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Future Office- Trends and Visions for the Office of Tomorrow -
Isabella R. JesemannFraunhofer IAO, Stuttgart
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1. Changing World
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Technological Development and Periods of Growth
1850 1900 1950 2000
Steam Engine
Petrochemistry
Electrical Engineering
Micro Electronics
Information andCommunicationTechnologies
2050
Heavy Industry
Computer Industry
„TIME“ Industries*
Industrial Society
ServiceSociety
InformationSociety
KnowledgeSociety
*Telecommunication, Information TechnologyMediaEntertainment
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2. Global Trends
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Source: Rock, Witt et al., 2000
Percentage of employees doingproduction and assembly work
Percentage of employees doingservice work
Of those: percentage of employeesproviding knowledge-intensiveservices*
1970 2000
40 % 22 %
52 % 75 %
29 % 55 %
*Services that involve processing and transferring information.
Global Trend: Knowledge-Intensive Services
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Eric
sson
Wireless Communication TechnologiesGSM, UMTS, W-LAN, Bluetooth,Cordless Telefony
Global Trend: Information & Communication Technologies
© Seiko Instruments USA Inc.
Digitalisingsimple and intuitive manuscriptrecognition and voice memory and processing
© T
oshi
ba
Display TechnologiesPolymer materials allow for flexible, paper-likesurfaces, »Electronic Paper«
© xybernaut
Wearable Computingnew possibilities to support work
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Wireless Wide Area Network (W-WAN) via GSM, HSCSD, GPRS and UMTS (subject to licensing; max. 2 Mbit/s)Wireless Local Area Network (W-LAN) (no licensing necessary; max. 54 Mbit/s, up to 100 m)Wireless Personal Area Networkvia Bluetooth (no licensing; max. 721 kbit/s; up to 10 or 100 m)Voice Communication via CordlessTelephony (DECT and Dual Mode)
Global Trend: Wireless Work Technologies
W-PANBluetoothTM
W-LANIEEE 802.11bHyperlan 2
W-WANGSMUMTS
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Global Trend: NextGen Human Computer Interface
Microsoft Tablet PC C TechnologiesMagic Stick
Siemens OLED
Organic Light EmittingDisplay
HitLabRetina Display
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the population becomes ever older: in Baden-Württemberg in 2003, for the first time we have got more people over the age of 40 than under 40.
polarisation of society into „poor“ and „rich“
„digital split“ into On-liners and Off-liners
differences between paid work and leisure time are increasingly blurred
independence and orientation towards performance increase
continuing increase of flexibility of work
Global Trend: e-Society
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“Work where and whenever you want!”
“Work where and whenever you want!”
low hierarchiesflexible teamsproject workorientation towardsresultspersonal responsibilitymerging of work and leisure time
time
structure
place
mobilemobile
flexibleflexible
decentraliseddecentralised
“Work at a pre-deter-mined place for a set
time in a fix structure!”
“Work at a pre-deter-mined place for a set
time in a fix structure!”chierarchic enterprisesfixed departmentalstructuresorientation towards timecontroldivision between workand leisure time
Globa Trend: Increasing Flexibility of Work
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1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Time
Impo
rtan
ceof
indi
vidu
alof
fice
conc
epts
forn
ewly
cons
truc
ted
build
ings
low
high
Ope
n pl
an o
ffice
Comfort single cube officeStandard single cube office
Group o
ffice
Combin
ation
office
revers
ible o
ffice
Virtual
office
Source: Giesemann et. al.; Dresdner Bank Immobiliengruppe, 1999
Global Trend: Flexible Office
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Multi-Scenario OfficeTask-oriented mix of different types of workspaces
Morphing OfficeFlexible adaptation to different work scenariosthrough highly flexible and/orvariable office furniture
A co-existence of several simultaneous, but differing work scenarios will determine thefuture of work. This requires office concepts with high variability and flexibility.
Work style
Stay
temporary
stationaryco-operative concentrated
Mob
ility
Interaction
Team work in closed groups
Team workin temporarywork teams
Concentratedindividual work
Hot Desking
Homeworking
Creativeteam work
MobileWorking
Global Trend: Multiple Work Scenarios
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100%6040200
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
presence at work place
30
60 6070
40
85
25
average 53 %
Ex. Advertising Agency (referring to an 8-hour workday, weekends excluded)
100%6040200
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
presence in the office building
6070 65
90
4060
80average 60 %100%80706050403020100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
21
36 39
56
16
76
15
average32 %
presence at one’s own office work place
Creative
Key-Account
Audio-videoGraphics
MediaStrategy
Secreterial
External MobilityExternal Mobility
Internal MobilityInternal Mobility
Global Trend: Mobility of Work
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Isolation
Mob
il ity
high
low
low high
Global Trend: Tele-Work
mobiletele-work
alternatingtele-work
tele-work insatellite or
neighbourhoodoffices
tele-workat home
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3. Motivation
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0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
-0,1
-0,2
-0,3Typ A:
StationaryTyp B:
changing, in the office
Typ C: mobile & variable
Kelter; Lozano:Office 21® Research»Office Performance«, 2002
Office Performance IndexWork Motivation
1Very lowOffice-Performance
2 43 65 7Very high
Office-PerformanceAverage
I feel verymotivated
I don‘t feel motivatedat all
0 MW = 5,31
- 0,31
+ 0,07
+ 0,35
Wor
k M
otiv
atio
nav
erag
e+ 0,14
- 0,01 - 0,09
Offi
ce P
erfo
rman
ce In
dex
[iper
f] av
erag
e
MWiperfges = 4,45
Motivation and Performance of Different Types of Work
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5. What‘s to do?
