SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Titanium Congress-Center, Munich, FRG September 10-14, 1984
Edited by
G. Lutjering Technische Universitat Hamburg-Harburg, FRG
U. Zwicker Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, FRG
W. Bunk Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fUr Luft- und Raumfahrt, Cologne, FRG
VOLUME 1
DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FOR METALLKUNDE E.V.
I_ -
Titanium, Science and Technology
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Titanium, September 10-14, 1984, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany
Edited by: G. Lutjering, U. Zwicker, W. Bunk
ISBN 3-88355-081-7 to 3-88355-084-1
Volume 1, ISBN 3-88355-081-7
© 1985 by Deutsche Gesellschaft Wr Metallkunde e. V., Adenauerallee 21, 0-6370 Oberursel 1
Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany
These Proceedings are dedicated to the memory of
Prof. Dr. H. F. Hunter
who, by his pioneering work in the metallurgy of titanium, produced the first metallic sample with a sufficiently low oxygen content to be deformable at elevated temperatures. The reduction of titanium tetrachloride by sodium invented by him is still in use for producing titanium sponge on an industrial scale and is called the "Hunter Process".
Organization of the Fifth International Conference on Titanium
H. Kessler P.Lacombe A. F. Belov H.Kimura N. Paton P.H. Morton U.Zwicker
Conference Chairman
Vice-Chairmen
Financial Chairmen
Editorial Chairman
Tours Chairman
International Committee
American Society for Metals Societe Franc;:aise de Metallurgie The Academy of Sciences USSR The Japan Institute of Metals The Metallurgical Society of AIME The Metals Society Deutsche Gesellschaft fUr Metallkunde
Executive Committee
U.Zwicker Universitat Erlangen-Ni..irnberg
W. Bunk Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fi..ir Luft- und Raumfahrt, Kain
G. Li..itjering Technische Universitat Hamburg-Harburg
P. Esslinger'---------Motoren- und Turbinen-Union, Mi..inchen
K. Ri..idinger Thyssen Edelstahlwerke AG, Krefeld
G. Li..itjering Technische Universitat Hamburg-Harburg
P.-J. Winkler Messerschmitt-Balkow-Blohm GmbH, Mi..inchen
Conference Management Chairman V. Schumacher Deutsche Gesellschaft fi..ir Metallkunde e. V., Oberursel
Members J. Berggreen Messerschmitt-Balkow-Blohm GmbH, Augsburg
J.Breme Universitat Erlangen-Ni..irnberg
K.-H. Kramer Krupp Stahl AG, Essen
J.Lange Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke AG, Duisburg
M. Peters Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fi..ir Luft- und Raumfahrt, Kain
FOREWORD
The First International Conference on Titanium, held at the Royal Festival Hall, London, Great Britain, May 21-24, 1968, was organized by an International Committee with members from four countries: the United Kingdom, represented by the Institute of Metals, Japan, represented by the Japanese Institute of Metals, the USA, represented by the Metallurgical Society of AIME and the American Society for Metals, and the USSR, represented by the
·Academy of Sciences of the USSR. The Proceedings of this First International Conference on Titanium, edited by R. I. Jaffee and N. E. Promise!, were dedicated to Dr. W. Kroll, who invented the reduction of titanium tetrachloride by magnesium and who melted the spongy metallic product to a solid button which could be rolled at room temperature into a thin sheet. The Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Titaniu·m, which took place at the Kresge Auditorium, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA, May 2-5, 1972, were edited by R. I. Jaffee and H. M. Burte and dedicated to Prof. Dr. M. Hansen for his pioneering work in the physical metallurgy of titanium alloys. The Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Titanium at the Moscow State University, Moscow, USSR, May 18-21, 1976, were dedicated to Dr. I. I. Kornilov, who made numerous contributions to the understanding of phase equilibria in titanium alloys. These Proceedings were published 1977 in the Russian language, edited by A. F. Belov, N. F. Anoshkin, J.C. Williams, S. G. Glasunov, H. Kimura and P.H. Morton, and 1982 in the English language, edited by J.C. Williams and A. F. Belov. For the organization of the Fourth International Conference on Titanium, France, represented by the Societe Franc;aise de Metallurgie, and the Federal Republic of Germany, represented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Metallkunde, were asked
. to join the International Organizing Committee. The Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Titanium, which was held at the International Conference Hall, Kyoto, Japan, May 19-22, 1980, were edited by H. Kimura and 0. Izumi.
The International Organizing Committee decided during meetings at Erlangen and Munich in 1982 to initiate the presentation of a "Kroll Lecture" and to invite Prof. Dr. P. Lacombe as the first lecturer for the Fifth Conference in Munich. In addition, the International Organizing Committee agreed to replace the rapporteur system used in previous conferences by a system with oral and poster presentations of the individual papers for the Fifth Conference.
The Fifth International Conference on Titanium was prepared with the assistance of the members of the International Organizing Committee and of the Executive Committee. The conference was performed with the help of the Session Chairmen, the Plenary Session speakers and the Critical Review speakers. The Editorial Chairman, Prof. Dr. G. Lutjering, did a tremendous work for the preparation and for the organization of the publication of the proceedings. With the help of all those who submitted their papers in time, the Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Titanium could be published in spring 1985. All this help and the financial support received from the titanium related industry, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the State of Bavaria is highly appreciated.
On September 11th, 1984, the International Organizing Committee decided that the Sixth International Conference on Titanium will be held in France in 1988.
U. Zwicker Chairman
Executive Committee
W. Bunk Vice-Chairman
Executive Committee
PREFACE
The four volumes of "Titanium, Science and Technology" are the Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Titanium, held at the Congress Center in Munich, Federal Republic of Germany, from September 10-14, 1984. At these International Conferences on Titanium scientists and engineers from all over the world who are interested in the field of titanium gather every four years to review and discuss the status of research and development of titanium and titanium alloys. The Proceedings of these International Conferences on Titanium serve as documentation on existing knowledge on ttte production, properties, and application of titanium and its alloys. The number of papers has steadily increased, from 117 at the First Conference to 188 at the Second, 217 at the Third, and 332 at the Fourth Conference.
For the Fifth International Conference over 350 abstracts had been received by the submission deadline, June 1, 1983. In the final program, published in the spring of 1984, the papers were arranged in 15 topical chapters with 230 papers given orally in four parallel sessions and 116 poster presentations. There were also six Plenary Lectures given by representatives of the six sponsoring countries and eleven Critical Reviews on the program.
The Fifth International Conference in Munich was attended by more than 650 participants from 23 countries. During the five days there was sufficient opportunity between the papers presented as well as during the poster show for valuable discussion of the various aspects of titanium.
336 papers were finally submitted for publication in the Proceedings. Most of the manuscripts were already in the form required for publication, especially as all authors had kept to the specified limit of eight pages for their papers. It was thus possible to keep correspondence with authors to a minimum and the Proceedings could be published within a short period of time.
Within the four volumes published, the Plenary Papers are to be found at the beginning of the Proceedings. The Critical Reviews are published in the relevant topical chapters. The first two volumes deal with production and application, and the chapters on properties, including physical metallurgy, are published in the third and in the fourth volumes. For the convenience of the reader each volume contains a complete listing of Author Index, Subject Index, and - for the first time - Alloy Index.
