1. SEMINARONI-RAM(Intelligent Random AccessMemory)PRINKA GARGMCA-IIIrd(5th sem) MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

2. CONTENTSINTRODUCTIONHISTORYDEFINITIONPIMHOW IRAM WORKSGIGABYTES I-RAM STORAGE DEVICEWHO IS I-RAM???TECHNOLOGYPRODUCTSI-RAM MEMORYI-RAM BOXGENERATIONWILL I-RAM DOMINATE? 3. CONTENTSI-RAM PLUGINSDIFFERENCE BETWEEN RAM AND I-RAMBENFITSHOW TO CALCULATE RAM SPEEDPOTENTIAL ADVANTAGES OF I-RAMPOTENTIAL DISADVANTAGES OF I-RAM 4. Introduction About I-RAM (IntelligentRandom Access Memory)GIGABYTEs custom intelligent controller, i-RAM acts like a regularSATA hard drive at theoretically 1.5Gb/s data transfer rate. Most of all, the major issue of data lost after powering down issolved by I-RAMs backup battery which is charged by your system on thefly.Power Interface PCI( Peripheral Component Interconnect) 2.2 mechanical compliant slot Support PCI 3V & 5V SlotData Transfer Interface One onboard SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment, )connector supports 1.5Gb/s data transfer rate 5. Introduction About I-RAM (Intelligent Random Access Memory)Memory Interface Memory Slot : 4 DIMMs Memory Type : Unbuffered / Non-ECC DDR 200/266/333/400MHz Memory Capacity : 4GB Memory Height : up to 4.2mmBackup Battery One 1,600mAh lithium batteryBattery Capacity Indicator 4-level LED battery capacity indicator One red battery capacity indicator button 6. Introduction About I-RAM (Intelligent Random Access Memory)Form Factor 22 x 10.4cmSystem Requirement One available PCI 2.2 compliant slot One available SATA 1.5Gb/s compliant connector GIGABYTE Motherboards based on the following chipsets: Intel : ICH6 / ICH7 / ICH8 / ICH9 series VIA : 8237R/8237R+/8237A SiS : 964 NVIDIA : NF4 SLI / NF4 4X / NF4 SLI Intel Edition + MCP04ULi : M1689 7. Introduction About I-RAM (Intelligent Random Access Memory)Package Content One GIGABTE i-RAM One SATA 1.5Gb/s cable One i-RAM CD Driver One i-RAM Manual 8. I-RAM 9. History In a 19962004 research project inthe Computer Science Division of the University ofUniversity of California, Berkeley,theBerkeleyIRAMCalifornia, Berkeleyprojectexplored ComputerArchitecture enabled by the widebandwidth between memory andprocessor made possible when bothare designed on the same integratedcircuit (chip). 10. Definition of IRAM(Intelligent RAM) Intelligent RAM, or IRAM, merges processing and memory into asingle chip to lower memory latency, increase memorybandwidth, and improve energy efficiency as well as to allow moreflexible selection of memory size and organization. In addition, IRAMpromises savings in power and board area. 11. Definition of IRAM(Intelligent RAM)This idea was introduced because of the two reasons:1)the gap between processor and DRAM speed is growing at 50% peryear; 12. Definition of IRAM(Intelligent RAM)2) The size and organization of memory on a single DRAM chip isbecoming awkward to use in a system. The aim of Intelligent RAM is to intend a cost-effective computerby designing a processor in a memory manufacture process, instead ofin a standard logic fabrication process, and contain memory on-chip. 13. PIM or Intelligent RAM (IRAM) PIM (processor-in-memory) or IRAM (intelligent RAM)approaches couple processor execution with large, high-bandwidth, on-chip DRAM banks. PIM or IRAM merge processorand memory into a single chip.Advantages: DRAM can accommodate 30 to 50 times more data than thesame chip area devoted to caches. On-chip memory may be treated as main memory - in contrast toa cache which is just a redundant memory copy. PIM decreases energy consumption in the memory system due tothe reduction of off-chip accesses. 14. PIM or Intelligent RAM (IRAM)PIM Challenges: Scaling a system beyond a single PIM. The DRAM technology today does not allow on-chip coupling of highperformance processors with DRAM memory since the clock rate ofDRAM memory is too low. The PIM approach can be combined with most processor organizations. 