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Prepared by Lawrence Kok
IB Chemistry Titration Techniques, Acid/Base Titration and IA on Titrations.
Volumetric pipette
Indicator
Retort stand
• Quantitative analysis - determine unknown conc of an analyte
• Add known conc (std) from burette to unknown conc in flask.
• Titrant/titrator (added) + analyte/titrand (to be analyzed)
Conical flask
Pipette filler
Molarity- 0.1M Na2CO3
Titration
Titration Set up
BuretteTitrant/Titrator
Conical flaskAnalyte/Titrand
Notes/ sample titration calculation
White tile
Volumetric flask
Standardization of (ACID) with standard (BASE)
10.6g Na2CO3 10.6g in 1 L
Burette
Preparation of std (BASE) Preparation of std (ACID)
Titration
Redox Titration Acid Base Titration Complexometric titration
Neutralization
IndicatorpH sensor Conductometric
Changes colour (end point) at equivalent point
Indicator pKa pH rang
e
Colour Acid
Colour Base
Methyl orange 3.46 3.2- 4.4
RED Yellow
Bromophenol Blue
4.10 3.0- 4.6
Yellow Blue
Bromocresol Green
4.90 3.8- 5.4
Yellow Blue
Methyl Red 5.00 4.8- 6.0
Red Yellow
Bromothymol Blue
7.30 6.0- 7.6
Yellow Blue
Phenol Red 8.00 6.6- 8.2
Yellow Red
Phenolphthalein 9.50 8.2- 10.0
Colourless
Pink
Video on pH sensor Video on indicator Video on conductometric
measured usingmeasured using
Video on conductometric
3
1
62
4 5
Titration Steps
Rinse burette – titrant
Bottom fill with titrant NOT air gap
Fix it on retort stand read (Bottom of meniscus)
Record vol to nearest 0.01 ml9
8 7
Final vol to nearest 0.01 ml
Click here to view video
Rinse burette – deionized water Add dropwise – end point is near
Titration
Redox Titration Acid Base Titration Complexometric titration
Neutralization
Condition for Acid/Alkali TitrationOne reactant – must be std (known conc) or capable being standardised
Equivalent point – equal amt neutralize each otherEnd point detectable by colour change, pH change /conductivity
Acid/Base as primary standard -Stable/solid
-Soluble in water-Does not decompose over time
Primary std acid- Potassium hydrogen phthalate
Primary std base- Anhydrous sodium carbonate
Standard 0.1M Na2CO3
10.6g in 1 L
Volumetric Burette
Unable to prepare accurate conc of NaOH/HCI
•hygroscopic nature NaOH – absorb water vapour
• HCI is in vapour state – diff to measure amt
VolumetricBurette
Standard 0.1M KHP
20.4 g KHP
20.4 g in 1L
Unknown Conc NaOH
Unknown Conc HCI
? ?
Standardize NaOH
using KHP
Standardize HCI
using Na2 CO
3
10.6 g Na2CO3
0.1M KHP – 0.1 mole of KHP in total vol of solution (1L)
Primary standard acid
Mass of KHP → 0.1 mole KHP x M = 0.1 x 204.22gStep 1
Step 2
Pour to 1L volumetric flask Step 3
Add water until 1L mark
Transfer to beaker, add water to dissolve
Step 4
Step 5
20.4 g
Video std solution preparation
Molarity = 0. 1 mole (0.1M) 1 L total vol (solute + solvent)
Primary standard
Preparing std solution – 0.1 M – 0.1 mole KHP in 1 L
0.1M Na2CO3 – 0.1 mole of Na2CO3 in total vol of solution (1L)