The publication of the Proceedings was organized by Dr. V. Schumacher, Executive Director of the Deutsche Gesellschaft for Metallkunde, and his team, which is gratefully acknowledged. Furthermore, the assistance provided by Dr.-lng. habil. J. Breme, Erlangen, and Dr.-lng. M. Peters, Cologne, is highly appreciated.
G. Lutjering -Editorial Chairman
XIII
Table of Contents
VOLUME 1
Plenary Papers Recent Developments in Titanium Sponge Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
T. lkeshima
Melting Systems for Production of Titanium Ingots and Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 M. Schlienger
Titanium Mill Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 A.F. Belov
Applications ofTitanium and Titanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 T.W. Farthing
General Aspects of Scrap Processing and Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 K. RUdinger
Raw Material, Melting, Casting, Recycling Critical Review Status and Prospects for the Development of Titanium Sponge Production . . . . 67
A.N. Petrunko
New Process for the Treatment and Control of Waste Gases from Chlorinator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Y. Matsumoto, F. Arai
Deeside Titanium Limited - A New European Source of Raw Titanium . . . . . . . . . 85 D. Smith
Physicochemical Fundamentals of Obtaining Synthetic Titanates . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 V.A. Reznichenko, I.A. Kariazin, P.N. Galkin, V.P. Pechenkin
Some Particularities of High-Purity Titanium Tetrachloride Production from Synthetic Titanates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
N.V~ Galitsky, N.K. Evseev, E.P. Medvedchikov, V.I. Starschenko
Role Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Titanium Sponge Quality. . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 A.A. Golubev, A.N. Petrunko, A.E. Andreev, V.M. Malshin
Production of Masteralloys for the Titanium Industry by the GfE - Two-Stage-Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
R. Hahn; H. Andorfer, H.-J. Retelsdorf
Experience of Vacuum Arc Meiting with Non-Consumable and Consumable Electrode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
K. RUdinger, K.-E. Piper, H. Schnecke
Observations on the Electron-Beam Melting of Titanium and its Alloys ....... . A. Mitchell, K. Takagi
Improvement of Homogeneity in Large Diameter C. P. Titanium Ingots . . . . . . . . . 129 H. Shiraishi, N. Yumita, A. Kanai, Y. Kondo ,,,----
-New Melting Concepts for Titanium Alloys .................................. ~)/ W. Dietrich, G. Lerch, R. Schumann, G. Sick, H. Stephan
Production of Large Titanium Investment Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 C. Ellebrecht, J.K. Thorne
XIV
Engineer's Guide to Titanium Castings ..................................... 151 R.H. Colley
Titanium Investment Casting -Production, Properties and Applications
Ch. Liesner 157
Semi-Solid Processing of Titanium-Base Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 B. Toloui, J. V. Wood
Evaluation of Centrifugally Cast TiAl5Fe2,5 Alloy for Implant Material . . . . . . . . . . 171 U. Zwicker, J. Breme
Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing and Heat Treatment on Fatigue Properties ofT i-6Al-4V Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
D. Eylon, F.H. Froes, L. Levin
Nontraditional Thermal Processing of HIP'ed Investment Cast Ti-6Al-4V Alloy . . 187 S. M. Soltesz, R.J. Smickley, LE. Dardi
An Evaluation of Centrifugally Cast Ti-4Al-4Mo-2Sn-0.5Si (IMI 550) Alloy 195 M.W. Kearns, C.M. Ward-Close
Structural, Electro physical and Electrochemical Properties of Titanium Alloys Rapidly Cooled from the Liquid State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Yu.K. Kovneristy, E.K. Osipov, E.A. Trofimova, N.D. Tomashov, I. B. Skvortsova
TTT-Diagram for Ti-Based Amorphous Alloy of Ti-Ni-Cu-Si System . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 V.V. Molokanov, Yu.K. Kovneristy, K.A. Rusev
Recycling of Titanium Chips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 K.-H. Kramer, K. HUise, E. Detemple, J. Berggreen
Process for Removal of High Density Inclusions from Titanium Turnings for Rotor/Premium Quality Ingot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
J.E. Dresty,Jr.
Melting of Ti-6Al-4V Solid Scrap Using a Plasma Electron Beam Furnace ...... r233) K. Murase, T. Suzuki, T. Yamamoto \-/
Requirements for Recycling of Valuable Chips from and for Aircraft Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
J. Berggreen
Quality Assurance in Processing and Using of Scrap for Ingot Melting of Titanium and Titanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
K. Riidinger, A. lsmer, K.-E. Piper
Recycling of Titanium Scrap for the Production of High-Duty Aerospace Components .................................. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
H. Jaeger, J. Mayerhofer, R. Tarmann, J. Neuhold, J. Fladischer
Powder Metallurgy Critical Review Powder Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
F.H. Froes, D. Eylon
Effect of Thermomechanical Treatments of Ti6Al4V PSV Powders on the Improvement of the Low Cycle Fatigue of Sintered Compacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
J. Devillard
Strength and Reliability of Powder Metallurgically Produced IMI 685 B. Borchert, H. Schmid, J. Wortmann
295
xv
Mechanical Properties of Advanced Titanium Powder Metallurgy Compacts ... 303 J.P. Herteman, D. Eylon, F. H. Froes
The Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Sintering Characteristics and Density of Blended Elemental TiNi Compacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
S. Uehara, H. Sasano, Y .. Kaieda, T. Suzuki,
New Technological and Economical Aspects for Titanium Powder Production . . 319 0. Stenzel, R. Ruthardt
The Manufacture by Powder Metallurgy Techniques of Near-Net-Shape Titanium Alloy Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
J. Hartwig, R. Mohs, J. Willbrand ·
Hydrodynamic Compaction of Filters from Titanium Powders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 O.V. Roman, Y.V. Boiko, V.G. Gorobtsov, V.I. Shelegov
Modification of Titanium Powder Metallurgy Alloy Microstructure by Strain Energizing and Rapid Omni-Directional Compaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Y.R. Mahajan, D. Eylon, C.A. Kelto, T. Egerer, F.H. Froes
Low and High Cycle Fatigue Behaviour of P/M Ti6Al4V with Respect to Microstructure Developed during Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347.
