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IAP Indonesian Most Livable City IndexBernardus DjonoputroSekretaris Jenderal – Ikatan Ahli Perencanaan (IAP)Chairman – EAROPH Club Indonesia

+ IKATAN AHLI PERENCANAAN INDONESIA

• IAP merupakan satu-satunya organisasi profesi bidang perencananaan wilayah dan kota di Indonesia, memiliki cabang di 24 provinsi

• Dengan Badan Sertifikasi Perencana yang merupakan lembaga independen untuk sertifikasi profesi

• Dengan jumlah planners lebih dari 3000 dan 1,200 orang diantaranya merupakan planners bersertifikat.

• Program Utama:

a. Penguatan kapasitas planner dalam perencanaan & pembangunan nasional & daerah

b. Indonesia Most Livable City Index

Affiliated organizations:

+ Key Programs 2007-today

Becoming more self sufficient, Positive cash flow, audited financial statements

Most Liveable City Index 2009, 2011

Active member of EAROPH

Young Planners Asia Pacific Gathering in Yogyakarta

Professional internship exchange: Malaysia, Australia

Climate change and disaster preparedness project START, with

Annual Rakernas and outbound trainings

Active participant in international events: Earoph, IFHP, Isocarp, Habitat Forums, Asean, World Global Water Forum, Global Citie Summit, etc.

Joint co-operations with embassies and media organization.

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Kota = (Peradaban)

For the three-quarters of Europe’s population that live in cities and towns, a good urban environment is a precondition for a good quality of life. It seems, in part, that over the last decade, attitudes to living in cities have been changing. People are no longer moving away from cities (or have returned to them), residential sprawl has slowed and, in a third of cities, the population is concentrating in city centres.

+ Tantangan Kota Masa Kini

Elemen-elemen Lingkungan untuk Kehidupan Yang Berkualitas

As the major function of cities is to provide places for people to trade, produce, communicate and live, the urban environment needs to be assessed from a very specific human perspective:  to provide an agreeable place to live while minimising or balancing negative side effects. Quality of life in cities relies on a range of components such as social equity, income and welfare, housing, a healthy environment, social relations and education. The environmental elements of good quality of life include good air quality, low noise levels, clean and sufficient water, good urban design with sufficient and high-quality public and green spaces, an agreeable local climate or opportunities to adapt, and social equity. However, urban-specific data are patchy in Europe and, due to different timescales and reporting methods, are seldom directly comparable.

Tekanan Urbanisasi

Many of our cities struggle to cope with social, economic and environmental problems resulting from pressures such as overcrowding or decline, social inequity, pollution and traffic. The environmental impacts of cities also spread well beyond their physical limits as they rely heavily on outside regions to meet demand for energy and resources and to accommodate waste. A study of Greater London estimates that London has a footprint 300 times its geographical area — corresponding to nearly twice the size of the entire UK.

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Tantangan Kota Masa Kini

Perubahan Iklim

Climate change has the potential to influence almost all components of the urban environment and to raise new, complex challenges for the quality of urban life, health and urban biodiversity. Some cities will experience droughts and higher temperatures. Others will experience floods. Climate change will affect many aspects of urban living from air quality to consumption patterns (e.g. energy for air conditioning). Poor urban design can aggravate the impacts of climate change. Soil sealing, for example, can increase the ‘urban heat island effect’. It may also increase water run-off and lack of drainage during heavy rains leading to floods. However, urban design aimed at tackling climate change could have numerous co-benefits from improved air quality, supporting biodiversity and quality of life.

Kesempatan di Kota

The proximity of people, businesses and services associated with the very word ‘city’ means there are

also huge opportunities and benefits associated with urban living especially in terms of sustainability and resource use. Already, population density in cities means shorter journeys to work and services, greater use of walking, cycling or public transport, and living in apartments of multi-family houses or blocks requiring less heating and less ground space per person. As a result, urban dwellers on average consume less energy and land for living per capita than rural residents.

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Mendisain Kota untuk Masa Depan

Designing the futureCities are ecosystems: they are open and

dynamic systems which consume, transform and release materials and energy; they develop and adapt; and they interact with humans and with other ecosystems. They must therefore be managed and protected like any other type of ecosystem. Through rethinking urban design, architecture transport and planning, we can turn our cities and urban landscapes into ‘urban ecosystems’ at the forefront of climate change mitigation (e.g. sustainable transport, clean energy and low consumption) and adaptation (e.g. floating houses, vertical gardens).