Primary standard base
Mass of Na2CO3 → 0.1 mole Na2CO3 x M = 0.1 x 106 gStep 1
Step 2
Pour to 1L volumetric flask Step 3
Add water until 1L mark
Transfer to beaker, add water to dissolve
Step 4
Step 5
10.6 g
Video std solution preparation
Molarity = 0. 1 mole (0.1M) 1 L total vol (solute + solvent)
Primary standard
Preparing std solution – 0.1 M – 0.1 mole Na2CO3 in 1 L
Pipette 25 ml NaOH in conical flask
Step 2
Fill burette with std 0.1M KHP sol
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
2 drop phenolthalein – colourless to pink
Ini vol KHP recorded
Titrate until pink colour fades away
Final vol KHP recordedStep 6
Step 7 Repeat till consistent result agree within 0.1 cm3 (triplicate)
Standardization (ACID) with standard (BASE)
? Conc NaOH
Standardization (BASE) with std (ACID)
Step 1 Step 2
Step 3 Step 4
Step 5 Step 6 Step 7
Fill burette with std 0.1M Na2CO3 sol
Ini vol Na2CO3 recorded
Pipette 25 ml HCI in conical flask
2 drop methyl orange to HCI – red
Titrate until red changes to pink
Final vol Na2CO3recorded
Repeat till consistent result agree within 0.1 cm3 (triplicate)
Std 0.1M Na2CO3
? Conc HCI
Step 1 Std 0.1M KHP
Standardization of (BASE) with std (ACID)
Vol KHPFin vol = 29.50 ± 0.05Ini vol = 3.10 ± 0.05 Vol = 26.4 ± 0.1
Uncertainty in vol Add abs ∆ for final + ini= (0.05 + 0.05) = ± 0.1
Ave Vol KHP ± uncertainty= 26.4 + 26.4 + 26.4 3= (26.4± 0.1) cm3
Conc NaOH = 0.106 ± 0.5%
0.5 x 0.106 100= 0.001
Conc NaOH = 0.106 ± 0.001M
Lit value - NaOH = 0.100MExpt value– NaOH = 0.106MDifference = 0.006% Error – Difference x 100% Lit value 0.006 x 100 % = 6% 0.100
Data Processing Data collection
Vol KHP /cm3Titration trials
1 2 3
Final vol/(±0.05)cm3
38.50 29.50 45.90
Ini vol/ (±0.05)cm3
12.10 3.10 19.50
Total vol/ (±0.1)cm 3
26.4 26.4 26.4
NaOH + KHP → NaKP + H2O M = ? M = 0.1V = 25ml V = 26.4 ml
MMVMVM
b
aa
bb
106.011
0264.01.0025.011
Error Analysis
% ∆ - burette % ∆ - pipette
Abs ∆ vol x 100% Ave vol = 0.1 x 100% 26.4 = 0.38%
Abs ∆ vol x 100% vol = 0.03 x 100% 25.00 = 0.12 %
Total % ∆ = % ∆ burette + %∆ pipette = 0.38% + 0.12% = 0.5%
Data Processing
% uncertainty(Abs uncertainty)
Acid (KHP)
Base (NaOH)
Standardization of (ACID) with std (BASE)
Vol Na2CO3
Fin vol = 29.50 ± 0.05Ini vol = 3.10 ± 0.05 Vol = 26.4 ± 0.1
Uncertainty in vol Add abs ∆ for final + ini= (0.05 + 0.05) = ± 0.1
Ave Vol Na2CO3 ± uncertainty= 26.4 + 26.4 + 26.4 3= (26.4 ± 0.1) cm3
Conc HCI = 0.2112 ± 0.5%
0.5 x 0.2112 100= 0.001
Conc HCI = 0.2112 ± 0.001M
Lit value - HCI = 0.200MExpt value – HCI = 0.2112MDifference = 0.011% Error – Difference x 100% Lit value 0.011 x 100 % = 6% 0.200
Data Processing Data collection
Vol Na2CO3 /cm3Titration trials
1 2 3
Final vol/(±0.05)cm3
38.50 29.50 45.90
Ini vol/ (±0.05)cm3
12.10 3.10 19.50
Total vol/ (±0.1)cm 3
26.4 26.4 26.4
Na2CO3 + 2HCI → 2NaCI + H2O + CO2 M = 0.1 M = ?V = 26.4 ml V = 25.0 ml
MM
VMVM
a
aa
bb
2112.021
0250.00264.01.021
Error Analysis
% ∆ - burette % ∆ - pipette
