Stream Gao

AIR QUALITY DETECTION NECKLACE

1. INTRO

• The term “air quality” means the state of the air around us. Good air quality refers to clean, clear, unpolluted air.

• Ambient Air Quality(outdoors)

• Indoor air quality

1. INTRO

• Why this topic?

• Air pollution in China. My home town: one of the most severely air polluted areas in China.

• Now I come to USA. • Air pollution problems in USA.

• How to make a project that can solve problem in USA, especially in New York, ITP, as well as be able to benefit back to China?

2. PROBLEM

• According to EPA, the average American spends 93% of their life indoors. 87% of their life is indoors, then another 6% of their life in automobiles. In poorly ventilated dwellings, indoor smoke can be 100 times higher than acceptable levels for small particles. (WHO<< Household air pollutions and health>>2014).

• Concentration of indoor air pollutant is higher than outdoor air concentrations on average, as 5~10 times globally (WHO<< Household air pollution and health>>2012), and 2 to 5 times in USA(1987. The total exposure assessment methodology (TEAM) study: summary and analysis. EPA/600/6-87/002a. Washington, DC ).

• Air in the subway. Density of people, poor ventilation. Average 5,000,000 particles are produced in the subway.

• We have monitor for outdoor air quality, AirNow, EPA… to get these information. But how about the environment around us?

Air pollution isn't only an outdoor problem.

3. DEFINITION

Indoor air quality (IAQ) : the air quality within and around buildings and structures. Dry clean air density.

Clean Dry air: 12 gases that make up clean air are Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Carbon dioxide, Neon, Helium, Methane (CH4), Krypton, Hydrogen, Xenon, Ozone(O3) and N2O. It should be made up with certain percentage of volume and weight. Nitrogen, Oxygen and Argon make up to 99.6% in total.

4. INFLUENCED BY:

Outdoor sources. Outdoor air pollutants that enter buildings through open doors, open windows, ventilation systems, and cracks in structures.

Indoor sources (sources within buildings themselves). Combustion sources in indoor settings, cleaning supplies, paints, insecticides, and other commonly used products that introduce many different chemicals, building materials. Other substances in indoor air are of natural origin, such as mold and pet dander.

Amount of Ventilation. The rate at which outdoor air replaces indoor air is described as the air exchange rate. When there is little infiltration, natural ventilation, or mechanical ventilation, the air exchange rate is low and pollutant levels can increase.

Human factors: Overcrowded space; Customs, habits, traditions; Level of economic development( Industrialized = developing countries) .

5. COMMON COMPONENTS

1. Contaminant Gas. • Radon• Carbon monoxide• Biological pollutants - Mites - Allergens - Moulds • Pesticides

• Ozone• Asbestos fibers

• Carbon dioxide

2. Floating Particulate matter (PM). Also known as particle pollution, is a complex mixture of extremely small dust and soot particles. It is divided into two categories, “PM10” and “PM2.5.” PM10 is matter less than 10 micrometers in diameter. PM2.5 is even smaller - measuring 2.5 micrometers or less.

6. AIR QUALITY INDEX

Air Quality Index(AQI) Values Levels of Health Concern Colors

When the AQI is in this range:

..air quality conditions are:

...as symbolized by this color:

0-50 Good Green

51-100 Moderate Yellow

101-150Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups

Orange

151 to 200 Unhealthy Red

201 to 300 Very Unhealthy Purple

301 to 500 Hazardous Maroon

http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.aqi

6. AIR QUALITY INDEX

• The reported AQI is the calculated value for the past 24 hours in that area and, dependent upon each monitoring site.

• USEPA uses the AQI for five major pollutants regulated by the Clean Air Act –

1. ground-level ozone, 2. particulate matter, 3. carbon monoxide, 4. sulfur dioxide 5. nitrogen dioxide.

• For each of these pollutants, USEPA has established a scale based on the NAAQS to protect against harmful health effects.

EPA's table of breakpoints

O3 (ppb)

O3 (ppb)

PM2.5 (µg/m3)

PM10 (µg/m3)

CO (ppm)

SO2 (ppb)

NO2 (ppb)

AQI AQI

Clow - Chigh(avg)

Clow - Chigh(avg)

Clow- Chigh (avg)

Clow - Chigh(avg)

Clow - Chigh(avg)

Clow - Chigh(avg)

Clow - Chigh(avg)

Ilow -

Ihigh

Category

0-59 (8-hr)

- 0.0-12.0 (24-hr)

0-54 (24-hr) 0.0-4.4 (8-hr)

0-35 (1-hr)

0-53 (1-hr)

0-50 Good

60-75 (8-hr)

- 12.1-35.4 (24-hr)

55-154 (24-hr)

4.5-9.4 (8-hr)

36-75 (1-hr)

54-100 (1-hr)