G. Wirth, K.-J. Grundhoff
Improvement of Quality of Titanium Powders and Sintered Titanium Products by Surface Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
1.D. Rodomyselsky, G.E. Mazharova, R.K. Ognev, V.M. Anokhin
The Studies of Sintered Titanium Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 V.S. Ustinov, U.G. Olesov, V.A. Drozdenko
Combined Die Forging (CDF) of Prealloyed Ti-6Al-4V Powder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 W. Smarsly, W. Bunk, R. Kopp
Intensification of Titanium Powders Pressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 G.E. Mazharova, R.K. Ognev, G.A. Bagliuk
Microstructures of Rapidly Solidified Ti-5Al-2.5.Sn with Si or Ge Additions . . . ... 381 A.G. Jackson, T.F. Broderick, F.H. Froes
Rapid Solidification Processing of Titanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 T.C. Peng, S.M.L. Sastry, J.E. O'Neal
Design and Development of Advanced Titanium Alloys by Rapid Solidification Technology .......................... 397
S.M.L. Sastry, T.C. Peng, J.E. O'Neal
Refined Dispersions of Rare Earth Oxides in Ti-Alloys Produced by Rapid Solidification Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
D.G. Konitzer, B.C. Muddle, H.L. Fraser, R. Kirchheim
Effect of Advanced Powder Production Processes ori Powder Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of HIP Compacts of Prealloyed Ti6A14V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
K.J. Grundhoff, G. Wirth
Segregations in Ti-6Al-4V Powder Compacts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 W. Smarsly, W. Bunk, Y.T. Lee, G. Welsch
Fatigue Failure Analysis of Ti6Al4V Powder Compacts Prod_uced by Different Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
G. Wirth, K.-J. Grundhoff, W. Smarsly, F.H. Froes, D. Eylon
XVI
Dispersion Strengthening of Ti-Al Alloys by Rapid Solidification Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 435
S.M.L. Sastry, D.M. Bowden, R.J. Lederich
Development in PM HHDH-Ti6Al4V Technology for Aircraft Application 443 R.Tang,T.Lan,C.Lu
Forming Critical Review Recent Development Trends in the Forming Techniques of Titanium Alloys . . . . 453
E. Bachelet, Y. Honnorat
Processing-Structure-Property Relationships in Commercial Titanium Alloys . . 461 C.C. Chen
Processing-Property Relationships in Hot Die Forged Alpha-Beta, Beta and Near-Beta Titanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
G.W. Kuhlman, R. Pishko
Ten Years of Front-Fan Blade Forging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 0. Voigtlander, G. Gunther
Effect of Hot Rolling Variables on the Mechanical Properties of Ti-60/oAl-40/oV Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
C. Ouchi, H. Suenaga, T. Otoh, I. Sawamura
Effect of Forging Variables on the Microstructure of Ti-1 OV-2Fe-3AI . . . . . . . . . . . 491 l.W.Hall
The "Processing Window" for the Near Beta Ti-10V-2Fe-3AI Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 I. Weiss, F.H. Froes
Effect of Processing and Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
H. Yano, Y. Tsumori, T. Matsumoto, K. Yasui, T. Nishimura
Influence of Processing and Heat Treatment Variables on the Mechanical Properties of Two Advanced High Temperature Titanium Alloys............... 515
A. Vassel, F.H. Froes, J.P. Herteman, D. Eylon, A. Gazon
The Structure and Properties of Extruded Ti-6Al-4V and IMI 550 Titanium Alloys ................................................................... 523
B.W.H. Lowe, M.W. Kearns
The Effect of Yttrium on Hot Workability of Ti-5AI Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 S. Ankem, G.K. Scarr, J.C. Williams
Warm Forming of Titanium Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 W.T. Roberts, D.V. Wilson
Forming Limit Curves of Titanium Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 S. Kohara
Bendability of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555 M. Ogaya, M. Kisaichi, T. Mase, M. Koike
The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Deep Drawability of Ti-3Al-2.5V Sheets . . . 563 J. Kaneko, M. Sugamata
The Effects of Lubricants and Surface Treatment on the Cold Rolling Properties of Commercially Pure Titanium Strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
M. Fukuda, A. Tanabe, T. Nishimura, Y. Moriguchi
Cold Impact Extrusion of Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 H.W. Wagener, K.H. Tampe
Forgeability of ~-Titanium Alloys under Isothermal Forging Conditions G. Schroder, T.W. Duerig
585
XVII
Effect of Processing on the Mechanical Properties of IMl-829 Titanium Alloys . . 593 S. Fujishiro, F.H. Froes, T. Matsumoto, D. Eylon
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Distinct Fabricated Wrought Alloys of Ti-6Al-4V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
W. Scharfenberger, H. Zeitler
Practical Considerations for the Fabrication of Cost Effective Net and Near-Net Titanium Forging Shapes through Hot Die and Isothermal Forging Technology................................. 609
G. W. Kuhlman, R. Pishko
Effect of Beta Heat Treatment on the Surface Defect and Mechanical Properties ofTi-6Al-4V Rolled Bar ................. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
T. Matsumoto, M. Nishigaki, M. Fukuda, T. Nishimura
Hydrogen Plasticization in Hot Deforming of Titanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625 B.A. Kolachev, V.K. Nosov
Improving the Forming Speed by Hot.Forming Process in Manufacturing Welded Titanium Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
Y. Miyamoto, Y. Moriguchi, T. Nishimura, K. Narita, E. Sawahisa
Hot-Die Forging ofTi-10V-2Fe-3AI ......................................... 641 H. Rydstad, T.W. Duerig, C.R. Boer
VOLUME2
Superplastic Forming Critical Review Superplasticity in Titanium Alloys
N.E. Paton, C.H. Hamilton 649
Superplastic Forging of HIP'ed Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Preforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673 Y. Nishina, T. Kimura, T. Yamauchi, T. Oka ·
Superplasticity of Fine Grained Textured Ti-6Al-4V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 M. Peters, P.-J. Winkler, W. Bunk
Superplastic Anisotropy in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689 D.S. McDarmaid, A. W. Bowen, P. G. Partridge
Microstructural Refinements for Superplastic Forming Optimization in Titanium Alloys ........................................... . 695
R.J. Lederich, S. M. L. Sastry, J.E. O'Neal
Superplastic Deformation Mechanisms and Alloying Element Segregation in Ti-60/oAl-40/oV-10/oCo and Ti-60/oAl-40/oV-1.80/oNi Alloys........... 703
J. Ma, C. Hammond
High Temperature Deformation of a Ti-8Mn Alloy .................. : . . . . . . . . . 711 N. Furushiro, S. Hori
The Role of Dislocation Climb and Diffusional Creep Mechanisms in the Superplastic Deformation Properties of Metastable 13 Titanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
G.C. Morgan, C. Hammond
XVIII
Fatigue Life of Superplastically Formed Ti-6Al-4V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725 W.-B. Busch, H.-D. Kunze
Solid State Bonding in Some Superplastic Titanium Alloys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733 J. Pilling, N. Ridley
Isothermal Forging System for the Production of Large Rotating Components from Titanium· Alloys or Superalloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741
F. Hugo, A. Henn, R. Debes, D. Schwarz, F. Anderle, T. Wamser
High-Temperature Deformation of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745 A. Hasegawa, Y. Moriguchi, T. Nishimura
Transformation Superplasticity in a Commercial Pure Titanium Y. Takayama, N. Furushiro, S. Hori
The Effect of Superplastic Strain on the Tensile Properties of
753
the Titanium Alloys Ti-6Al-4V and IMI 550 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761 C.D. lngelbrecht, D.S. McDarmaid, P.G. Partridge
Joining Critical Review Welding and Brazing ofTitanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771
V.N. Zamkov
Weldability of Novel Titanium Rare-Earth Alloys Produced by Rapid Solidification Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783
D.M. Bowden, S.M.L. Sastry
Boron-Induced Toughness Loss in Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791 H. Inouye, S.A. David
The Effect of Boron on Weldment Microstructures in the Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-1 Mo Alloy .................................................................... 799
R.E. Lewis, W.C. Coons, F.A. Crossley, l.L. Caplan, W.E. Lukens
Fracture Behavior in Electron Beam Welds of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 Y. Obata, Y. Mori, K. Aoki, T. Kakimi, A. Morimoto, H. Satoh, M. Nakanose, T. Kishi
Mechanical Properties of Laser Welded 4 mm Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815
T.S. Baker, P.G. Partridge
On the Submerged Arc Welding of Thick TA6V Plates Using a New Welding Flux Characterisation of Welded Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823
S. K. Marya, F. Le Maitre, F. Priem, J.P. Frayret
Study of the Heating Effect on Structure and Properties of Titanium-Stainless Steel Joint Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831
V. I. Belyaev, N. V. Naumovich, Y.A. Sobolev, R. V. Stefanovich
Investigation of Formation Regularities of Weld pool Crater during Arc Welding of Titanium Alloys with Nonconsumable Electrode
V. V. Ardentov, I. V. Suzdalev, B. M. Berezovsky 839
Weldment Property Evaluation by Impression Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845 H.Y. Yu, M.A. Imam, R.W. Judy, Jr., B.B. Rath
Hot Cracking Susceptibility in Titanium 6211 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 D. M. Bowden, E.A. Starke, Jr.