Abs ∆ vol x 100% Ave vol = 0.1 x 100% 26.4 = 0.38%
Abs ∆ vol x 100% vol = 0.03 x 100% 25.00 = 0.12 %
Total % ∆ = % ∆ burette + %∆ pipette = 0.38% + 0.12% = 0.5%
Data Processing
% uncertainty(Abs uncertainty)
Base (Na2CO3)
Acid (HCI)
NaOHM = ? V = 25.0ml
KHPM = 0.100MV = 26.4 ml
HCI M = ? V = 25.0ml
Sample Titration Calculation
Na2CO3 M = 0.100MV = 26.4 ml
Standardization of (BASE) with std (ACID)
Standardization of (ACID) with std (BASE)
KHP + NaOH → NaKP + H2O M = 0.100 M = ?V = 26.40 ml V = 25.0 ml
MM
VMVM
b
bb
aa
106.011
0250.00264.01.011
Na2CO3 + 2HCI → 2NaCI + H2O + CO2 M = 0.100 M = ?V = 26.4 ml V = 25.0 ml
MM
VMVM
a
aa
bb
2112.021
0250.00264.01.021
Click here titration simulation Click here titration simulation Click here titration simulation Click here titration simulation
Simulation on Titration
Sample Titration Calculation
MMVMVM
b
aa
bb
12.212
5.026.00.10250.012
32012
305.05.1
12
cmVVMVM
b
aa
bb
25 ml NaOH require 26.5cm3 of 1.0M H2SO4
for neutralization.Find its molarity of NaOH.
Find vol of 1.5M NH3 required to neutralize
30 ml of 0.5M H2SO4
H2SO4M = 1 MV = 26.5 ml
NaOHM = ? V = 25 ml
2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2OM = ? M = 1MV = 25.0ml V = 26.5ml
H2SO4M = 0.5MV = 30ml
NH4OHM = 1.5MV = ? ml
2NH4OH + H2SO4 → (NH4)2SO4 + 2H2O M = 1.5M M = 0.5MV = ? ml V = 30.0ml
Simulation on Titration
Click here titration simulation Click here titration simulation Click here titration simulation Click here titration simulation
Sample Titration Calculation
32521
0.2505.021
cmV
VMVM
a
aa
bb
MM
VMVM
a
aa
bb
16.021
25102.021
Simulation on Titration
Click here titration simulation Click here titration simulation Click here titration simulation Click here titration simulation
Find vol of 2.0M HCI needed to neutralize 0.5M Na2CO3 in 50ml water.
HCIM = 2.0MV = ? ml
Na2CO3M = 0.5M
V = 50ml
Na2CO3 + 2HCI → 2NaCI + CO2 + H2OM = 0.5M M = 2.0MV = 50ml V = ? ml
Na2CO3 M = 0.2MV = 10.0ml
HCI M = ? V = 25 ml
10 cm3 of 0.2 M Na2CO3 need 25 cm3 of HCI for neutralization. Find molarity of
HCI.
Na2CO3 + 2HCI → 2NaCI + H2O + CO2M = 0.2M M = ?V = 10 ml V = 25 ml
Titration for IA assessment
Acid Base Titration
Standardization HCI with std Na2CO3
Standardization NaOH with std KHP
Titration bet NaOH with std HCI
Titration bet HCI
with std NaOH
Determine water crystallization in hydrated Na2CO3 with std HCI
Standardization KMnO4 with std ammonium iron(II) sulphate
Fe 2+ in iron pillwith std KMnO4
Hypochlorite (OCI-) in bleach with iodine/thiosulphate
Determine ethanoic acid in vinegar
Cu 2+ in brass with iodine/thiosulphate
Standardization KI/I2 with std KIO3
Determine acetylsalicylic acid in aspirin
Vit C in fruits with iodine/thiosulphate
Standardization Expt Acid/Base Expt
Standardization Expt Redox Expt
Redox Titration
Standardization KI/I2 with std sodium thiosulphate
Iodine/thiosulphate (iodometric titration)
Equilibrium established when ethanoic acid and ethanol react together
in strong acid, using propanone as solvent. Eqn given.