15. How I-RAM WorksThe expected advantages of IRAM are higher memory bandwidth (upto two orders of magnitude), lower memory latency, higher energyefficiency, flexible memory granularity and board space savings.The interconnection of processor and memory within the chip, bothat the architecture and circuit level.It has to meet the processor requirements for high memorybandwidth and low memory latency in order to achieve high systemperformance.There are two other basic components: Memory subsystem Memory crossbar 16. How I-RAM WorksFigure Vector IRAM system floorplan 17. Gigabytes I-RAM storage deviceRAM disk without the fuss Gigabyte unveiled the I-RAM, a $150 solid state-storagedevice that plugs directly into a motherboards Serial ATAport, accommodates up to four run-of-the-mill DDR SDRAMmodules, and behaves like a normal hard drive without the need foradditional drivers or software.Figure:i-RAM, packed tothe gills with 4GBof OCZ ValueSeries memory 18. Gigabytes I-RAM storage deviceI-RAM revealed The I-RAMs greatest asset iseasily its simplicity. The card with memory, plug it into an available PCI slot, attach a Serial ATA cable to your motherboard, and youve got yourself a solid-state hard drive. I-RAM with four DIMM slots,each of which can accommodateup to 1GB of unbuffered memory. 19. Gigabytes I-RAM storage deviceI-RAM revealed The Spartan-3 is programmed to actas the i-RAMs memorycontroller, Serial ATA controller, andthe link between thetwo, accomplishing three tasks withone piece of silicon. Gigabyte also equips theI-RAM with a rechargeablelithium ion battery thatpacks 1600 milliamp-hoursof power. 20. Who is I-RAM????I-Ram Technology TM is the newest division of AvantTechnology, one of the largest and oldest memory manufacturingcompanies in the United States. With 24 years in business, we havemastered the art of manufacturing RAM for PCs, Servers, and otherOEM machines. Now its time for Apple. After years of engineering andtesting along with a significant financial investment we are proud tooffer I-Ram. The best 3rd party solution for Apple memory upgrades100% Tested and CompatibleISO Certified Manufacturing 21. I-RAM Technology The human dependence on machines is increasing for every humanactivity for error free decisions, control, and information generation anddistribution ultimately for improving the human lives. This trend results innetworking of the machines, appliances, devices and objects(things) forexchanging information between machine-to-machine and machine-to-humans.Slide 1 Slide 2 22. I-RAM TechnologySlide 3Slide 4Slide 5 Slide 6 23. I-RAM TechnologySlide 7Internet, the most innovative, successful and massive network evercreated by humans. The World Wide Web and Social Networking are themost two successful application on the Internet iRam is working on All-IP based Wireless Mesh Networkingtechnologies for realizing a scalable, secure and cost effective Internet ofThings 24. Products of I-RAMSmart Grid Smart Grid provides smooth and efficient delivery of electricityfrom suppliers to consumers using two-way digital communicationtechnology to save energy, reduce cost and increase reliability. 25. Products of I-RAMStreet Light Management Solution iRam Technologies brings the next generation wireless mesh technologyto the streets to save energy, improve efficiency and reduce the cost.iRam provides solutions for various scenarios: Classical street lighting solutions: provides automation and connectivity to theexisting sodium vapor Lamps Existing LED light installations Greenfield deployment of fully two-way connected LED lights.iRam provides unmatched features that helps in reducing the energyand maintenance cost while improving the up-time: Scheduled ON/OF Daylight harvesting Real-time energy consumption, cost, CO2 release, saving, projected cost Event notification in case of power failure, light failure Lifetime of the LED/bulb Remote control and monitoring through Internet using PC,Tablets,Mobile Phones 26. Products of I-RAMStreet Light Management SolutionAdditional features: Dimming during midnight when there is no traffic Diming for daylight harvesting Lighting control based on (ON, OFF, Dimming) Motion detectionAdditional Applications with incremental cost: Environmental monitoring (Temperature, Humidity, pollution levels) Security and Safety applicationsOil & Gas I-Ram Technologies provides solutions for Oil and Gas automation usingwireless mesh technology..... 