Properties of Diffusion Bonded Butt Joints in Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-4Al-4Mo-2Sn-0.5Si (IMI 550) Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861
T.S. Baker, P.G. Partridge
XIX
Investigations on Samples Joined with Different Brazing Materials J. Breme, V. Wadewitz, U. Firik
Ways of Providing the High Serviceability of Heat-Hardened Welded Joints of (a - ~)-Titanium Alloys .................................. .
V. N. Zamkov, N.A. Kushnirenko, Yu. K. Novikov, V. F. Topolskii
The Effect of Fluoride Fluxes on Porosity of Titanium Welds in Tungsten-Arc Argon Welding .......................................... .
V.N.Zamkov
Fatigue-Crack Propagation through Titanium Welds ....................... . P.S. Pao, T.C. Peng, J.E. O'Neal
The Elevated Temperature Ductility Dip Phenomenon in Alpha,.Near-Alpha and Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloys .......................................... .
R. E. Lewis, I. L. Caplan, W. C. Coons
Rolled Titanium-Clad Steel; Properties and Processing Behaviour ........... . H. Pircher, B. Ruhland, G. Sussek
The Effect of Microstructure on the Ultrasonic Attenuation Characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V ............................................................ .
J.E. Allison, P.A. Russo, S.R. Seagle, J.C. Williams
The Problem with the Eddy Current Test of Welded Titanium Tubes ......... . H. Sakuyama, K. Taki
Development of the Production and Non-Destructive Testing Methods for Welded Titanium Tubes .............................................. .
J. Lindemann
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Diffusion Bonded Ti-6Al-4V Specimens Using Real-Time Radiography ................................ .
V. Alreja
Investigation of Manufa.cturing Defects in Longitudinal Welded Titanium Condenser Tubes by Nondestructive Testing Methods ...................... .
H. Heckhauser, J. Lange, H. Richter
Development of Ultrasonic Testing Instrument of Thin-Wall Welded Titanium Tubes in In-Service Inspection ........................... .
S. Tokuda, T. Hayashi, M. Iwasaki, N. Suzuki, A. ltoh
Advanced NDT Methods for Diffusion-Bonded Titanium Parts R. Bilgram, S. Elze, W. Klemmt, G. Tober
Surface Treatment
869
877
881
887
895
909
917
925
933
939
947
955
Pack-Aluminization of Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965 M. F. Gal is, J. L. Guille, A. Clauss
Obtention of Silicide Coatings on Titanium by Pack-Cementation . . . . . . . . . . . . 973 J. Guille, L. Matini, A. Clauss
Low Pressure Plasma Spraying of Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979 H.-D. Steffens, E. Erti.irk
Laser Surface Melting and Alloying of Titanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987 J. Folkes, P. Henry, K. Lipscombe, W. M. Steen, D.R. F. West
Electroplated Coating of Titanium for Engineering Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995 C.G. John
Black Fifm of Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003 Y. Ashiura, H. Koizumi
xx
A New Method for the Study of the Machining of Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007 M. Dannawi, F. Le Maitre, S. K. Marya
Grinding of Titanium with Jet Infusion of Grinding Fluid N. Kumagai, K. Kamei
Industrial Application Critical Review
1015
Industrial Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025 H. Kusamichi, S. Tokuda, H. ltoh, T. Nishimura
Results of Operation of Titanium-Tubed Condensers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1043 N. lwai, H. Yamagishi
Experience with Titanium Tubed Condensers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051 R. 0. MUiier, U. P. Nabholz
Study on 15-Year Experimental Installations of 0.3mm Wall Thickness Seam-Welded Titanium Tube in Steam Turbine Condenser . . . . . . . . 1059
H. Kusamichi, K. Taguchi, H. ltoh, M. Yasuda, K. Narita, Y. Moriguchi
A Study on the Influence of Annealing Temperature and Annealing _,--"
~~~= ~i~~t~i~~es~~r;t~lli·z-~t.i~n-~~-~- ~~~~~-r~i·e·s· of -~~1-~-.R~1_1~~- c_o·~-~~~~'.~1~~ .... ( 1 ~ K. Hulse, K. H. Kramer, H. Mulders \:'--_/
Application of Titanium Tube in Petroleum Refining Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073 H.Takesue
Production and Properties of Bi-Modal Ti-6Al-4V Blades for Steam Turbine Application ...................................................... 1081
R. I. Jaffee, G. LUtjering, T. M. Rust
On Titanium Low Fin Tube ................................................ 1089 S. Fuchikawa, E. Sawahisa, H. ltoh, Y. Fukuhara, Y. Koyama, K. Yasui, K. Narita
In situ Evaluation ofTitanium Alloys in Powder Plant Flue Gas Desulfurization Scrubbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1097
R.W. Schutz, C.S. Young
Developments in the Use of Titanium in Marine and Offshore Environments. . . 1105 J.R.B. Gilbert
Investigation of Hydrogen Absorption-Embrittlement of Titanium Used in the Actual Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111
K. Shimogori, H. Satoh, F. Kamikubo
The Development of the Ti-3Al-2.5V Alloy for Seawater Piping Applications . . . 1119 l.L. Caplan
A Titanium Alloy for Marine Propeller Shaft ......... ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127 T. Nishimura, Y. Tsumori, H. Yuguchi, H. Satoh
Titanium Additions in Steelmaking ........................................ 1135 S.A. Argyropoulos, R. I. L. Guthrie
Studies on Effective Titanium Application in Various Industries V. V. Volinsky, A. I. Kanuk, V.A. Alexandrov, V. M. Anockin
Experience in the Use of Titanium as Corrosion-Resistant
1143
Structural Material for Chemical Process Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1149 A.A. Kozlov, G.B. Korneeva, Yu.S. Ruskol
XXI
Quality Control for Titanium Tubed Condenser. Application of Radiografic Examination Technique to Titanium Tube-to-Tubesheet Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1157
Y. ltabashi, K. Ohmatsu, M. Goto
An Applicability of Thin-Wall Titanium Tubes for MSF-Type Desalination Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1165
H. Satoh, F. Kamikubo, K. Shimogori, H. ltoh, K. Kitaoka