CH3COOH + C2H5OH ↔ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O Density ethanoic acid is 1.05 g cm–3.
i.Find amt, mol, of acid presentii.Conc acid is 1.748 mol dm–3. Find % uncertainty of conc.
Titration performed on acid using a base. Result shown below
Find absolute uncertainty of titre for Titration 1 (27.60 cm3).
Liquid Vol/cm3 Ethanoic acid 5.00 ±
0.05
Ethanol 5.00 ± 0.05
Hydrochloric acid 1.00 ± 0.02
Propanone 39.0 ± 0.5
gmassvoldenstiymass
25.500.505.1
volmassDensity
molMol
RMMmassMol
0874.06025.5
RMM acid = 60
% uncertainty acid conc = % uncertainty in vol acid + % uncertainty in total vol
volmolacidConc .
(0.05/5.00) x 100 % = 1 %
(0.62/50) x 100% = 1.24 %
Total % uncertainty = (1 + 1.24) % = 2.24%
Uncertainty final – initial vol (28.80 ±0.05 – 1.20 ±0.05 ) = (27.60 ± 0.1)
Add absolute uncertainty together
Two rxn kinetic investigated using iodine clock rxn.
Reaction A: H2O2 + 2I− + 2H+ → I2 + 2H2 OReaction B: I2 + 2S2O3
2− → 2I− + S4O62-
i. Find total uncertainty, in vol of rxn mixtureMixture contained:
5.0 ± 0.1 cm3 of 2M H2O2
5.0 ± 0.1 cm3 of 1 % starch20.0 ± 0.1 cm3 of 1M H2SO4
20.0 ± 0.1 cm3 of 0.01 M Na2S2O3
50.0 ± 0.1 cm3 of water with 0.0200 ± 0.0001 g KI
i. Add all vol together: Add all absolute uncertainty together.(5.0 ± 0.1) + (5.0 ± 0.1) + (20.0 ± 0.1) + (20.0 ± 0.1 ) + (50.0 ± 0.1) = (100 ± 0.5) cm 3
ii. Conc KI =Mass/ vol% uncertainty conc KI = % uncertainty mass + % uncertainty vol KI% ∆ mass = (0.0001/0.02) x 100% = 0.5 %% ∆ vol = (0.1/50) x 100% = 0.2 %% conc KI = (0.5 + 0.2)% = 0.7 %
iii. Final Conc KI = Conc KI in total mixture
ii. Find % uncertainty for KI conc in final rxn sol.
iii. Find % uncertainty for KI conc in overall rxn mixture
% ∆ final conc KI = % ∆ conc KI + % ∆ total vol KI
% ∆ conc KI = 0.7 %
% ∆ total vol = (0.5/100) x 100 % = 0.5% % conc KI
= (0.5 + 0.7) = 1.2 %
Mixture contained:5.0 ± 0.1 cm3 of 2M H2O2
5.0 ± 0.1 cm3 of 1 % starch20.0 ± 0.1 cm3 of 1M H2SO4
20.0 ± 0.1 cm3 of 0.01 M Na2S2O3
50.0 ± 0.1 cm3 of water with 0.0200 ± 0.0001 g KItotal vol
Only vol/mass/conc KI
4.32 x 10-5 x 176.14 = 7.61 x10-3 g Vit C
KIO3 + 5KI + 6H+ → 3I2 + 6K+ + 3H2O
3C6H8O6 + 3I2 → 3C6H6O6 + 6I- +
6H+
Iodometric titration on Vit C, (C6H8O6). Vit C titrated with 0.002M KIO3 , using excess KI
and starch.
Redox Titration – Vit C quantification
KIO3
M = 0.002M
Vit CAmt = ?
Mole ratio (1 :3)1 mol KIO3 : 3 mol I2 : 3 mol C6H8O6
1 mol KIO3 3 mol C6H8O6
Amt = ?
transfer1g KI excess + starch
titrated
Vit C
5
3
1032.4)..(
31
)..(0072.0002.0
31
).()(
CVitMole
CVitMole
CVitMVKIOMV
i. Find mass, of KIO3, required to prepare 0.250 dm3 of 0.002M KIO3
ii Titration results shown in table belowFind % uncertainty in mean vol of KIO3 used.