Furthermore, better urban planning will improve quality of life across the board by designing quiet, safe, clean and green urban space. It will also create new employment opportunities by enhancing the market for new technologies and green architecture. Cities, due to their concentration of people and activities, matter for Europe. Also, the problems of cities cannot be solved at the local level alone. Better policy integration and new governance, involving closer partnership and co-ordination at local, national and European level, are required.

Kota adalah sebuah ekosistem yang harus selalu di kelola dan di lindungi seperti ekosistem-ekosistem lainnya.Dengan mengembangkan cara lkita merencana dan mendisain kota, merancang transportasi dengan lebih baik, akan memperbaiki kualitas hidup keseluruhan.

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Indonesian Cities – The Urbanizing Phenomena

• Pada tahun 2008, untuk pertama kalinya dalam sejarah peradaban Indonesia, penduduk perkotaan melebihi pedesaan.

• Hari ini, lebih dari 39 perkotaan Indonesia berpenduduk diatas 1 juta.

Age 100+

Age 0

Di Indonesia, lebih dari 60% populasi berumur dibawah 39 tahun, menjadikan negara yang potensial produktif.

51% urban

30% urban

2008 203065% urban

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• Indonesia is the third fastest growing economy in Asia and the largest economy in Southeast Asia.• Indonesia’s economy grew by 6.1% last year (2010) and is forecast to climb to 6.5 to 6.9% in 2012.

%

Source: EIU, 24 January 2011

GDP is estimated to reach approx US$ 1.3 trillion by 2015; will make Indonesia to become the 16th largest economy in G – 20 with GDP per capita of around US$ 5,000.

Economic growth will be supported by strong FDI into Indonesia which is estimated to reach approx US$ 15 billion in 2015.

INDONESIA OVERVIEW

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Infrastructure quality in selected Asian countries (Global Competitiveness Report, 2010-2011)

Country Singapor

e Malaysia Thailand China Indonesia India Philippin

es

Roads 6.6

5.7

5.1

4.3 3.5 3.3

2.8

Railroad 5.8

4.7

3.0

4.3 3.0 4.6

1.7

Seaport 6.8

5.6

5.0

4.3 3.6 3.9

2.8

Air transport 6.9

5.9

5.9

4.4 4.6 4.6

3.6

Electricity 6.7

5.7

5.7

5.3 3.6 3.1

3.4

Score (out of 7)*

6.6

5.5

4.9

4.1 3.7 3.6

3.2

* 1 = extremely under-developed; 7 = efficient by international standards

Source: World Economic Forum, Standard Chartered Global Research

Poor infrastructure conditions are the main factor preventing Indonesia’s economy from growing at its potential rate of 7 - 8%.

Poor infrastructure conditions are the main factor preventing Indonesia’s economy from growing at its potential rate of 7 - 8%.

The Global Competitiveness Report ranked Indonesia 90th among 139 countries due to poor state of various aspects of its infrastructures.

Poor Infrastructure

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Source: Government Medium Term Plan 2010-2014 and Bappenas

• The National Development Planning Board (“Bappenas”) has stated that around USD143 billion (or 3% of GDP) will be needed for infrastructure development in 2010-2014 in order to meet the country’s economic growth target of 6% - 7% per annum from 2010 - 2014.

The GapUSD143bn

USD50bn

USD93bn

Infrastructure Investment Needs

State Budget

Funding Gap

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ALPHA ++

ALPHA +

ALPHA

Alpha ++ World Cities : New York dan London.

Alpha + World Cities : Chicago, Dubai, Hongkong, Paris, Shanghai, Singapore, Sydney, Tokyo.

Alpha World Cities : Amsterdam, Beijing, Brussels, Buenos Aires, Frankfurt, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Los Angeles, Madrid, Mexico City, Milan, Moscow, Mumbai, San Fransisco, Sao Paulo, Seoul, Toronto, Washington.

This means Jakarta as a mega city has a strategic positioning & influences in global interaction.