Corrosion of Titanium and its Prevention in a Fertilizer Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1173 F. Kamikubo, H. Satoh, K. Shimogori
Trends in the Application of Titanium Tubes in Sea Water Service. . . . . . . . . . . . 1181 C.F. Hanson
Corrosion Resistance of Titanium Low-Fin Tubes and Their) Applications . . . . . 1189 F. Kamikubo, H. Satoh, K. Shimogori, K. Yasui, K. Narfta
The Titanium Market in Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197 H. Heisterkamp, A. Thelen
Titanium and Carbon Containing Alloys for Abrasives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203 S.F. Wayne, S. Sridharan, H. Nowotny
Utilization of Titanium in Electrolytical Processes........................... 1211 S. Kotowski, B. Busse
Aerospace Application Advanced Structural Components by SPF/DB Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1221
E. D. Weisert
Technical and Economical Aspects in Manufacturing Aviation and Space Components by Using Superplastic Forming (SPF) and/or Superplastic Forming/ Diffusion Bonding (SPF/ DB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1229
W. Beck, P.-J. Winkler
Producibility of Aircraft Structural Parts by Superplastic Forming and Diffusion Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1237
R. Holbein, K.-F. Sahm
Experimental and Theoretical Modeling of Ti-6Al-2Mo-4Zr-2Sn (Ti-6242) Alloy Compressor Disk Forging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1245 ·
V.R. lshwar, H.A. Kuhn Definition of Fracture Mechanics Data for Satellite Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1253
H. KUhnle
Fatigue Properties ofTi-10V-2Fe-3AI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1261 R.S. Carey, R.R. Boyer, H.W. Rosenberg
Fatigue Behaviour of Titanium Materials in Aircraft Engines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1269 R. Grater, H. Huff
Hydrogen Absorption of Titanium Alloys during Descaling Process . . . . . . . . . . . 1 z'f5 M. Thoma
Electron Beam Welding of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy for Satellite Launch Vehicle . . . . . . . 1283 T. Kakimi, A. Morimoto, H. Satoh, M. Nakanose, T. Nakazaki, H. Kita, T. Kishi
EB Repair Welding of a Critical Aircraftpart Made from the Nonweldable Titanium Alloy 3.7184.7 (Ti-Al4-Mo4-Sn2-Si) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1291
G. Neye, A. Kolley Superplastic Forming ofTi-6Al-4V to Large Components for Aircrafts
J. Berggreen, K. E. Baufeldt 1299
XXll
Em brittled Trailing Edges of Compressor Blades (Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al2Sn4Zr2Mo) of Gas Turbine Aero-Engines ............................ 1301
J. Specht
Comparative Evaluation ofTi-10V-2Fe-3AI Cast, P/M and Wrought Product Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1307
R.R. Boyer, D. Eylon, F. H. Froes
Introduction of Titanium Powder Metallurgy Components to Aircraft Series Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1315
W. Keinath, J. Engels
Surface Pretreatment for Adhesive Bonding of Titanium C. Matz
Medical Application Titanium Alloys as Metallic Biomaterials
S. G. Steinemann, S. M. Perren
Surface Properties of Titanium and its Alloys - Mechanical and
1321
1327
Electrochemical Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1335 H.P. Himmler, R. Thull
Abrasive Properties of Oxide Layers on TiAl5Fe2,5 in Contact with High Density Polyethylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1343
U. Zwicker, U. Etzold, Th. Moser
Corrosion Fatigue Test of TiA15Fe2,5 Hip Implant under High Stresses ........ 1351 J. Breme, G. Heimke
Longterm Behavior of Titanium and Titanium Alloys as Medical Implant Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1359
R. Thull, H.J. Pesch
Application of Titanium Alloys for Orthopaedic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1365 D. Hohmann, H. Legal
Corrosion of Titanium and Titanium Alloys for Surgical Implants . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1373 S.G. Steinemann
On the Properties of a New Titanium Alloy (TiAl5Fe2.5) as Implant Material ... 1381 K.-H. Borowy, K.-H. Kramer
Tissue Reactions ofTitanium and its Alloys ................................ 1387 H.-J. Pesch, K. GIUckert, H.P. TUmmler, R. Thull
Influence of Technological Parameters on the Fatigue Strength of Ti5Al2.5Fe - A New Material for Endoprostheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1393
M. Merget, F. Aldinger
VOLUME3
Phase Transformation and Heat Treatment Critical Review Phase Transformation and Heat Treatment in Ti Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1403
Y. Murakami, 0. Izumi, T. Nishimura
XXl!I
Titanium Nitrogen Phase Diagram and Diffusion Phenomena ................ 1423 E. Etchessahar, J.P. Bars, J. Debuigne, A.P. Lamaze, P. Champin
Solubility of Y203 in Liquid, Solid Titanium, and Commercial Ti Alloys ......... 1431 M. Hoch
Investigation of Phase Equilibrium in Multi-Component Titanium-Based Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1439
S. P. Alisova, Yu. K. Kovneristy, P. B. Budberg
Study of Chromium Solubility in a Pure-Titanium ........................... 1445 F. Faudot, J. Bigot ·
Electronic Structure, Physical Properties and Stability of Phases of Titanium and its Alloys ............................................................. 1451
O.P. Nazimov, V.A. Livanov, A.A. llyin, M.Y. Kollerov
Phase Equilibria in the Titanium-Aluminum System ...................... : .. 1459 R. D. Shull, A.J. McAlister, R. C. Reno
New Investigation of the Ti-Al Phase Diagram by High Resolution Electron Microscopy ............................................................. 1467
A. Loiseau, A. Lasalmonie, G. Van Tendeloo, J. Van Landuyt, S. Amelinckx
The Effect of Zirconium and Oxygen on Alpha-2 Precipitation in Ti-Al Alloys .. 1475 G.K. Scarr, J.C. Williams, S. Ankem, H.B. Bomberger
The Age-Hardening Behaviour in Ti-Cu-Al Ternary Titanium Alloys ........... 1481 A. Vassel
Phase Transformation in TiAl5Fe2,5 Alloy .................................. 1487 J. Breme, W. Schade
Mechanic.al and Microstructural Behavior of Ti-60/oAl-4% V Alloy in the Hot Working Range ...................................................... 1495 .