Mean vol = (7.20 ± 0.10) cm3
Find amt of KIO3 used
Mol = M x V = 0.002 x 7.20 1000 = 1.44 x 10-5 mol
41000.5
250.0002.0250.0
002.0
.
mol
mol
molvolmolacidConc
Convert mole KIO3 → Mass/g
X RMM = 214.00
5.00 x 10-4 x 214.00 = 0.107 g
% ∆ vol = (0.10/7.20) x 100 % = 1.4 %Find amt, Vit C in
sampleFind mass of Vit CConvert mole Vit C → Mass
RMM Vit C – 176.14
M x 0.0292 = 2.5 x 10-3
acid M = 2.5 x 10-3
0.0292 M = 0.0856M
Acid/Base Titration– Ethanoic acid in vinegar
CH3COOH M = ? V = 29.2ml
NaOH M = 0.1MV = 25.0ml
NaOH + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O M = 0.1M M = ?V = 25ml V = 29.2ml
V = 250ml M = ?
Mole ratio (1 : 1) 1 mole NaOH - 1 mole acid 2.5 x 10-3 mole NaOH - 2.5 x 10-3 acid
Mole ratio – 1: 1
Diluted 10x
V = 25 ml M = ?
25ml of conc vinegar (ethanoic acid) was diluted to total vol 250 ml in a flask. Diluted vinegar was transfer to a burette. 25ml, 0.1M NaOH is pipette into a flask, with indicator added. End
point reached when average 29.2 ml of diluted vinegar added. Find its molarity.
mole ratio
Moles bef dilution = Moles aft dilution M1 V1 = M2V2M1 = Ini molarity M2= Final molarityV1 = Ini vol V2 = Final vol
Mole NaOH = MV = (0.1 x 0.025) = 2.5 x 10-3
0856.011
0292.0025.01.011
a
aa
bb
M
VMVM
formula
MMM
VMVM
856.02500856.025
1
1
2211
Acid/Base Titration - Empirical formula Na2CO3. x H2O
HCI M = 0.100 M V = 48.8ml
Na2CO3 M = ? MV = 25 ml
2HCI + Na2CO3 → 2NaCI + CO2 + H2O M = 0.1M M = ?V = 48.8ml V = 25.0ml
V = 1L M = ?
25 ml transfer
Mole ratio – 2: 1
Mass Na2CO3 . x H2O = 27.82 gMass Na2CO3 = 10.36 gMass of water = (27.82 – 10.36) g = 17.46 g
Diuted to 1L
27.82gNa2CO3. xH2O
27.82 g of hydrated (Na2CO3 . x H2O) dissolved in water, making up to 1L. 25 ml of sol was neutralized by 48.8ml of 0.1 M HCI. Cal molarity and mass of Na2CO3 present in 1L of sol. Find x
Convert mol dm-3 → g dm-3 Empirical formula
Na2CO3 H2O
Mass/g
10.36 17.46
RMM 106 18.02
Mole 10.34/106= 0.09773
17.46/18.02= 0.9689
Lowest
ratio
0.09773/0.09733 1
0.9689/0.09733 10
Empirical formulaNa2CO3 . 10 H2O
MM
VMVM
b
bb
aa
0976.012
0250.00488.01.012
0.0976 x 106 = 10.36g/dm3
X RMM
Redox Titration - % Fe in iron tablet
Iron tablet contain FeSO4.7H2O. One tablet weigh 1.863 g crushed, dissolved in water and sol made up to 250 ml. 10ml of this sol added to
20 ml of H2SO4 and titrated with 0.002M KMnO4. Ave 24.5ml need to reach end point. Cal % Fe in iron tablet.