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FUTURE
InteractionM
obili
ty
high
low
high low
Closed teamspace
club/open
team space
Cabin / cell
bee hive
TODAY
Interaction
Mob
ility
high
low
high low
Closed teamspace
club/open
team spacebee hive
cabin / cell
Quantitative Distribution of Office Work Space
We need „new work concepts“ like
Non-territorial Office Concepts
Tele-Work
Mobile-Work)
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OFFICE INDEX 2000What importance do „new work concepts“ have to your enterprise?
We have notthought about thispossibility(32,6%)
It is nothing for us (3,6%)
We are experimentingwith them (29,1%)
We work like this forthe most time (10,1%)
We are interested in / thinking about them
(24,6%)
[n=838] Fraunhofer IAO, Stuttgart
Assessment of Future Developments
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5. Time for Innovations
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Variability and possibilities formodifying the room structure
Offers to change the work environment(„environment of excitement“)
Mix of different basic modules to furnish and equip the office
New distribution of office space
Room height as a new dimension(Lofts etc.)
Transparency and openness
Open Space Office, Vitra, Weil am Rhein
Atrium, SOL, Helsinki
»Space Move«dividing wall system
Flexible Room Structures
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Innovations are mostly developedthrough exchange and conversationwith others
Supportive atmosphere for formal and informal communication
Selection of suitable furniture and equipment modules
Fixed points in everyday office life („well-being and motivational factor“)
»Piazza«, Office Innovation Center, Stuttgart
Communication & Quality of Encounters
Sofa corner, SOL, Helsinki
»War Room«, Steelcase USA
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Communication & Quality of Encounters (Examples)
FinanzIT, Hannover
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Shape and design as a contribution to well-beingand motivation
Contribution to thedevelopment of a corporate culture
Support of emotional factors and multi-sensuous experiences
Support for creativeprocesses of bothindividuals and teams
Creative, Sensuous Atmosphere
»Creativity Landscape«, at the Office Innovation Center, Stuttgart
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Yapi Kredi Bank, Istanbul
Inte
rpol
is, T
ilbur
g
Monsanto, Chicago
Offi
ce In
nova
tion
Cen
ter,
Stut
tgar
t
Deu
tsch
Ban
k, L
ondo
n
BMW, München
Creative, Sensuous Atmosphere (Examples)
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Interactive electronic walls
Table surfaces as „electronicpaper“
Interactive, mobile flat screensas electronic writing desks
Mobile, connected wirelessinteractional devices forcollaborative creative work
Support by New Technologies
Future Office Dynamics, Research project of Fraunhofer IPSI and ETH Zurich together withWilkhahn
Future Media Lab, Fraunhofer IAO, Stuttgart»Nova Desk«
Fraunhofer IAO,Stuttgart
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6. Project OFFICE 21
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Aims and Contents of OFFICE 21®
Research and Development– developing scenarios of future work
environments– deducting results and solutions close to practical
work– providing access to research findings for the
partners
Partner Network and Public Relations– exclusive platform for professional and informal
interaction– image development for the project partners as
innovation leaders– presence at important fairs and wide range of
public relations activities in the media
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Next Generation Internet
Entwicklung
Entwicklung
Founded as a conjoint project across several industrial sectors
Opening of theOffice Innovation Center in Stuttgart
Development of the global scenariosMETROPOLIS, EDEN and ORION
Furtherdevelopementof the GENIUS scenario
ImmoCheckOffice Commander COMETSpace Move
Summary publication in the OFFICE 21® book
Opening of the Interactive CreativityLandscape 2001
»Office Performance«
New book OFFICE 21®
Technology roadmap 2012
Further scenario developementGENIUS II
1996 – 1998 1998 – 2000 2000 – 2002 2002 – 2004 . . . . 1996 – 1998 1998 – 2000 2000 – 2002 2002 – 2004 . . . .
OFFICE 21®-Roadmap
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Office Innovation Center
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Global scenario of future office worlds Working day in 2012
Global Scenario Genius II
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If everything is under control you are just not driving fast enough.
Stirling Moss(Formula 1 Racer * 1929)