INTERNAL CONFLICT The ID Pleasure seeking- primitive impulses Present at birth Behavior based on how it will influence the self o THE SUPER EGO o THIS IS THE MORAL PART OF THE PERSONALITY; A PRODUCT OF SOCIALIZATION. OEDIPUS COMPLEX o THE EGO-IDEAL = STANDARDS OF GOOD BEHAVIOR THAT WE ASPIRE TO. - INSTILLED BY OUR CAREGIVERS- THAT “INNER VOICE” o DEPENDING ON WHICH IS ACTIVATED, THE SUPEREGO IS SEEN AS THE SOURCE OF REWARDS OR PUNISHMENTS o THE EGO: o IT OPERATES ACCORDING TO THE REALITY PRINCIPLE. IT CONTROLS THE ID'S DRIVE FOR IMMEDIATE SATISFACTION UNTIL AN APPROPRIATE OUTLET CAN BE FOUND. PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE
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INTERNAL CONFLICT
The ID
Pleasure seeking- primitive impulses
Present at birth
Behavior based on how it will influence the self
o THE SUPER EGOo THIS IS THE MORAL PART OF THE
PERSONALITY; A PRODUCT OF SOCIALIZATION. OEDIPUS COMPLEX
o THE EGO-IDEAL = STANDARDS OF GOOD BEHAVIOR THAT WE ASPIRE TO. - INSTILLED BY OUR CAREGIVERS- THAT “INNER VOICE”
o DEPENDING ON WHICH IS ACTIVATED, THE SUPEREGO IS SEEN AS THE SOURCE OF REWARDS OR PUNISHMENTS
o THE EGO:o IT OPERATES ACCORDING TO THE
REALITY PRINCIPLE. IT CONTROLS THE ID'S DRIVE FOR IMMEDIATE SATISFACTION UNTIL AN APPROPRIATE OUTLET CAN BE FOUND.
PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES ORAL STAGE
(Birth to 18 months) focused on oral pleasures (sucking).
Oral Fixation- stronger tendency to smoke, drink alcohol, over eat, or bite his or her nails.
Personality-dependent upon others, gullible, and perpetual followers. OR fight these urges and develop pessimism and aggression toward others.
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES ANAL STAGE
(18 months to three years) focus of pleasure in this stage is on eliminating and retaining feces.
Anal Retentive vs. Anal Expulsive
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES PHALLIC STAGE
Ages 3 – 6 Focus on the genitals. Oedipus Complex (boys) Electra Complex (girls)
Identify with father rather than fight him- develops masculine characteristics and identifies himself as a male
Fixation= Sexual Deviences (overindulging vs avoidance) and/or weak or confused sexual identity according to psychoanalysts.
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES LATENCY STAGE
6 – puberty
Sexual urges remain repressed
children interact and play mostly with same sex peers.
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES GENITAL STAGE
Puberty on to late adulthood
At the start of puberty when sexual urges are once again awakened.
Through the lessons learned during the previous stages, sexual urges “directed to” onto opposite sex peers
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Regression is a movement back in psychological time when one is faced with stress
Repression- "motivated forgetting," not being able to recall a threatening situation, person, or event
Reaction formation- changing an unacceptable impulse into its opposite.
Denial - blocking external events from awareness
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Asceticism - or the renunciation of needs
Displacement - is the redirection of an impulse onto a substitute target
Turning against the self - the person becomes their own substitute target
Projection- tendency to see your own unacceptable desires in other people
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Altruistic surrender - attempts to fulfill his or her own needs vicariously, through other people
Undoing- gestures/rituals to cancel out unpleasant thoughts /feelings after they've occurred
Introjection- (Identification)- taking into your own personality characteristics of someone else
Rationalization - cognitive distortion of "the facts" to make an event/impulse less threatening
Sublimation - transforming an unacceptable impulse into a socially acceptable/ productive form
CARL JUNG Collective unconscious: a
shared/inherited well of memory traces from our ancestors called archetypes, or images and ideas that have universal meaning (e.g., mandalas)
Show up in dreams and cultural symbols
CARL JUNG: ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY
Less emphasis on social factors more on unconscious
Introverted and extroverted personality types
ALFRED ADLER: INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY
Childhood is important to personality- focus on social (not sexual)
Goal of behavior = to conquer inferiority and feel superior.
Inferiority Complex
Compensation
First to study birth order
FREUD AND NEOFREUDIANS
Areas of Agreement
Structures of mind
Unconscious is important
Shaping in childhood
Anxiety and defense mechanisms
Areas of Disagreement
Our conscious mind has more power in coping with the environment
Sex and aggression are not the only motivators
Sex is not the basis of personality
TESTING THE PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE
Thematic Apperception
Rorschach Ink-Blot Tests
Free association
Abraham Maslow:
Self Actualiza
tion
Focus on th
e
healthy – people are
basically good and
self actualiza
tion
Unconditioned Positive Regard
Carl Rogers: Person Centered
HUMANISTIC
PERSPECTIVE
ASSESSMENT AND CRITICISMS
Questionnaires (actual self with ideal self)
Interviews Intimate
conversations
Vague and subjective
Emphasis on individualism: promote self indulgence, selfishness, and lack of moral restraint?
Are we inherently evil and/or self indulgent?
BARNUM EFFECT
18
Factor analysis is a statistical approach used to describe and
relate personality traits.
MMPI
Myers-Briggs
Cattell 16 Personality Factor (16PF)
inventory.
Hans and Sybil Eysenck Basically 2
The Big
5
TRAIT PERSPECTIVEBehavior
patterns (traits)
that dominate
our behaviors.
Where would the following be located?RestlessOutgoingPessimisticPassive
