the difficulty of obtaining drillers,

rates of pay for the work being relatively low in the

Territory.

In certain cases it would be desirable to allow

interested concerns to carry out their OVln drilling • ,.. rl •• f' th· programmes, 1I necessary und_er superv1s1on 0_ _ 18

Department. This as already noted, is bound up with the

question of the prior obtaining of mineral concession or

/Crown Grants •••••

- 13 -

Crown Grants over the area to be prospected and since the

districts to which such a policy in regard to drilling

would refer lie in the Bamangvlato Heserve, it appears

extremely difficult to get any thins done at present.

VISITORS

The usual categories of visitors attended at the

Department during the year. Probably most nrunerous YJere

members of other Departments, particularly the P. '}. D. ,

who availed themselves of the services provided b~r the

Survey in the examinin2 and reporting upon rock and other

samples brought in. Private drillers also figured in

this category. Public interest in the work of the

Department continued to be shown by local residents who

came as visitors or brought samples for examination.

Mining men visiting the Department were almost all

concerned with asbestos prospecting.

ADDITIONS iro THE LIBR[\RY.

Volumes purchased.

Uranium and Atomic Pov/er. J.de :Ment & M.C.Vlake. Chem.Publ. Co.Inc. N.Y.

Silicate Analysis. A.VI.Groves. Allen & Unwin.

Concise Chemical & 'rechnical Dictionary. ED. II.Bennet. Chem.Publ.Co.Inc. N.Y.

Technical Methods of Ore Analyses. A.J.Weinig & Schoder. John Wiley.

Geochemistry. Rankama & Sahama. Univ. Chicago Press.

Exploration Geophysics. Jakosky. Trija Publ. Co.

Microscopic Determination of Ore Minerals. U.S.G.S. Bull.848.

Microscopic Determination of Non-Opaque TIinerals. TJ.S.:J..S. • Bull.9l4.

A Handbook of Rocks. J.? Kemp. Revised F.?Grout. D. van nostrand Co., N. Y.

Vertebrate Palaentology. A.8.Romer. Univ.Chic.Press.

Invertebrate Palaentology. I'wenhofel & Shrock. UcGraw Hill.

Theoretical Igneous Petrology. :8. E. Viahlstrom. JohnWiley,N. Y.

An Introduction to Palaeobotany. C. A. Arnold. LIcGraw Hill Pub. Co.

Ge ological Structure s. Willis & Willis. TllcGraw Hill.

Ore Genesis. J. S. Brown. Thos.:Murphy.

Industrial Einerals 8: Rocks. S.W.:Mudd. Am.Inst.Min.& Met.Eng.

A Practical Handbook of Water Supply. F.Dixey. Thbs.Murphy.

Mining Year Book. ~,'!.E.Skinner (Compiler) 1951 and 1952.

Aerophotography 8: Aerosurveying. J. ~,V .Bagley. McGraw Hill.

Kettridgets Technical French Dictionary. 2 volumes. Kettridge. Routledge 8: Paul.

The Oxford Atlas. O.U.P. reprinted 1952.

/Volumes •••••

•

•

- 14 -

Volume8 Donated

The I\Iiocene Hominoidea of IDast Africa.-J.'S. Ie Gros Clark & TJ. ;::~. B. Leakey. Brit .Mus.

The Pleistocene Fauna of tV10 Blue nile Sites. Arke1, Bate, Yfel1s & Lacail1e • Brit .TJus.

Associated Jaws & Limb Bones of Limnopithecus r-iIacinnesi. ~~~r. E. Ie Gras Clark and D. P. Thomas • Brit .I~lus.

Bulletins 21 8: 22. Geol.Surv. nigeria.

Bechuana1and Protectorate. li. Sillery (Circulated to Gov::;I'nment Departments).

Geology of the Colony of N.Borneo. Bull.No.l G.S.Brit.Terr. in Borneo. H.H.S.Q.

Bulletin de 1a Societe Geologique de Prance.

Hote: fu'1.nual Reports from other Surveys and any other donated pUblications not specifically mentioned are here gratefully ackn.ovl1edged.