27. Products of I-RAMBuilding AutomationI-Ram technologies provides complete product solution portfolio forbuilding management including automated lighting, energymeasurement, displaying energy consumption information to the user inreal time, fire and smoke detection and HAVC control. All the solutionscome with ability to monitor and control over the Internet.Key Features: Daylight harvesting / dimming of lights based on daylight Lights ON/OFF/Dimming based on detection of peoples presence Real-time energy consumption, savings, etc. Statistics Controlling and monitoring over Internet Applications over smart phones are also provided to perform the sameoperations using phones at user convenience. Modules normally operate using AC main supply with battery backup availablefor few days. 28. Products of I-RAMConnected HomesWe provide various solutions for Smart HomesThe Solutions include: Home safety/security Home Automation and Control Energy Management Smart appliances and entertainment systemsIndustrial AutomationI-Ram Technologies provides innovative solutions for IndustrialAutomation using wireless mesh technology for industrial automation,remote data collection and monitoring. iRams customized industrialapplication solutions provide cost effective and efficient industrialoperation and improved decision making with real-time data capture. 29. Products of I-RAMEnvironmental MonitoringAn efficient environmental monitoring enables the national authoritiesto better manage the global warming threat. iRam has developedinnovative solutions to monitor the environment pollution level over alarge area with very cost effective methods. The measured gases areCarbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur, Ammonia and particles in air.Key Features: Multiple low cost sensors can be deployed over ten sq. km area to collect theair samples. Modules mainly run on Line supply, optionally using solar energy with large battery back up to operate during nights. Central server collects data from all sensors, analyses, generate reports andmaintain history of the reports. Modules are enclosed in weatherproof enclosures, pole mountable. 30. Products of I-RAMI-RAM is also used for PlugsThe CPU gets more of the work load from plugins. Watch the SystemUsage window---CPU (RTAS). A faster processor would be the best forlots of plugins. 31. Products of I-RAMI-RAM Drill.Product DescriptionIram 12 4 Head Paper Drill Min Distance between holes 60mm Max pile height 65mm Hydraulic table lift 32. I-Ram Memory :: The best 3rd party solution for Apple memory upgrades. Upgrading your memory is the cheapest and easiest way to give yourMac a performance boost! iRam Technology features memory upgrades for all of the latestApple machines as well as Macs that date back to the G3 PowerMac, thefirst generation PowerBook, and more. 33. I-RAM-BOXThe i-RAM BOX became available August 2007. It is essentially afull-width, half-height drive bay implementation of the PCI revision 1.3producti-RAM Box main differences: Half height 5.25" drive bay format Connects to a SATA port instead of the PCI bus Uses a standard 24-pin ATX(motherboard)power cable for standby current (Y cablesupplied) Uses a standard 4-pin Molex power connector A fan header appears on PCB Slightly more spacious PCB layout 34. Generations of I-RAMSecond Generation i-RAM The second generation i-RAM, GC-RAMDISK, was on displayat Computex 2006. Rather than using a PCI slot for powering the drive,Gigabyte had implemented the GC-RAMDISK as a 5.25" drive unitpowered from a 4-pin Molex Connector. 35. Generations of I-RAM3T I-RAMGeneral Description: The name "3T-iRAM" comes from the three-transistor cell designplus the letter "i" -- the engineering symbol for electric current -- torepresent the current-sensing technology employed.3T-IRAM Speed:The dramatic speed of 3T-iRAM was achieved by re-designing theDRAM read mechanism to react to changes in current rather than changesin voltage. 3T-iRAM chips incorporate another speed advantage. 3T-iRAMchips require no idle time at all on turnaround; this contributes to theirspeed. 