10ml transfer 20ml acid added
1.863 g250ml
KMnO4
M = 0.002MV = 24.5 ml
Fe2+
M = ? V = 30ml
MnO4- + 5Fe2+ + 8H+ → Mn2+ +
5Fe2+ + 4H2OM = 0.002M M = ? V = 24.5ml
Mole ratio – 1: 5
Mass (expt yield) = 1.703gMass (Actual ) = 1.863g% Fe = 1.703 x 100% 1.863 = 91.4%
6.125 x 10-3 x 278.05 = 1.703 g FeSO4
10ml sol contain - 2.45 x 10-4 Fe2+
250ml sol contain - 250 x 2.45 x 10-4
Fe2+
10 = 6.125 x 10-3 mole Fe2+
42
2
1045.2.51
.0245.0002.051
FeMoleFeMole
VMVM
bb
aa
Convert mole → Mass
X RMM
Mole bef dil = Mole aft dil M1 V1 = M2V2
M1 x 10 = 1.78 x 10-2 x 250 M1 = 1.78 x 10-2
x 250 10 M1 = 0.445M
2CIO- + 2I- + 2H+ → I2 + 2CI- + H2O
I2 + 2S2O32- → S4O6
2- + 2I-
10ml bleach (CIO-) diluted to a vol of 250 ml. 20ml is added to 1g of KI (excess) and iodine produced is titrated with 0.0206 M Na2S2O3.Using
starch indicator, end point was 17.3ml. Cal molarity of CIO in bleach.
Redox Titration – CIO- in Bleach
Na2S2O3
M = 0.0206MV = 17.3ml
I2
M = ?
Mole ratio ( 1 : 1)2 mole CIO- : 1 mole I2 : 2 mole S2O3
2-
2 mole CIO- 2 mole S2O3
2-
10.0ml CIO-
transfer
V = 250mlM = 1.78 x 10-2 M
20ml transfer
1g KI excess added
M x V = Mol CIO- M x V = 3.56 x 10-4 M x 0.02 = 3.56 x 10-4 M = 3.56 x 10-4 002 M = 1.78 x 10-2 M diluted 25x
Diuted 25x
V = 10M = ?
titrated
Water added till 250ml
4
32
1056.3)..(22
0173.00206.0).(22
)()(
CIOMole
CIOMoleOSMV
CIOMV
KIO3 + 5KI + 6H+ → 3I2 + 6K+ + 3H2O
3C6H8O6 + 3I2 → 3C6H6O6 + 6I- +
6H+
Iodometric titration on Vit C, (C6H8O6). 25 ml Vit C titrated with 0.002M KIO3 from burette,
using excess KI and starch. Ave vol KIO3 is 25.5ml. Cal molarity of Vit C.
Redox Titration – Vit C quantification
KIO3
M = 0.002MV = 25.5ml
Vit CM = ?V = 25ml
Mole ratio (1 :3)1 mol KIO3 : 3 mol I2 : 3 mol C6H8O61 mol KIO3 3 mol C6H8O6
V = 25mlM = ?
25ml transfer1g KI excess + starch
titrated
Vit C
4
3
1053.1)..(
31
)..(0255.0002.0
31
).()(
CVitMole
CVitMole
CVitMVKIOMV M x V = Mol Vit C
M x V = 1.53 x 10-4 M x 0.025 = 3.56 x 10-4 M = 3.56 x 10-4 0025 M = 6.12 x 10-3 M
2.82 x 10-3 x 63.5 = 0.179 g Cu in 25ml
1.79 g Cu in 250ml
% Cu = mass Cu x 100% mass brass = 1.79 x 100% 2.5 = 71.8%
2Cu2+ + 4I- → I2 + 2CuI
I2 + 2S2O32- → S4O6
2- + 2I-
2.5g brass react with 10ml HNO3 producing Cu2+ ion. Sol made up to 250ml using water. Pipette 25ml of sol to flask. Na2CO3 add to neutralize excess acid. 1g KI (excess) and starch added. Titrate with 0.1M S2O3
2- and end point, is 28.2 ml. Find molarity Cu 2+ and % Cu found in brass.
Redox Titration - % Cu in Brass
Na2S2O3
M = 0.1MV = 28.2ml
I2M = ?