J.G. Malcor, F. Montheillet, B. Champin
Mechanisms of Microstructure Refinement in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy ........... : . . . . 1503 I. Weiss, G.E. Welsch, F. H. Froes, D. Eylon
Effect of Oxygen on Microstructure and Properties of Ti-6Al-2Cb-1Ta-1 Mo Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1511
M.A. Imam, B.B. Rath, D.J. Gillespie
The Effect of Si on the Microstructure of High Temperature Ti Alloys ... ·. . . . . . 1519 D. Banerjee, J.E. Allison, F. H. Froes, J.C. Williams
The Influence of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Properties of Ti5331S ................................................................ 1527
A.P. Woodfield, M.H. Loretto, R.E. Smallman
Phase Separation in Deformed and Aged Ti-100/oV-20/oFe-30/oAI .............. 1535 G.H. Isaac, C. Hammond
Phase Transformation and Heat Treatments of Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3AI Alloy . . . . . . . . 1543 Y. Murakami, K. Nakao, Y. Yasuda, N. Tokushige, H. Yoshida, Y. Moriguchi
Phase Transformations during Thermal Treatment of the Ti-7,5 Al-2,5 Mo-1,8 Cr Alloy as Detected by the Exoelectron Emission Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1551
· A. Namyslo, T. G6recki
The Influence of Carbon Additions on the Microstructure and Hardness of a Ti Alloy ................................................................ 1559
A. M. Wardle, M. H. Loretto, R. E. Smallman
Age Hardening Reactions in Transage 129 and 134 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1567 H. M. Flower, A. I. P. Nwobu, D.R. F. West
XXIV
Phase Transformation of Ti-15Mo-5Zr and Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3AI Alloys by Rolling at Room Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1575
S. Komatsu, T. Sugimoto,'K. Kamei, T. Ikeda, M. Ikeda
Aging Behavior of a"-Martensite Formed in a Quenched Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1583
T. Sugimoto, K. Kamei, S. Komatsu, K. Sugimoto, H. Matsumoto, M. Ikeda
The Formation of w-Phase in Ti-14 wt.% Cr Alloy ............................ 1591 J.P. Simpson, E. Torok
On the Nature of a/~ Interfaces in Titanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1597 D. Banerjee, C.G. Rhodes, J.C. Williams
The Formation of Type 2a Phase in Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Zr-4Mo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1605 G.H. Isaac, C. Hammond
Decomposition of the Beta-Phase in Titanium Alloy Ti-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1613 J. Bechet, B. Hocheid
Peculiarities of Phase and Structure Transformations in Titanium Alloys in the Process of High-Speed Electric Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1621
M. N. Bodyako, A. I. Gordienko, L.A. Elagina, V. V. lvashko
Quench Hardening of Titanium Low Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1629· l.V. Gorynin, S.S. Ushkov, B.B. Chechulin
Structure of Titanium Alloys Quenched from Inhomogeneous ~-Solid Solution Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1635
V. N. Gridnev, 0. M. lvasishin, S. P. Oshkaderov
Internal Friction Studies of Ti-6Al-4V-2.5Mo Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1643 Y. Ito, Y. Moriguchi, T. Nishimura, N. Nagai, A. Hiromoto, T. Daikoku, S. Ueda
The Plastic Deformation of Metastable ~Titanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1651 H.M. Flower
Deformation Due to Stress Induced Martensite and Fracture of a Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo Alloy at Cryogenic Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1659
T. Kawabata, H. Suenaga, 0. Izumi
Shape Memory Effect in Ti-Mo-Al Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1667 H. Sasano, T. Suzuki
Effect of Deformation on Phase Transformations and Modulus of Elongation in Titanium Nickelide-Based Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1675
Yu. K. Kovneristy, S.G. Fedotov, L.A. Matlakova
Mechanical Properties of High Damping Alloy Ti-6Al-4V-2.5Mo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1683 A. Hiromoto, T. Daikoku, S. Ueda, Y. Ito, Y. Moriguchi, N. Nagai
Young's Modulus and Damping Capacity of Ti-6Al-4V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1689 Y.T. Lee, G. Welsch
Effect of Aluminium on Internal Friction Peak and Elastic Anomaly Associated with Martensite Transformation in NiTi Shape Memory Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1697
K. Sugimoto, K. Kamei, T. Sugimoto, K. Hamajima, T. Sodeoka
Grain Growth Relationships in Two-Phase Titanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1705 S. Ankem, H. Margolin
Orientation Dependent Grain Growth in Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1713 H.J. Bunge, C.U. Nauer-Gerhardt
Application of the Zero-Range Method in the Calculation of the Complete ODF of Cold-Rolled Titanium Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1721
H.P. Lee, H.J. Bunge
xxv
Development of Microstructure and Texture in Highly Deformed and Recrystallized a-Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1729
S. Nourbakhsh, M. Blicharski, J. Nutting
Relative Orientations of a-phase in (a+~) and ~Heat Treated Ti-6Al-4V Alloy 1737 A.W. Bowen, D. Clark
Grain~Boundary Segregation of ~-Stabilizing Elements and Thermal Embrittlement of Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1745
I. V. Gorynin, S.S. Ushkov, B. B. Chechulin
Relation between Anomalous Mechanical Behaviour and the Distribution of Impurities in Commercially Pure Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1751
S.J. De Souza, C. Quesne, C. Servant, C. Severac
Diffusion of Iron, Cobalt and Nickel in. a-Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1759 H. Nakajima, M. Koiwa
Iron Diffusion in Hexagonal Close Packed Titanium; a Computer Simulation Study ................................................................... 1767
W.F.W.M. Van Heugten
Auger Electron Spectroscopy of the Interface of SiC Fiber Reinforced Titanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1773
H.J. Dudek, R. Leucht, G. Ziegler
Investigation of Ti- and Zr-Alloys with a Negative Temperature Coefficient of Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1781
0. Loebich, Jr., Ch.J. Raub
Mechanical Properties Temperature and Composition Dependent Modulus Measurements in Beta-Ti Alloys with Al and Si Additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1789
N.C. Elter, S.M. Copley
The Importance of the Core Structure of a-Type Dislocations in the Low-Temperature Plastic Deformation Behaviour of a-Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1797
S. Naka, A. Lasalmonie
Deformation Mechanisms in Titanium. Effect of the Impurity Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . 1805 M.J. Philippe, c. Esling, B. Hocheid
Superposition of Solid-Solution-, Precipitation-, Grain-Size-, and Dispersion-Strengthening in Ti-Al-X Alloys ............................. 1811
S.M. L. Sastry, T.C. Peng, J.E. O'Neal
Response of Impression Test in Ti-6211 with Variations of Oxygen and Microstructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1819
H.Y. Yu, M.A. Imam, B.B. Rath
Effect of Zirconium Content on the Tensile Flow Properties of a Titanium Alloy Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1827
R.W. Judy, Jr., B.B. Rath, 0. P. Arora
Tensile Properties ofTi-15V-3Al-3Cr-3Sn Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1835 M. Okada, D. Banerjee, J.C. Williams
The Effects of Composition and Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Four a+~ Ti-Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1843
M. Peters, J.C. ~illiams
Strength and Ductility of a Titanium-Alloy TiAl6V4 in Tensile and Compressive Loading under Low, Medium and High Rates of Strain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1851
L.W. Meyer
XXVI
Mechanism of Yield Strain in Ti-2.5Cu Alloy Sheets ......................... 1859 X. Cai, P. Li, H. Wei, 0. Zhao
Yield Stress Deformation of Commercially Pure Titanium at Different Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1867
F. Hauner, U. Zwicker
Deformation of Bimetallic Bicrystals of a-Ti/~-Ti-13Mn .. • .................... 1875 C.S. Lee, H. Margolin
Design ofTitanium Alloys ................................................ 1883 H. Onodera, Y. Ro, T. Yamagata, M. Yamazaki
Acoustic Emission during Tensile Deformation of Titanium Sheets. Relationship with the Deformation Mechanisms and Metallurgical Stn.icture . . 1891
G. Chancy, B. Pige, H. Paqueton
Influence of Texture in Rods of TiAl6V4 on Mechanical Properties Including Yield Loci .............................................. '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1899
F. Hauner, U. Zwicker, K.-H. Matucha, P. Wincierz