REPORTS ~\1TD PUBLIC:~TIONS

1. The Gaberones Granite - Arie Polderva~rt.

2. An Outline of the Geology of the Bechuanaland Protectol"ate - Arie Polderva.'3>rt and Derek Green.

3. Coal in the TIechuanaland Protectorate - Derek Green f: /'1.rie :?olderva~'1rt.

C:lll submitted to -~\.Gs.Serv.Geol./~fr~l. - T..J.r;:..(;./\..lgiers,1952).

4. Eore about the l~alahari - T:~.J.r!aylanc1 (Geographic8.l Journal).

Re~Jorts ,'1nd Naps: Derek Green

(a) Reports

1. ;~onthly Progress l1eports ~rom t~1e :iJ1ield: IIf1Y t: June 1952.

2. :J.eport on the e~c",raination of SOlle asbestos Localities at Uolepololc.

3. ExaBination of limestones an~ dolo~ites in the Survey Collection (jointly ~ith Hr. O.J. van Straten).

4. ~~elJort on drilJi~10 eondi tions at Site No.5 I,lorapule •

5. Gener'al :i.1epo:ct aD th8 "lorIc of the 3ecnuanaland Protectorate G801oGic~tl Survey - SepteTllber 1951 to July 1952. (for D-" ])i VC~-"iT' S '-'(~(~roqc~ +0-' the ,';,lvi <~or'T ('!ourl0.il) ..L • J·._Vt.J '- C~ _'-' __ -,"'--)..J v - ..L.l..\..._ -~.-) J IJ ___ --' •

6. A brief History O~~~' the Bec'(j_ucUl.:1IE1Uc1 Prot2cto::'ate Geological Survey. (for inlornJt1tion of the Gov8T'nment Secretary in connection wi th ':1i.)~-~lication for further funcls).

7. Notes fo~: I-li;j ~-Ionour the: :::':-;;si/_lent CO';:121i[-3 iOrlc-:;r's address to tl~e African Advisory Cou::':lcil.

8. - c1i tto - lor the :Suropec:lll /~dvisory Council.

9. ~ater possibilities at Debeeti (for information of tho ~_:.)-_~.~P0.-tor o~ TI~'olic wo~~~) . __ _. _ .L .L.L. _ _ : I _. L\" ",) •

(b) Llaps

1. Radial line plot of Falapye ~otential coalfield (In - ,reparation).

2. -ditto- Fotential coal area west of Foley Siding (In preparation) •

Reports and :Maps:

(:3.) £~cport s

- 15 -

c. Boocock

P~C05;ress b.;:;)ort concerni:1g ",'Tork carried out (turins the

period 23.5.52 to 30.6.52.

-ditto- 1.7.52 to 31.7.52

-di~to- 1.8.52 to 31.8.52

-ditto- 1.9.52 to 30.9.52

Geological map of the Lobatsi district (In preparation).

rlane '_~able Survey of ])i tsok;Nane (:rsulc.ltswane) fluorspar

occurrence.

Reuorts: O.J. VQD 3traten.

J\.nal~rsis of a l)retoriR. Series Iiimestone - J3. .\. It''rtrm, Lobatsi area.

hlineralogical examination of Asbestos Fibre.

T~odern Silcrete - Ulc7i Pan.

_lnalysis of Specimen L.62 - friable calcite rock from Dit1akong.

Information for Director Geological Survey for reply to an article by Professor Debenham.

Report on 2adioactive Dyke from Steigen 1 s Hill.

Examination of 1inestones and dolomites in the Geological Survey Collection (jointly with Mr. Green).

ILeport on a recol1l'1aissance visit to the Detsolnlane fluorspar occurrence.

Examination of samples of Kyani te from Half Wa3r Kop, Tati Concession.

Comparison of Dvrylca rnaterial from I\;rantshadidi borehole and Lotsani Drift outcrop.

Float-sink tests on borehole samples from Uantshadidi.

Analysis of snIt sample for Veterinary Department.

'inalyses of two \vater sar.:1ples for the Public Works Department.

A.pT~endix to Detsokvrane fluorspar =1eport.

Water bearing possibilities - Kue-Nojane-Sandfontein traverse.

In Preparation

Kalahari Sands as Glass Sands.

lU1g.lysis of Pretoria Series Limestone.

Full report on 'TSuKLltswane (Detsokwane) fluorspar occurrence.

Analysis and examination of a sludge sample from Kanye district.