Mole ratio (1 : 1)2 mol Cu2+ : 1 mol I2 : 2 mol S2O3
2-
2 mol Cu2+ 2 mol S2O3
2-
Pour into Volumetric flask
V = 250mlM = ?
25ml transfer
1g KI excess/ starch
10 ml HNO3
titrated
Water added 250ml
2.5g brass
32
2
232
2
1082.2).(22
0282.01.0).(
22
)()(
CuMole
CuMole
OSMVCuMV
M x V = Mol Cu 2+
M x V = 2.82 x 10-3 M x 0.025 = 2.82 x 10-3 M = 2.82 x 10-
3 0025 M = 1.13 x 10-3
M
Convert mole Cu → Mass Cu
X RMM
X 10
2Cu2+ + 4I- → I2 + 2CuI
I2 + 2S2O32- → S4O6
2- + 2I-
0.456 g brass react with 25ml HNO3 producing Cu2+ ions. Sol was titrate with 0.1M S2O3
2- and end point, reached when 28.5ml added. Cal mol, mass, molarity of Cu 2+ and %
Cu in brass.
Redox Titration - % Cu in Brass
Na2S2O3
M = 0.1MV = 28.5ml
I2
M = ?
Mole ratio (1 : 1)2 mol Cu2+ : 1 mol I2 : 2 mol S2O3
2-
2 mol Cu2+ 2 mol S2O3
2-
transfer
1g KI excess starch
25ml HNO3
titrated
0.456g brass
32
2
232
2
1085.2).(22
0285.01.0).(
22
)()(
CuMole
CuMole
OSMVCuMV
M x V = Mol Cu 2+
M x V = 2.85 x 10-3 M x 0.025 = 2.85 x 10-3 M = 2.85 x 10-
3 0025 M = 1.14 x 10-3
M
Convert mole Cu → Mass Cu
2.85 x 10-3 x 63.5 = 0.18 g Cu
X RMM
% Cu = mass Cu x 100% mass brass = 0.18 x 100% 0.456 = 39.7 %
% Calcium carbonate in egg shell - Back Titration
250ml, 2M HNO3
Amt of HNO3 added
Amt of base (egg)
Amt of HNO3 left
Titrate NaOH M = 1.0 V = 17.0ml
Amt HNO3 react = Amt HNO3 – Amt HNO3 add left
HNO3 left
Transfer to flask
Left overnight in acid
added
25 g of egg shell (CaCO3) dissolved in 250 ml, 2 M HNO3. Sol titrated with NaOH.
17 ml, 1M NaOH needed to neutralize excess acid. Cal % CaCO3 by mass in egg shell.
NaOH + HNO3 → NaNO3 +
H2O M = 1.00M mol = ?V = 17 ml
Amt HNO3 add = M x V = 2.0 x 0.250 = 0.50 mol
Amt HNO3 react = Amt HNO3 add – Amt HNO3 left = 0.50 – 1.7 x 10-2 = 0.483 mol 2HNO3 + CaCO3 → (CaNO3)2 + H2O + 2CO2 Mole Mole 0.483 ?
Mole ratio (2 : 1) 2 mol HNO3 - 1 mol CaCO3 0.483 mol HNO3 - o.242 mol CaCO3
2107.1..
11
).(017.000.111
acidMole
acidMole
VMVM
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25 g impureCaCO3 in egg shell
Convert mole CaCO3 → Mass /g
X RMM
0.242 x 100 = 24.2 g CaCO3
% CaCO3 = mass CaCO3 x 100% mass egg = 24.2 x 100% 25.0 = 96.8 %
% Calcium carbonate in egg shell - Back Titration
Amt of HCI added
Amt of base (egg)
Amt of HCI left
Titrate NaOH M = 0.10 V = 23.8 ml
Amt HCI react = Amt HCI – Amt HCI add left
HCI left
Transfer to flask
Left overnight in acid
added
NaOH + HCI → NaCI + H2O M = 0.1 M mol = ?V = 23.8 ml
Amt HCI add = M x V = 0.2 x 0.272 = 0.0544 mol
Amt HCI react = Amt HCI add – Amt HCI left = 0.0544 – 2.38 x 10-3 = 0.00306 mol 2HCI + CaCO3 → CaCI3 + H2O + CO2 Mole Mole 0.00306 ?