Conditions of Adiabatic Shear in Dynamic Torsional and Compressive Loading ofTi-Al6-V4 Titanium Alloy ............................................... 1907
L.M. Meyer, C.Y. Chiem
Bauschinger Effect and Buckling Behaviour of TiAl6V4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1915 B. Deffner, 0. Vohringer, E. Macherauch
Fracture Critical Review Fracture Toughness of Titanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1925
R. W. Judy, Jr., B. B. Rath, R.J. Goode
Tensile Ductility and Tensile Fracture of Single Phase Alpha Titanium ........ 1945 H. Margolin, J. Kene
Effect of Grain Size on Ductile Fracture of CP Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1953 Y. Krishna Mohan Rao, V. V. Kutumbarao, P. Rama Rao
The Effect of Impurities on the Type of Fracture in Titanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . 1961 V. I. Trefilov, V. N. Minakov, I. S. Pol kin, V. G. Kudryashov
The Effect of Volume Fraction of Phases in Equiaxed a-~ Ti-Mn Alloys on Tensile Properties at -196°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1969
H. Margolin, T. V. Vijayaraghavan
Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-2V Alloy as Influenced by Zirconium Additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1977
R. W. Judy, Jr., B.B. Rath, 0. P. Arora
Influence of Temperature on Impact Strength of Notched Samples of Commercially Pure Titanium .............................................. 1985
K. RUdinger, H.-G. Bitter
Correlation of Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Fracture Toughness ofTiAl6V4 .............................................................. 1993
W.J. Oberparleiter, H. Zeitler
Effect of Microstructure on Fracture Toughness of Ti-6Al-4V ................ 2001 A. Gysler, G. Luetjering
Effect of Sub-Transus Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Fracture Toughness of Ti-6Al-4V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2009
C.G. Rhodes
XX VII
The Effect of Microstructures on the Fracture Toughness of Ti-4.5Al-5Mo-1.5Cr Alloy ................................................. 2015
H. Wei, G. Liu, Z. Lai, F. Diao, L. Xie
Fracture Mechanism Maps for Titanium Alloys and Titanium Aluminides . . . . . . 2023 Y. Krishna Mohan Rao, V. V. Kutumbarao, P. Rama Rao
Bending and Fracture of TiAI L 10 Type Superlattice lntermetallic Compound Single Crystals at Elevated Temperatures ....................... : .......... 2031
T, Kawabata, O. Izumi, Y. Takezono, T. Kanai Evaluation of Fracture Unit and Fracture Rise-Time in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Acoustic Emission Source Wave Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2039
T. Kishi, T. Ohira, H. Ohyama The Investigation of the J-lntegration Test Method in Titanium Alloys ......... 2047
Z. Wang, H. He, B. Huang, J. Wang, G. Chao
Comparison of Fracture Resistance Characterization of Titanium by Small-Specimen Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2055
R. W. Judy, Jr., R. P. Mikesell
VOLUME4
Fatigue Critical Review Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2065
G. Uitjering, A. Gysler
Microinhomogeneous Deformation of Alpha-Titanium Alloys under Static and Low-Cyclic Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2085
B.B. Chechulin, A.V. Guriev, Yu.D. Hessin
The Influence of Thermal Processing on Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation ofTi"4.5Al-5Mo-1.5Cr ........................................ 2091
C.M. Gilmore, M.A. Imam, A.C. Fraker, S.H. Yang, A.C. Van Orden
The Effect of Microstructure and Texture on the Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo ....................................... 2099
D.S. Shih, F. Lin, E.A. Starke, Jr.
Fatigue Resistance Improvement of Ti-6Al~4V by Thermo-Chemical Treatment ................................... · ........................... 2107
L. Levin, R.G. Vogt, D. Eylon, F.H. Froes
The Effect of Oxygen Content on the Fatigue Crack Propagation of Ti-8.6AI ............................................................... 2115
G.T. Gray Ill, G. Luetjering
Relationship between Primary Alpha Content, Tensile Properties and High Cycle Fatigue Behaviour ofTi-6Al-4V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2123
K. RUdinger, D. Fischer
Fatigue Behaviour ofTi-Mo Alloy Single Crystals ........................... 2131 E. Sukedai, M. Hida
XXVIll
Influence of Microstructure and Mean Stress on Fatigue Strength of Ti-6Al-4V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2139
S. Adachi, L. Wagner, G. U.itjering
Influence of Surface Treatment on Fatigue Strength of Ti-6Al-4V ............ 2147 L. Wagner, C. Gerdes, G. Luetjering
Relationship between Surface Treatment and Fatigue Damage of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2155
P. Mille, E. M. M. Sutter, A. Cornet
Optimizing of the Bending Fatigue Behaviour of TiAl6V4 by Shot Peening ..... 2163 Th. Hirsch, 0. Vi:ihringer, E. Macherauch
The Fretting Fatigue Behaviour of the Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V E. Broszeit, K.H. Kloos, B. Schweighi:ifer
Fretting Fatigue Testing with a Fretting Bridge Equipment.
2171
Stress Analysis, Amplitudes of Slip, Reliability .............................. 2179 E. Broszeit, K. H. Kloos, B. 0. Schweighi:ifer
Surface Treatment of Titanium Alloys for Friction and Fatigue Properties 2187 D. Treheux, L. Vincent
Effect of Cold-Working on the Fatigue Strength, Micro-Hardness, and Crack Nucleation Site ofTi-6Al-4V ........................................ 2195
J. Broichhausen, W. Calles
Relaxation of Shot Peening Induced Residual Stresses of TiAl6V4 by Annealing or Mechanical Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2203
· 0. Vi:ihringer, Th. Hirsch, E. Macherauch
Cracking Resistance in Superhigh-Strength Ti-4.5Al-5.0Mo-1.5Cr (CORONA 5) Alloy ....................................................... 2211
G.R. Yoder, L.A. Cooley, T.W. Crooker·
The Effect of Microstructure on Fatigue Crack Propagation in Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn Alloy ................................................................... 2219
Y: Ito, Y. Moriguchi, T. Nishimura
Fatigue Crack Propagation in Titanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2227 J.C. Chesnutt
Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Acceleration in a+~ Ti Alloys .................... 2235 A. W. Sommer, F. H. Froes, D. Eylon
The Role of Crack Closure in Rationalizing the Variations in Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior in Titanium Alloys ................................. 2243
J.E. Allison, J.C. Williams
The Effect of Microstructure and Stress Ratio on Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V ........................................ 2251
G.T. Gray Ill, G. Luetjering
The Effect of Microstructure and Texture on the Fatigue Crack Propagation of an a+~ Titanium Alloy ............................................ : . . . . 2259
D.S. Shih, F. S. Lin, E.A. Starke, Jr.
Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Two Extreme Microstructures ofTi-6Al-4V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2267
M. Peters, K. Welpmann, H. Doker
The Strain Controlled Fatigue Behaviour of a Near-Alpha Titanium Alloy . . . . . . 2275 M.R. Winstone, M.J. Weaver
Studies on Crack Growth Rate of High Temperature Titanium Alloys S. Fujishiro, T. Matsumoto
2281
XXIX
High Temperature Fatigue Behavior of IMI 685 ............................. 2289 R. Marissen, M. Peters, K. Schulte, K.-H. Trautmann, H. Nowack
The Effect of Dwell on Low Cycle Fatigue in IMI 829 (Ti 5331S) .............. 2297 J. White, M. H. Loretto, R. E.·Smallman, M. R. Winstone
The High Temperature Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of a Near Alpha Titanium Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2305
P.J. Bania, S.D. Antolovich
Simulated Flight (FALSTAFF) Fatigue Crack Growth in Titanium Alloy Ti-4Al-4Mo-2Sn-0.5Si ............................................... 2313
C. M. Ward-Close
Creep Critical Review Developments in High Temperature Alloys ................................. 2323
P.A. Blenkinsop
Elevated Temperature Mechanical Properties of Transage X206 Alloy (Ti-3Al-9V-9Sn-3Zr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2339
F.A. Crossley ·
Influence of Small Additions of Iron to Titanium on Creep and Mechanical Properties .............................................................. 2347
P. Delarbre, U. Zwicker, J. Breme
Creep Properties ofTi-8Al-5Nb-5Zr-0.25Si ................................. 2355 C.G. Rhodes, N.E. Paton, M.W. Mahoney
Effects of Microstructure on Creep Behavior of Ti-6211 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2363 R.T. Chen, W.H. Miller, Jr., E.A. Starke, Jr.
