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Grid Integrated Storage, Renewables and IRP2
Renewable Energy Africa ConferenceRenewable Energy Africa ConferenceSandton Convention Centre Sandton Convention Centre –– July 2011July 2011
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SOUTH AFRICA’S CENTRALIZED GENERATION LEGACY• Large mega power plants• Located close to primary
energy source• Significant transmission
losses• Vulnerable• Vulnerable
– Supply interruptions– Global commodity pricing– Industrial action
• Long lead time to add capacity
• Mismatch between peak• Mismatch between peak demand and installed generation capacity
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PENETRATION OF RE GENERATION CAPACITY• Greater geographic
distributionL t d l t l d• Located closer to load centres
• Reduced transmission losseslosses
• Diversification of generation mix
• Reduced time toReduced time to commercial operation
• Reduction in GHG emissions
BUT
• Intermittent nature of wind & solar decreases grid stability
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PENETRATION OF RE GENERATION CAPACITY
Future RE Generation as % of Total Generation Capacity
8090100
Future RE Generation as % of Total Generation Capacity
50607080
UNSTABLE GRID
20304050
STABLE GRID
GRID
01020
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 20302010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
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MECHANISMS TO MANAGE GRID STABILITY
OCGT
• Mix of “fast response” systems, “bulk” storage facilities and “peaker”
OCGT
Pumped Storage
Electro‐chemical
plants;• Fast start-up Peaker
Plants to meet short periods of peak demand;
l l
Storagechemical periods of peak demand;• Bulk storage facilities to
utilise off peak baseload power or day time solarMultiple
Mechanisms required
Thermal Storage
Spinning Reserve / Fl h l
power or day time solar thermal energy;
• HPESS – High Performance EnergygFlywheels Performance Energy Storage Systems to meet instantaneous (millisecond) stability
Compressed Air
Cryogenic Storage
requirements
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ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGYNAS Sodium Sulfur Battery
Energy Density 3 x lead acid
S C i 2 0 / 2 0 hSystem Capacity 2.0 MW / 12.0 MWh
Life Span 15 years / 4500 cycles
Efficiency 85% Round TripEfficiency 85% Round Trip
Operating Temp 300 °C
Response Time 2 msp
Memory Effect Zero
Gaseous Emissions Zero
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ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
51 MW Wind Farm / 34 MW Storage Rokkasho Japan
NAS Sodium Sulphur Battery
51 MW Wind Farm / 34 MW Storage – Rokkasho Japan
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Source: NGK Insulators Ltd
ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
5 MW PV Plant / 1 5 MW Storage Wakkanai Japan
NAS Sodium Sulphur Battery
5 MW PV Plant / 1.5 MW Storage – Wakkanai Japan
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Source: NGK Insulators Ltd
ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
Dynamic load frequency control
NAS Sodium Sulphur Battery Application
• Dynamic load-frequency control– 2 ms response time
• Wind and PV generation fluctuation smoothing• Wind and PV generation fluctuation smoothing• Peak shaving• Spinning reserve replacement• Spinning reserve replacement• Distributed storage
– Reduced transmission lossesReduced transmission losses– Reduced unplanned outages– Optimized baseload generation utilization
• Off peak charging, peak period discharge
– Reduced peaker plant requirement
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CRYOGENIC ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGYHighview Power CES System
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Source: Highview Power Storage
CRYOGENIC ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
• Alternative to pumped storage
Highview Power CES System
• Alternative to pumped storage• Not geographically limited• Utilizes readily available y
industrial technology• Round Trip Efficiency 50%
W t h t i• Waste heat recovery increases efficiency to 70%
• Capital Costp– 25% of NAS Battery System– 30% - 50% of Pumped Storage
Source: Highview Power Storage
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IRP2 2010 SUMMARIZED
IRP2 2010IRP2 2010 41,346 MW
Refit1 OCGT National Demand
Strategy
Refit1 Wind700 CSP200 LH125
RE1 W3800 S400
RE2 7200
Nuclear Fleet 9600
Hydro Imports
3349Sere 100
CCGT 1896
Coal IPP’s 5000
OCGT IPP
1020 5750
RTS/NB/Decom
563
PCP ECS
DSM 3420
MTPPP 390
1253
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CONCLUSION
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REFERENCES
Eskom annual reports presentations and publications• Eskom annual reports, presentations and publications• World Alliance for Decentralized Energy publications (WADE)
Y i i• Younicos – www.younicos.com• Grid Stability Battery Systems for Renewable Success,
Charles Vartanian A123 SystemsCharles Vartanian, A123 Systems• NGK Insulators Ltd, NAS Sodium Sulphur Battery Energy
Storage SystemStorage System• Highview Power Storage – www.highview-power.com
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CONTACT DETAILS
I CIan CurryDirector – Basil Read Energy (Pty) LtdMobile: +27 83 399 0283Email: [email protected]@ gy
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