The Globalization and World Cities Study Group, Geographic Faculty, Loughborough university, UK, 2010

JAKARTA AS GLOBAL CITIES JAKARTA AS GLOBAL CITIES : GaWC Survey 2010 : GaWC Survey 2010

+Kota = Tidak NyamanMayoritas kondisi kota-kota besar di Indonesia dinilai tidak nyaman oleh warganya.Berdasarkan survey yang dilakukan di 15 kota besar, diketahui bahwa nilai rata-rata (mean) indeks kenyamanan kota adalah 54,26. Indeks dengan persepsi tingkat kenyamanan tertinggi di Kota Yogyakarta (66,52) dan Kota Denpasar (63.63). Sedangkan dan persepsi kenyamanan warga yang paling rendah adalah Kota Medan (46,67) dan Kota Pontianak (46.92).

Kota – kota dengan indeks diatas rata–rata adalah : Yogyakarta, Denpasar, Makassar, Menado, Surabaya dan Semarang. Sedangkan kota – kota dengan indeks dibawah rata-rata adalah Banjarmasin, Batam, Jayapura, Bandung, Palembang, Palangkaraya, Jakarta, Pontianak dan Medan.

IAP Indonesian Most Livable City Index 2009/2011

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Principles of Livable City :

a. The provision of basic needs (decent housing, water supply, electricity)

b. Availability of public facilities and social amenities (public transport, city parks, religious facilities / public health facilities)

c. Availability of public space to interact between communities

d. Security

e. Supports the function of economic, social and cultural of the city

f. Sanitation

LIVABLE CITYLivable City is a term that describe a comfortable environment and atmosphere of the city as a place to live and work, viewed for various aspects of both physically (urban facilities, infrastructure, spatial planning, etc.) as well as non-physically (social relations, economic activities, etc.).

+IAP MOST LIVABLE CITY INDEX

Perception-based survey of the urban population, about the livability of their city.

The results of this study is a "snapshot“

MLCI IAP is the first perception-based survey index of the city’s livability and planned to be carried out annually and hopefully it will be a benchmark for quality of life in cities throughout Indonesia

This index also act as a feedback to stakeholders in the planning process and urban development.

The advantages of this index: Simple, Actual, Snapshot.

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IAP-MLCISurveyed Criteria and Livabillity factors:

Physical aspects, including availability of Green space and quality of urban design

Environmental aspects: polutions, waste management, cleanliness of te city

Transportation: how well the city is served by public transport, including quality of your roads

Public Health: availability and accessibility to health facilities

Public Educations: availability and accessibility of schools and other educational facilities.

Quality and availability of city infrastructure including utilieits, drinking water, power, and telecommunications.

Economic conditions, availability of work and accessibility from home to work place

Security and safety

Neighborhood interactions, social and cultural interactions

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52,28

51,90

56,37

65,34

52,52

53,13

43,65

52,04

52,61

56,52

59,90

53,86

“Only 54.17% of the population in Indonesian cities surveyed feel comfortable living in their city. This shows that those cities are still not ideal” – IAP –

Average Livability Index of Indonesian Cities in 2009 : 54,17%

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46.67

50.71

54,19

66,52

54.67

56.38

46.92

53,16

56,39

53

53

58

58

64

“45.74% of the population in Indonesian cities surveyed feel ther cities are less livable.

Average Livability Index of Indonesian Cities in 2011: 54.26%

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MOST LIVABLE CITY INDEX 2009 & 2011

NONO CITYCITY 20092009 20120111

1 Yogyakarta 65,34 66.52

2 Denpasar   63.63

3 Makasar 56,52 58.46

4 Manado 59,90 56.39

5 Surabaya 53,13 56.38

6 Semarang 52,52 54.63

7 Banjarmasin 52,61 53.16

8 Batam   52.60

9 Jayapura 53,86 52.56

10 Bandung 56,37 52.32

11 Palembang   52.15

12 Palangkaraya 52,04 50.86

13 Jakarta 51,90 50.71

14 Pontianak 43,65 46.92

15 Medan 52,28 46.67

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Key Findings: Cities are struggling

But there are 6 cities that are perceived as less livable compared to 2009, namely Manado (1 million), Jayapura (300,000), Bandung (2.5 million), Palangkaraya(400,000), Jakarta (15 million), and Medan (2.1 million)

The following are key areas that the public perceived as most important aspects in determining livability of their city, namely :

economic(27 ,97 %)

spatial plan/urban design (19,66 %),

Availability of education facility (13,29%),

Safety and security (11,08%)

waste management (10,80%)

Livability index of Indonesian cities (mean) is at 54.26, a relatively no change compared to the 2009 survey (54.17).