Mole ratio (2 : 1) 2 mol HCI - 1 mol CaCO3 0.00306 mol HCI - o.00153 mol
CaCO3
31038.2..
11
).(238.01.011
acidMole
acidMole
VMVM
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Convert mole CaCO3 → Mass /g
X RMM
0.00153 x 100 = 0.153 g CaCO3
% CaCO3 = mass CaCO3 x 100% mass egg = 0.153 x 100% 0.188 = 81.4 %
0.188g of egg shell (CaCO3) dissolved in 27.2 ml, 0.2 M HCI. Sol was titrated with NaOH. 23.8ml, 0.10M NaOH need to
neutralize excess acid. Cal mol, mass and % of CaCO3 by mass in egg shell.
0.188g impureCaCO3 in egg shell
27.20ml, 0.2M HCI
Amt of HCI added
Amt of base
Amt of HCI left
Titrate NaOH M = 0.1108 V = 33.64 ml
Amt HCI react = Amt HCI – Amt HCI add left
HCI left
Transfer to flask
Left overnight in acid
added
NaOH + HCI → NaCI + H2O M = 0.1108 M mol = ?V = 33.64 ml
Amt HCI add = M x V = 0.250 x 0.05 = 0.0125 mol
Amt HCI react = Amt HCI add – Amt HCI left = 0.0125 – 3.727 x 10-3 = 0.008773 mol 2HCI + Ca(OH)3 → CaCI3 + H2O Mole Mole 0.008773 ?
Mole ratio (2 : 1) 2 mol HCI - 1 mol Ca(OH)2 0.008773 mol HCI - o.004386 mol
Ca(OH)2
310727.3..
11
).(03364.01108.0
11
acidMole
acidMole
VMVM
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Convert mole Ca(OH)2 → Mass /g
X RMM
0.004386 x 74.1 = 0.325g Ca(OH)2
% Ca(OH)2 = mass Ca(OH)2 x 100% mass impure = 0.325 x 100% 0.5214 = 62.3 %
50 ml, 0.250M HCI
% Calcium hydroxide in antacid tablet - Back Titration
0.5214 g of impure Ca(OH)2 from antacid was dissolved in 50 ml, 0.250M HCI.
33.64ml, 0.1108 M NaOH need to neutralize excess acid. Cal % Ca(OH)2 in tablet.
0.5214g impureCa(OH)2
Amt of NaOH added
Amt of acid
Amt of NaOH left
Titrate HCI M = 0.5
V = 17.6 ml
Amt NaOH react = Amt NaOH – Amt NaOH add left
NaOH left
Transfer to flask
Left overnight in acid
added
HCI + NaOH → NaCI + H2O M = 0.5 M mol = ?V = 17.6 ml
Amt NaOH add = M x V = 2 x 0.02 = 0.04 mol
Amt NaOH react = Amt NaOH add – Amt NaOH left = 0.04 – 8.8 x 10-3 = 0.0312 mol 2NaOH + H2A → Na3 A+ 2H2O Mole Mole 0.0312 ?
Mole ratio (2 : 1) 2 mol NaOH - 1 mol acid 0.0312 mol NaOH - 0.0156 mol acid
3108.8.
11
).(0176.05.011
baseMole
acidMole
VMVM
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aa
Molar mass of insoluble acid in tablet -Back Titration
2.04 g insoluble acid dissolve in 20 ml, 2M NaOH. Excess NaOH require
17.6 ml, 0.5M HCI to neutralize it. Find molar mass acid
2.04 g impureacid H2A
20 ml, 2M NaOH
Molar Mass Acid0.0156 mol acid - 2.04 g 1 mol acid - 2.04 0.0156 = 131
Acknowledgements
Thanks to source of pictures and video used in this presentation
Thanks to Creative Commons for excellent contribution on licenseshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/
Prepared by Lawrence Kok
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