Creep Studies ofTi-6242-Si Alloy ....... .' ................................. 2371 P.J. Bania, J.A. Hall
Improved Creep Resistance of Titanium Alloy Tubular Sections by Platinum Ion-Plating .......................................................... ·. . . . 2379
D. Eylon, S. Fujishiro, R.W. Gehring
230 000 h Creep Properties of Titanium Produced from Electrolytic and Sponge Material and TiAl6V4 Alloy at 20°c ................................. 2387
K. Drefahl, P. Wincierz, U. Zwicker, P. Delarbre
Creep-Fatigue Interaction of Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-2Cb-1Ta-0.8Mo at Room Temperature ............................................................ 2395
H.P. Chu, B.A. MacDonald, O.P. Arora
Influence of the Structure Types on the Steady State Creep Behaviour in Ti-679 Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . 2403
Y. Lin, G. Luo
The Detrimental Effects of Iron on Creep of Ti-6242S Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2411 S. Ankem, S.R. Seagle
Optimisation of Creep and Fatigue Resistance in High Temperature Ti Alloys · IMI 829 and IMI 834 ...................................................... 2419
D.F. Neal
The Fracture Mechanics of IMI 685 at High Temperature N.C. Elfer, G. Marci
2425"
xxx
Environmental Behavior Critical Review . Environmental Effects on Titanium and its Alloys
H.B. Bomberger, Jr., D.A. Meyn, A.C. Fraker 2435
Sustained Load Cracking Effects in Ti-6Al-2Cb-1Ta-0.8Mo .................. 2455 R. W. Judy, Jr., J.E. Cox, B. B. Rath, C. L. Hoffmann
The Influence of Hydrogen on the Multiaxial Fracture Behavior of Titanium Alloy Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2463
B.J. Lograsso, R.J. Bourcier, D.A. Koss
Void Growth Rates with Comparison of Sustained Load Cracking Characteristics in Ti-6Al-2Cb-1Ta-0.8Mo ................................................. 2471
H.A. Margolin, C. L. Hoffmann, B. B. Rath, R. W. Judy, Jr.
The Effect of Hydrogen on Microstructure and Properties of Ti-10V-2Fe-3AI .......................................................... 2479
J.E. Costa, D. Banerjee, J.C. Williams
Sustained Load Cracking and the Plastic Strain Rate Effect in Titanium Alloys Containing Hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2487
M.A. Imam, R. W. Armstrong, B. B. Rath, R. W. Judy, Jr.
The Influence of Environmental Factors on Sustained Load Cracking inTi-6211 ............................................................... 2495
C. L. Hoffmann, R. W. Judy, Jr., B. B. Rath
Hydrogen-Enhanced Fatigue Crack Growth in Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1 Si . . . . . 2503 P.S. Pao, R.P. Wei
Acoustic Emission from Environmental Cracking of a High Strength Titanium Alloy ................................................................... 2511
T. Kishi, S. Yuyama, Y. Hisamatsu, T. Kakimi
Low Temperature Hydrogen Embrittlement ofTitanium Alloys ............... 2519 N. Paton
Some Environmental and Mechanical Properties of Various Semi-Solid Cast Titanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2527
B. Toloui, C. Gagg, J. V. Wood
Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Ti-38-6-44 in Sour Gas Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2533
D. E. Thomas, S. R. Seagle The Effect of Ageing on Ti-8Al-1 Mo-1V Alloy ............................... 2541
C.D. lngelbrecht
SCC Behaviour of I/Mand P/ M Ti6A14V Dependent upon the Strain Rate . . . . . 2549 H. Buhl
The Temperature Dependence of Sustained Load Cracking in Ti-6211 ....... 2557 C.L. Hoffmann, J.E. Cox, R. W. Judy, Jr., B. B. Rath
Temperature Dependence of Sustained Load Cracking Caused by Residual Hydrogen in Ti-6Al-4V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2565
D.A. Meyn
Hydrogen in Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2571 R. Gruner, B. Streb, E. Brauer
Mi:issbauer Studies of Hydrogen Absorption in TiFe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2579 D. Finkler, K. Blaes, U. Gonser, S.J. Campbell
The Anodic Protection of Titanium in Media Containing Fluoride Ions. . . . . . . . . 2583 J.M. Fisher
XXXI
Electrochemical Breakdown of Anodic Films on Titanium - ln.fluence of the Microstructure of Anodic Films and Underlaying Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2589
G. Jouve, C. Severac
Effect of Iron Content on Hydrogen Absorption and Passivity Breakdown of Commercially Pure Titanium in Aqueous Solutions ............. : . . . . . . . . . . . . 2595
J.B.C. Wu
The Relationships of Structure and Corrosion Behavior of Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni (TiCode-12) ............................................................. 2603
J.A. Hall, D. Banerjee, T.L. Wardlaw
The Corrosion Resistance and Application of Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . 2611 Z. Li, Q. Wu, H. Liu, X. Shi, K. Li
Effect of Solid Solution Iron on the Corrosion Behavior of Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . 2617 R. W. Schutz, J.S. Grauman, J.A. Hall
Effect of Inhibitors on Corrosion of Titanium in FGD/Wet Scrubber Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2625
D.E. Thomas
Effect of Gasket Materials on Crevice Corrosion of Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2633 H. Satoh, F. Kamikubo, K. Shimogori
Repassivation of Titanium and Titanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2641 H.-J. Ratzer-Scheibe, H. Buhl
Effect of Oxidizing Agents on Corrosion Resistance of Commercially Pure Titanium in Nitric Acid Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2649
H. Satoh, F. Kamikubo, K. Shimogori
Thermodynamic Properties of Oxygen in the Alpha and Beta.Titanium-Oxygen Alloys at 800-1200°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2657
S. Miyazaki, T. Oishi, K. Ono
A Comparison of the Influence of Si, Al and Cr Additions on the High Temperature Oxidation Behaviour of Titanium ............................. 2665
A.M. Chaze, G. Beranger, c. Coddet
Contribution to the Study of Titanium Oxidation at Temperatures Higher than the Temperature of the a+~ Transformation and at Low Pressures ............ 2673
D. Simon, B. Devillers, J. Bardolle '
Role of Alloying Elements on the Kinetics of Titanium Dissolution and Oxygen Reduction in Hydrochloric Acid. Implications with Hydride Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2679
A. Caprani, J.P. Frayret, F. Priem, R. Pointeau
A Comparative Investigation of Oxygen Diffusion in Titanium and its Binary Alloys during Corrosion at High Temperature .............................. 2687
T.H. Quach-Kamimura, D. David, G. Beranger__ ________ -----....._
Oxidation Kinetics of the Tic3.0Cu Alloy
S. Kr61, T. G6recki
Kroll Lecture
2695
Influence of Impurities on the Mechanical Properties of Titanium -----'a=n~d~litanium.Alloys-.-. -.. -. -:-:'-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2705
P. Lacombe Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . At the end of each volume
Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . At the end of each volume
Alloy Index.......................................... At the end of each volume