+ Aspect Perception (%)Physical/Urban

design 28.63Environment 34.32

Security & Safety 37.09

Economy 41.84

Social & Cultural 48.91

Transportation 49.56

Public utilities 68.18

Public Health 71.03Education 72.63

Key Findings: physical state of Indonesian cities a concern

A total of 45% percent of respondents living in Indonesian cities today perceived their cities as less livable. Key areas that has the lowest score include: physical aspect, environmental aspect and security & safety.

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These cities are mostly old and traditionally-well-preserved cities, strong indigenous ethnic communities, and mostly are known as education/university cities rather than industrialized/commercial centers, are more livable than the average Indonesian cities.

Key findings: some cities is just gets better.

Cities Index Above Average :Yogyakarta (65.34), Manado (59.9), Makassar (56.52), Bandung (56.37) is perceived as most livable cities, more than the average Indonesian cities.

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Pontianak consistenly low in the index (also lowest in 2009 survey), mainly are driven by its natural setting as a peaty soil (gambut) area, that limits the city planning and infrastructure development.

On the other hand, metropolizing Medan, the 4th largest city in Indonesia with 2.1 miliion population, is struggling from the rapid growth, urbanizations, and limited infrastructure. The security/safety factors is the lowest among all cities, which means public’s perception on security in Medan is very poor.

And some others keep struggling

Pontianak (43,65) and Medan (46,67) is perceived as least livable.

Mean = 28,63

Mean = 34,32

Mean = 49,56

Mean = 71,03

Mean = 72.63

Mean = 68,18

Mean = 41.84

Mean = 37,69

Mean = 48,91

+SNAPSHOT IS GOOD

Walaupun Indonesia memiliki fenomena ekonomi yang mengagumkan, kota-kota utama di Indonesia saat ini kesulitan untuk menjadi kota nyaman yang ideal. Hal ini membutuhkan keberanian bertindak, inovasi dan pemikiran progresif dari para manajer kota, terutama Walikota, untuk mengambil kebijakan-kebijakan yang tegas dalam pembangunan kota.

Pemimpin kota harus memilki visi, kepemimpinan dan dukungan kuat warga untuk merealisasikan identitas kota masa depan Indonesia: Kota yang Nyaman.

Simple and Actual “Snapshot” of the perceptions of urban populations described in this index shows:

+SNAPSHOT IS GOOD

Kenyaman (Livability) kota adalah hak semua warga. Para manajer kota dan pemerintah harus segera mengadopsi kebijakan dan opendekatan yang benar dan mumpuni.

Mandat politik di era demokrasi baru ini merupakan kesempatan emas untuk merencana, membangun dan mengendalikan/mengawasi pembangunan.

Pada saat bersamaan, para warga kota harus beradaptasi dengan pola hidup urban (bukan kampung), untuk menjadikan kota lebih nyaman.

Masa depan kota-kota Indonesia akan menghadapi tantangan lebih besar: perlunya membangun infrastruktur dan bertumbuh nya demokrasi di level lokal.

Simple and Actual “Snapshot” of the perceptions of urban populations described in this index shows:

+Tantangan bagi Kota Indonesia

InfrastrukturKEMACETAN

BANJIR

R T H

PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN BENCANA

PERUMAHAN DAN PERMUKIMAN

SAMPAH, AIR BERSIH, LIMBAH, DAN ENERGI

Target Jumlah Penduduk

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Perencanaan Kota Berbasis Stakeholder

1. Pengelolaan Pertumbuhan (Growth Management), bukan ‘Pembangunan’ biasa.

2. Basis Perencanaan Fungsional adalah Megalopolitan

3. Pergeseran Dari Discretionary System Ke Regulatory System

Livability harus merupakan landasan ukur sebagai bagian dari Citizen Charter, dengan ber fokus komitment manajer kota untuk melayani warga nya.

+2013 MLCI Survey – Partnership Opportunity

To further enhanced the impact of this Index, IAP is putting forward a proposal for partnership in the 2013 survey and beyond.

Improvement to the Index includes application of more comprehensive survey methodology in more cities.

The 2013 research will see an increase of sample in each cities, and add the number of cities to 24.

The analysis will include ordinal utility of main aspects of the survey. Further analysis will also connects the priority of each aspect with attribute of respondents, ie. Younger/older age group, gender, income group, etc.

Preliminary discussion to support the survey: Embassy of Denmark, Embassy of Sweden, Austrade, Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup.

Terima KasihTerima Kasih

Urban community perception for all aspects:

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