51-100

Moderate

76-95 (8-hr)

125-164 (1-hr)

35.5-55.4 (24-hr)

155-254 (24-hr)

9.5-12.4 (8-hr)

76-185 (1-hr)

101-360 (1-hr)

101-150

Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups

96-115 (8-hr)

165-204 (1-hr)

55.5-150.4 (24-hr)

255-354 (24-hr)

12.5-15.4 (8-hr)

186-304 (1-hr)

361-649 (1-hr)

151-200

Unhealthy

116-374 (8-hr)

205-404 (1-hr)

150.5-250.4 (24-hr)

355-424 (24-hr)

15.5-30.4 (8-hr)

305-604 (24-hr)

650-1249 (1-hr)

201-300

Very Unhealthy

- 405-504 (1-hr)

250.5-350.4 (24-hr)

425-504 (24-hr)

30.5-40.4 (8-hr)

605-804 (24-hr)

1250-1649 (1-hr)

301-400

Hazardous

- 505-604 (1-hr)

350.5-500.4 (24-hr)

505-604 (24-hr)

40.5-50.4 (8-hr)

805-1004 (24-hr)

1650-2049 (1-hr)

401-500

Hazardous

Revised Air Quality Standards For Particle Pollution And Updates To The Air Quality Index (AQI) (PDF). North Carolina: US EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. 2013.

Computing the AQI

Piecewise linear function of the pollutant concentration. At the boundary between AQI

categories, there is a discontinuous jump of one AQI unit.

where:

AQI to concentration http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=resources.aqi_conc_calc

Air Detection —— Quantify your surrounding air environment (Air quality and temperature). Bring the consciousness of air quality and air pollution.

Wearable —— Personal use. Quantified well-being. Solve the problem of the lack of IAQ information, measures air quality on the spot, wherever you are.

Communication —— Bluetooth link to your phone.

Notification —— Private : Visualization of synced data on mobile phones; Line graph of past AQ data; Public: LED index of air quality.

Intervene —— Share information in small community.

7. PROJECT

Shape : Fashion, design. Remind you of the old good time. Fine wood.

User : Young white-collar girls who spend most of time indoors, love beauty, care about their health; people work in labs like ITP; at home.

Use places : Home(especially new houses); Vehicles; Large buildings; Labs.

Scope of intimacy : As private as your personal accessory; As public as a public indoor air quality sharing device.

TECHNICAL SOLUTION

Sensor: (my own conclusion. may not be appropreiate)

1. Contaminant gas sensor

Made of certain material that is sensitive to contaminant gas/other attributes.

2. Dust sensor/PM Sensor

Particle Matter.

TECHNICAL SOLUTIONSENSOR COMMUNICATIO

N WEB MOBILE

TP-401 Gas SensorSemi-conductor

RFduino Hybird App

SnO2(Tin dioxide)Resistance decrease in fresh clean air.They are used in air quality control equipments for buildings/offices, are suitable for detecting of NH3,NOx, SOx, alcohol, Benzene, smoke,CO2 ,etc.Cost efficient.

Arduino + Bluetooth + Temperature

sensor

Nodejs + MongoDB to store

data

PhoneGapBluetooth

sync transfer

data

USE CASES

Office & large buildings

Public Share AQ with people surround you

Air Quality Index(AQI)

Values

Levels of

Health Concern

0-50 Good

51-100 Moderate

101-150

Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups

151 to 200

Unhealthy

201 to 300

Very Unhealthy

301 to 500

Hazardous

color mapping RGB LED

USE CASES

Private

USE CASES

Subway / Vehicles

Home Decoration

DESIGN

Conch

The shape recalls the connection between air and ocean.

LED display like breathing. The color are mapped from AQI table.

1st version

DESIGN2nd version

DESIGN3rd version

DESIGN4th version

Device ———— mobile phone ——— Server ——— web

Sync request

Store the latest data

on local storage

Store to server

Bluetooth

“Fake pair”

Send data

9s

Sleep

Active

Mobile: sync data, latest data, bar graph

Read the newest data from

local storageSearch and find RFduino

device with the name “iAir”

Disconnect

LED on!

Read History

SENSOR TEST

MQ135, TP401

shop: 349  outside shop: 250restroom: 351kitchen area: 356near window: 356road: 369, 370washington Square beside a tree: 351–368—354–373park beside the road near my house: 377home night: 344home morning:349

Noise

SOLUTIONS

• Air House(ventilation)

• Another sensor

• Build your own library • (Linear graph)

CURRENT RESULT

CURRENT RESULT

CURRENT RESULT

NEXT

Sensor adjusting: State of NY Air Monitoring Division. EPA.

Mobile/web redesign.

Code upgrade:

Reduce the effect that is brought by temperature.

Public sharing

Send to ITP screen.

THANKS