36. Generations of I-RAM3T I-RAM3T-IRAM Density 3T-iRAM provides twice the capacity of standard SRAM in exactlythe same footprint. The reason for this is simple: standard SRAMtechnology requires six transistors for each memory cell, but each 3T-iRAM cell needs only three transistors.3T-IRAM Soft Error Resistance3T-iRAM is built on DRAM technology, it shares DRAMsreliability; like DRAM, it is more resistant to soft errors than SRAM. 37. Generations of I-RAM3T I-RAM 38. Will intelligent RAM dominate?Getting increasing attention is putting processing power directlyon RAM chips. One technique has been referred to as IntelligentRAM (IRAM).Another variation on this concept is known as Data IntensiveArchitecture(DIVA), and features four processors per memory chip.The DIVA architecture would not be ideally suited to the PCarchitecture, it could be used in niche areas, such as computergraphics.One can choose to put large amounts of cache directly onchip, or put processors directly on RAM; either way, future chips aregoing to consist mostly of memory elements. 39. I-RAM Plug Ins 40. Difference between RAM and I-RAMRAM(Random Access I-RAM(IntelligentMemory) Random Access Memory)1. When power is switched off all 1. When power is switched off data isdata is lost or volatile. not lost, if the battry is charged.2. There is no battery card.2. I-RAM card provides with battery.3. Figure:3. Figure:4. RAM memory can be4. I-RAM memory can be 4GB.1GB,2GB,4GB and 8GB.5. It require six transistor for each 5. It require just three transistors.memory cell. 41. Benefits of IRAMHere are some of the ways to use and benefit from the IRAM:1. Set the internet temp folder to the ram drive. This will greatly increase surfing speed.2. Set the swap file to the Ram Drive There is the on going argument on the swap file usage and large amounts of system memory3. Put programs you use often and that are critical for speed:- Games- Graphic Editing- Data programs with large data bases requiring sorting 42. How to calculate RAM speed1Download the Windows Memory Diagnostic from the Microsoft site(link below). There is no charge for the download, and the tool will run acomprehensive list of system tests in addition to the RAM test.2 Print a copy of the diagnostic tool user guide, which is also availableon the linked download page, as you will not be able to refer to the onlinecopy while the tool is running.Sponsored LinksArcade ControlsWorlds Favorite Source for Advanced Controls and Interfaceswww.ultimarc.com3Launch the executable file (mtinst.exe) following the download, andchoose "Create Startup Disk" to create a floppy or optical disc of thediagnostic tool. 43. How to calculate RAM speed4Shut down your computer, and reboot it with the floppy or optical discon which you installed Windows Memory Diagnostic in the appropriatedrive.5Agree to the Microsoft end-user license, and the first test pass willbegin. You can view the test progress, which is designed to take less thana half-hour, on the user interface.6 Review the test results, which will appear on the interface. Exit thediagnostic tool once the first test has completed, as it will continue to runover and over again.7Make certain to remove the startup disk you created, and then restartyour computer. 44. Potential Advantages of IRAM Lower Latency. Energy Efficiency. Memory Size and Width. Board Space. Fast transfer rate Fast access time No moving parts Lower cost than traditional solid-state drives Unlimited write cycles compared to flash memory Doesnt slow down over time 45. Potential Disadvantages of IRAM Area and speed of logic in a DRAM process Area and power impact of increasing bandwidth to DRAM core Retention time of DRAM core when operating at high temperatures Scaling a system beyond a single IRAM Matching IRAM to the commodity focus of the DRAM industry Testing IRAM High cost compared to traditional hard drives Low capacity (4 GiB maximum) Transfer rate restricted by SATA 150 bus (1.5 Gbit/s) Not physically compatible with all double-sided DDR RAM modulesusing heat spreaders due to tight spacing Power loss causes data loss 46. Potential Disadvantages of IRAM The battery can fail, potentially difficult to find a replacementbattery Adding memory wipes data from all modules No ECC (Error Checking and correcting) support 47. I-RAM Parts Discription: 48. Smart Home 49. Queries..?? 50. THANKS